Name: M Kamran

LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

LAB NO. 01
INTRODUCTION TO ETAP SOFTWARE

Objective:
 To get familiar with ETAP software.
 To understand the GUI of ETAP.
 To learn how to run a basic analysis in ETAP.

Required Equipment:
 PC
 ETAP software.

Theory:
Introduction to ETAP software:
Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) is a full spectrum analytical
engineering software developed by Operation Technology Inc. (OTI). The software
specializing in the analysis, simulation, monitoring, control, optimization, and automation
of electrical power systems. ETAP software offers the most comprehensive and integrated
suite of power system enterprise solution that spans from modeling to operation.
The ETAP Software provides a good interface for performing rigorous analysis on
electrical power systems and is one of the best in Electrical Transient analysis softwares.
The ETAP Software provides an easy to use, user friendly environment along with a
comprehensive user manual that helps user through any problem encountered during
simulation. The Basic interface of ETAP is shown in figure below.

Figure 1.0. ETAP main window.

 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

ETAP Features Overview:

The ETAP Software provides a good interface for performing rigorous analysis on electrical
power systems and is one of the best in Electrical Transient analysis softwares. It’s integration
to Microsoft Excel is also one of its many amazing features. The ETAP Software provides an
easy to use, user friendly environment along with a comprehensive user manual that helps
user through any problem encountered during simulation. The Basic interface of ETAP is
shown in figure below.

Fig.1.1.ETAP GUI based User Interface

ETAP allows you to work directly with graphical one-line diagrams, underground cable
raceway systems, three- dimensional cable systems, advanced time-current coordination and
selectivity plots, geographic information system schematics (GIS), three-dimensional ground
grid systems.

The program has been designed according to three key concepts:

1.Simplicity in Data Entry:
ETAP keeps track of the detailed data for each electrical apparatus. Data editors can speed up
the data entry process by requiring the minimum data for a particular study. To achieve this, we
have structured the property editors in the most logical manner for entering data for different
types of analysis or design. ETAP’s one-line diagram supports a number of features to assist
you in constructing networks of varying complexities.
For example, each element can individually have varying orientations, sizes, and display
symbols (IEC or ANSI). The one-line diagram also allows you to place multiple protective
devices between a circuit branch and a bus. ETAP provides you with a variety of options for
presenting or viewing your electrical system. These views are called presentations. The
location, size, orientation, and symbol of each element can be different in each presentation.
Additionally, protective devices and relays can be displayed (visible) or hidden (invisible) for
any particular presentation. For example, one presentation can be a relay view where all
protective devices are displayed. Another presentation may show a one line diagram with some
circuit breakers shown and the rest hidden (a layout best suited for load flow results). Among
ETAP’s most powerful features are the composite network and motor elements. Composite
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

elements allow you to graphically nest network elements within themselves to an arbitrary
depth. For example, a composite network can contain other composite networks, providing the
capability to construct complex electrical networks while still maintaining a clean, uncluttered
diagram that displays what you want to emphasize - yet the next level of system detail is within
easy reach of your mouse. Power is at your fingertips. We consider ETAP to be the foremost-
integrated database for electrical systems, allowing you to have multiple presentations of a
system for different analysis or design purposes.
2.Total Integration of Data:
ETAP combines the electrical, logical, mechanical, and physical attributes of system elements
in the same database. For example, a cable not only contains data representing its electrical
properties and physical dimensions, but also information indicating the raceways through
which it is routed. Thus, the data for a single cable can be used for load flow or short-circuit
analyses(which require electrical parameters and connections) as well as cable ampacity
derating calculations (which require physical routing data). This integration of the data
provides consistency throughout the system and eliminates multiple data entry for the same
element.
3.Virtual Reality Operation :
The program operation resembles real electrical system operation as closely as possible. For
example, when you open or close a circuit breaker, place an element out of service, or change
the operating status of motors, the de-energized elements and subsystems are indicated on the
one- line diagram in gray. ETAP incorporates new concepts for determining protective device
coordination directly from the one-line diagram.
ETAP Toolbars:
ETAP software is intelligently divided into different toolbars according to their functionality.
User can easily access each toolbar while creating one line diagram of a power system model.
Besides toolbars, there are different options available to perform analyses on the system model
through study cases, configurations, edit toolbars. Each one of them is described in this
tutorial.

Mode Toolbar:
Mode toolbar is located on top of GUI just below the file menu. Different Analysis Modes can
be selected from this Mode Toolbar according to the requirement of the project. In ETAP 16,
a complete set of analyses has been provided through the mode toolbar as given in the list
below:
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Fig.1.2: ETAP Mode Toolbars for various Power System Analyses

There are total 13 study modes in ETAP as depicted in Fig.1.2. Each one of them is briefly
described in the order from left to right.
Procedure:
1. Open ETAP software.
2. Take a Grid power station.
3. Place a cable and a bus for connecting two different objects,
4. Take a lumb load and connect to bus.
5. Modify each discussed above object according to your task.
6. Observe the results and difference of units.
Single line Diagram:
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Fig.1.3.single line diagram

Conclusion:
In this lab we learnt about ETAP software. We also learnt how to build a single line
diagram. observed the behavior of the systems.

