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    Marie Elaine Silvan Estanilla
    This document provides information on energy flow through ecosystems and the roles of different organisms. It discusses how autotrophs (producers) generate their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs (consumers) obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs are classified as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, scavengers, and decomposers based on what they consume. The document also outlines the population densities of areas and factors within an ecosystem. It concludes by describing the functions of cell organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

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    Science

    Uploaded by

    Marie Elaine Silvan Estanilla
    7 views2 pages
    This document provides information on energy flow through ecosystems and the roles of different organisms. It discusses how autotrophs (producers) generate their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs (consumers) obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs are classified as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, scavengers, and decomposers based on what they consume. The document also outlines the population densities of areas and factors within an ecosystem. It concludes by describing the functions of cell organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

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    This document provides information on energy flow through ecosystems and the roles of different organisms. It discusses how autotrophs (producers) generate their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs (consumers) obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs are classified as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, scavengers, and decomposers based on what they consume. The document also outlines the population densities of areas and factors within an ecosystem. It concludes by describing the functions of cell organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    7 views2 pages

    Science

    Uploaded by

    Marie Elaine Silvan Estanilla
    This document provides information on energy flow through ecosystems and the roles of different organisms. It discusses how autotrophs (producers) generate their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs (consumers) obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Heterotrophs are classified as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, scavengers, and decomposers based on what they consume. The document also outlines the population densities of areas and factors within an ecosystem. It concludes by describing the functions of cell organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

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    23 April 2023

    SCIENCE NOTES

    HOW MUCH IS TOO MUCH?

    Lesson 14.1

     All living things need energy to survive.


     Autotrophs/Producers
    o Organisms that are able to generate their own food, such as plants.
    o Auto- means “self” and -troph means “to feed” or “to nourish.”
    o They obtain their energy directly from the sun and since they produce their own food, they
    are also called primary producers.
    o Through photosynthesis, autotrophs combine sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make
    glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. The glucose is used by the autotroph either for energy
    or to build cellular structures.
     Heterotrophs/Consumers
    o Are organisms that cannot make their own food and must meet their energy and nutritional
    demands by consuming or eating other organisms. Must feed on other organisms to get
    energy. Hetero means “other.”
     Different Classifications of Heterotrophs:
    o HERBIVORES - any heterotrophs that obtain their matter and energy by feeding directly and
    only on producers. (Plants)
    o OMNIVORES - heterotrophs that sometimes consume producers and other times may
    consume other heterotrophs. (Plants and Meat)
    o CARNIVORES - heterotrophs that strictly consume other heterotrophs. (Meat)
    o SCAVENGERS - heterotrophs that do not kill for food but instead eat animals that have
    already died. This group of organisms helps clean up dead and decaying organisms in the
    ecosystem as well as breaking down the material into smaller pieces.
    o DECOMPOSERS - eat dead materials and break them down into chemical parts.
     ENERGY FLOW
    o Producers (Plants)
    o Primary Consumers (Herbivores)
    o Secondary Consumers (Carnivores)
    o Tertiary Consumer (Apex – very top of the food chain.)
    o Decomposers

    Lesson 14.2

     Population Density
    o Low-density area would have more organisms spread out.
    o High-density areas would have more individuals living closer together, leading to greater
    resource competition.
     Biotic and abiotic factors are what make up ecosystems. Biotic factors are living things within an
    ecosystem; such as plants, animals, and bacteria, while abiotic are non-living components; such as
    water, soil and atmosphere. The way these components interact is critical in an ecosystem.

    DNA

    Cell Organelles and their Functions

    - Cell is the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the
    tissues of the body.
     Nucleus - By housing the cell's genome, the nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic
    information and as the cell's control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all
    take place within the nucleus, with only the final stage of gene expression (translation) localized to
    the cytoplasm.
     Chromosomes - play a crucial role in determining the sex of an individual. Each human cells contain
    23 pairs of chromosomes.
     Endoplasmic reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transportation of substances
    throughout the cell. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids,
    steroids and proteins.
     Golgi Apparatus - Golgi bodies are called the cell’s post office as it is involved in the transportation
    of materials within the cell.
     Ribosome - Ribosomes are the protein synthesizers of the cell.
     Mitochondria - The mitochondrion is called “the powerhouse of the cell.” It is called so because it
    produces ATP – the cell’s energy currency.

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