Literacy Exercises

If you’re like most Americans you probably don’t get eight hours sleep each night.
But, if you also

constantly feel exhausted, experience headaches for no obvious reason or have high blood pressure,
you could have a more serious problem. That’s because these can all be the result of snoring—which is,
in turn, the most common symptom of a potentially serious health problem—obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA).
While most people think of snoring as a minor annoyance, research shows it can be hazardous to your
health. That’s because for over 18 million Americans it’s related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
People who suffer from OSA repeatedly and unknowingly stop breathing during the night due to a
complete or partial obstruction of their airway. It occurs when the jaw, throat, and tongue muscles
relax, blocking the airway used to breathe. The resulting lack of oxygen can last for a minute or longer,
and occur hundreds of times each night.
Thankfully, most people wake when a complete or partial obstruction occurs, but it can leave you feeling
completely exhausted. OSA has also been linked to a host of health problems including: acid reflux,
frequent night-time urination, memory loss, stroke, depression, diabetes, and heart attack. People over
35 are at higher risk.
OSA can be expensive to diagnose and treat, and is not always covered by insurance. A sleep clinic will
require an overnight visit. Doctors then analyze the data and prescribe one of several treatments. These
may require you to wear uncomfortable CPAP devices that force air through your nose and mouth while
you sleep to keep your airways open, and may even include painful surgery.
Fortunately, there is now a comfortable, far less costly and invasive treatment option available. A recent
case study published by Eastern Virginia Medical School’s Division of Sleep Medicine in the Journal of
Clinical Sleep Medicine concludes that wearing a simple chinstrap while you sleep can be an effective
treatment for OSA.
The chinstrap, which is now available from a company called ‘My Snoring Solution’, works by supporting
the lower jaw and tongue, preventing obstruction of the airway. It’s made from a high-tech, lightweight,
and super comfortable material. Thousands of people have used the ‘My Snoring Solution’ chinstrap to
help relieve their snoring symptoms, and they report better sleeping, and better health overall because
of it.
What is the topic of the text?

A. Causes, impacts and treatments of snoring
B. Snoring as a symptom of health problems
C. OSA as occurring among Americans
D. Diagnosis and treatments of patients with OSA
E. Factors causing Americans to suffer from OSA
Which paragraph represents the idea that patients with OSA have a new hope in the treatment with
their illness?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
With the sentence ‘While most people think of snoring as a minor annoyance, research shows it can be
hazardous to your health.’ in paragraph 2, the writer intends to….
A. compare the reliability of the general view on snoring and the related research finding
B. highlight people’s ignorance about the impacts of snoring
C. show the difference between snoring and OSA
D. draw more attention to the seriousness of the problems of snoring
E. give an example of the symptoms of OSA
The purpose of the text is to ….
A. show several aspects related with OSA
B. persuade patients with OSA to buy a new invention
C. explain recent inventions to cure patients with OSA
D. describe physiological processes of OSA
E. expose reasons for immediate treatments of OSA
Did you ride your bike to school when you were a kid? A generation ago most kids rode, walked or
caught the bus to school; very few of us were dropped off by our parents at the school gate. These days
most of us have experienced the daily traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times, as
parents drive their children to the school gate. While there is no national data on the number of children
who walk or ride to school, a recent Victorian survey found nearly half of all children are driven to school
every day.
Parents choose to drop their kids at school for a number of reasons – mostly to do with safety and
convenience. But experts say chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they are missing
out on much-needed exercise and other life skills.
Research suggests at least a third of Australian children aged 9-16 years are not getting the amount of
daily physical activity recommended in national guidelines. But this is not because children's
participation in leisure or sporting activities has dropped off, says Dr Jan Garrard. Participation in these
activities hasn't altered much over the years, Garrard says but what has changed is the level of
incidental activity children do. "When you look at countries where children are just active as part of
everyday life, they do not have to be sporty. All they have to do is to get around the way the community
gets around by walking and cycling, and they get enough physical activity," she says.
The author presents the recent facts and related survey findings followed by….
A. the descriptions of parents’ chauffeuring and its effects
B. the explanation of the reasons for chauffeuring and their advantages
C. the discussion of the function of chauffeuring and the impacts
D. the arguments for chauffeuring practices for children’s safety
E. the exposition of how parents chauffeur and its drawbacks
By writing the sentence “…chauffeuring your kids to school every day could mean they're missing out on
much-needed exercise and other life skills.” (paragraph 2), the author implies that ….
A. taking kids to school makes them deprived individuals when they grow up
B. kids given a lift to school likely lose vital social and physical advantages
C. schooling means not only learning in classes but also socializing with others
D. parents spoil their kids’ future social and physical life by giving them a lift
E. when a child needs physical and social training, parent should facilitate them
Dr. Garrard’s statement “…where children are just active as part of everyday life, they don't have to be
sporty…” (paragraph 3) may be best restated that ….
A. children who are active do not automatically mean they will be good at sport
B. being muscular should not be the aim of children who are naturally active
C. children’s physical fitness is not closely related with their daily activities
D. activeness in children does not mean to make these children physically fit
E. when naturally active, children need no more scheduled sports activities
The part following the passage above most likely contains information on….
A. advice to parents for their children to have enough physical activities
B. the decreasing trend of children to do physical activities at their will
C. parental motives behind chauffeuring their children to school
D. reasons for children not to do fun and incidental activities
E. effects of having children not to be given a lift to school

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If you’re like most Americans you probably don’t get eight hours sleep each night.

But, if you also

What is the topic of the text?

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