Rubrics
Absent Student is Student can Student has Student has Student
unable to understand followed constructed perfectly
follow the the provided instructions the implemented a
provided laboratory to construct functional/ working
instructions instructions the working model/ logic/
properly. and familiar fundamental schematic/ circuit/ block
The student with the lab schematic/ model/ block diagram/ code
can name the environment block diagram/ and
hardware or (Trainer/ diagram/ code, and successfully
simulation software/ code/ model have executed
platform, but IDE), but on the successfully the
Demonstration executed the
unable to cannot protoboard/ lab
implement implement trainer/ program/ run
anything on the simulation circuit on objective in
practically or platform software. software Realtime or in
on the practically or platform
a simulation
software on the environment
software and produced
the

desired
results
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Report not Plagiarized Requirements Observations Appropriate Correctly

submitted content are listed and are recorded computations drawn
presented experimental along with or numerical conclusion
Labor or procedure is detailed analysis with exact
atory ts incomplete presented is results and
Repor procedure
submission performed complete
report in all
respects
Category Ungraded Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent
Percentage [0] [1-20] [21-40] [41-60] [61-80] [81-100]
Marks 0.0 0.01 - 0.20 0.21 - 0.40 0.41 - 0.60 0.61 - 0.80 0.81 - 1.0
Date Total Marks Instructor’s Signature

LAB NO. 02
LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM

Objective:
 To design & model of power system on ETAP
 To analyze the load flow in ETAP
 To analyze the load flow based on Quetta ring system
Required Equipment:
 PC
 ETAP software.

Theory:
Load Flow:
In a 3-phase ac power system, active and reactive power flows from the generating
stations to the load through different network buses and branches (transmission lines).
Active power P and reactive power Q is supplied by generators at generator buses.
Active power is drawn by loads from load buses. Reactive power Q is supplied or drawn
from the load buses by shunt compensation elements (shunt capacitors, reactor elements,
static VAR system). The flow of active and reactive power is called the power flow or
load flow. The voltages of buses and their phase angles are affected by the power flow
and vice-versa.

Power flow studies provide a systematic mathematical approach for determination of

various bus voltages, their phase angles, active and reactive power flow through different
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

branches, generators and loads under steady state conditions. The power flow study in a
power system constitutes a study of paramount importance.

Load flow studies are carried out to study short circuit conditions for any interconnected
power system. These are also required for planning the operation of power systems under
existing conditions, its improvement and future expansion. Such studies facilitate us in
determination of best size as well as the most favorable locations for the power
capacitors both for power factor improvement and also for raising the network voltages.

The load flow also help us in determination of the best location as well as optimal
capacity of the proposed generating stations, substations and new lines. Thus load flow
studies are very important for planning existing system as well as its future expansion.

For optimized operation of an interconnected system some information’s, such as bus-

bar voltage levels, machine excitation, tap-change and reactive compensation
requirements are required which are provided by load flow studies.

The main information obtained from load flow studies comprises the magnitudes and
phase angles of load bus voltages, reactive power at generator buses, active and reactive
power flow in transmission lines, other variables being specified. Such information is
essential for the continuous monitoring of the current state of the system and for analysis
of the effectiveness of alternative plans for future system expansion to meet the
increased load demand.

For many years, load flow studies were carried out by means of special purpose analog
computer, called the ac network analyzer, but the advent of high-speed digital computers
has tended to replace their use for large system studies.

Analysis of power system networks is possible by using either mesh current or nodal
voltage techniques. The latter is more amenable to digital computer analysis, so that the
nodal iterative approach to the solution of load or power flow problems has now become
firmly established.
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Fig.2.0. load flow analysis

Procedure:
1. Open ETAP software.
2. Take a Generator of 20MW.
3. Place a cable and a bus for connecting with Generator.
4. Than we take a transformer(T1) connect with Bus1.
5. In next step connect T1 with Bus2.
6. And then we connect Bus2 with Cable1 and Cable connect with Bus3.
7. Bus3 connect with transformer (T2) and T2 connect with Bus4.
8. Bus4 connect with Transformer (T3) and T3 connect with Bus5.
9. Bus5 connect with lump load of (10 MVA).
10. when complete our circuit we run the simulation and check the different values of
load flow on all buses.

Circuit Diagram:
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Fig.2.1. circuit Diagram

Report:

Fig.2.2. Load flow report

Lab Assignment:
 Name: M Kamran
LAB MANUAL POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS CMS ID: 54115

Load flow of based on Quetta ring system.