Biography

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

by Geoff Fairburn

PAIRED
The Lifesaver
READ

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 STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension Vocabulary
Strategy: Ask and Answer citizenship, continue,
Questions daring, horrified,
Skill: Author’s Point of View participate, proposed,
unfairness, waver
Vocabulary Strategy
Prefixes and Suffixes Content Standards
Social Studies
ELL Vocabulary Civics and Government
foundation, remarkable
Word count: 896**

Photography Credit: CoverJohn Loengard/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images.

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to:

McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-119289-2
MHID: 0-02-119289-8

Printed in the United States.

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 Essential Question
What do good citizens do?

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

by Geoff Fairburn

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Growing Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
A Life of Public Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 3
From Camp Shriver to
Special Olympics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Respond to Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PAIRED
The Lifesaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
READ
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

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 Introduction
One thousand athletes took part in a
sports event in 1968. The event took place
at Soldier Field in Chicago. There were
about one hundred people watching the event.
A woman spoke to the athletes. She told
the athletes to be brave.

“In ancient Rome, the gladiators went

into the arena with these words on their
lips: let me win, but if I cannot win, let
me be brave in the attempt. Today, all

Special Olympics
of you young athletes are in the arena.
Many of you will win. But even more
important, I know you will be brave
and bring credit to your parents and
to your country.”

Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1968)

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 athlete

Eunice

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

(left) was the founder
of Special Olympics.

The sports event was the first Special

Olympics. The speaker was Eunice Kennedy
Shriver. The one thousand athletes were young
people with intellectual disabilities. Before
1968, people with intellectual disabilities
did not take part in sports. Eunice started
the Special Olympics to help people with
intellectual disabilities play sports. Eunice
was a remarkable woman.

In Other Words participate. En español

Special Olympics

take part quiere decir participaron.

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 Chapter 1 Growing Up
Eunice Kennedy was born in 1921 in
Massachusetts. Eunice’s parents had nine
children. The Kennedy children were told to
love their family and to always do their best.
Eunice once said that her father told her to
“win, win, win.”

Eunice was an excellent athlete. She

enjoyed swimming and sailing. Eunice played
touch football with her brothers. Eunice loved
to go sailing with her sister Rosemary.

Language Her is a possessive pronoun. Can you find

Detective another possessive pronoun on this page?

CORBIS
Eunice (far right) loved to play
football with her brothers.

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 Eunice

Rosemary

Eunice and her sister

Rosemary had a special
relationship.

Rosemary was born with mental challenges.

By the time Rosemary was 20 years old she
could not be cared for at home. Rosemary
had a brain operation. But the operation
did not work. Rosemary lived in a special
home. She loved to see her family. She loved
to swim.
Bettmann/CORBIS

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 Eunice loved her sister Rosemary and was
happy to have grown up with her. Rosemary
showed Eunice what people with intellectual
disabilities could do. At that time, many people
with disabilities were sent to institutions. They
could not go to school or work. People with
intellectual disabilities were not encouraged to
take part in sports.

Eunice was struck by the unfairness of this.

Eunice wanted to make life better for people

moodboard/the Agency Collection/Getty Images

like her sister Rosemary.
STOP AND CHECK

Why was Eunice happy to have

grown up with Rosemary?

Today, people living with intellectual

disabilities have the chance to go
to schools and make friends. credits

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 Chapter 2 A Life of Public Service

Eunice thought that sports, exercise, and

fun could make people’s lives better.

In 1953, Eunice married Sargent Shriver.

Eunice had five children. But she still
found time to help people living with
intellectual disabilities.

Eunice ran the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.

Foundation. The foundation was a family
charity. The foundation looked for better ways
to help people with intellectual disabilities.
Stringer/Getty Images

In Other Words had time for. En español,

found time quiere decir halló tiempo.

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 Eunice’s brother
John F. Kennedy
was President of
the United States.
Eunice asked her
brother for help.
Eunice wanted
schools and training
programs for people
with intellectual
Eunice was there when
disabilities. President President Kennedy (left) signed
Kennedy agreed a bill to help people with
intellectual disabilities.
to help.

Bettmann/CORBIS
In 1963, President Kennedy signed a bill to
help with more schools and training programs.

THE KENNEDY BROTHERS

Many members of the Kennedy family were
involved in government. Eunice’s brother,
John F. Kennedy, became President of the United
States in 1961. He was president until 1963. He was
killed while in Dallas, Texas. Robert F. Kennedy
was U.S. Attorney General from 1961 to 1964. After
John’s death Robert ran for president. Robert was
killed in June 1968. Edward Kennedy was a U.S.
Senator for 47 years.

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 In 1962, Eunice wrote a magazine article.
The article was about growing up with
Rosemary. Eunice wrote that she was
horrified at how people with disabilities
were treated. She said that people with
intellectual disabilities could do many things.

At the time, people did not know much

John Loengard/Contributor/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

about intellectual disabilities. Eunice helped

people understand.

LEARNING FROM
ROSEMARY
“Those of us who have seen
children live in the shadows
know that a country as rich
as ours cannot possibly
justify this neglect.”

President John F. Kennedy

(1961)

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 Chapter 3 From Camp Shriver to
Special Olympics
Camp Shriver
was set up
as a place to
have fun and
play sports.

In 1962, the mother of a child with an

intellectual disability called Eunice on the
phone. The mother said that there were no
summer camps for her child. Eunice decided
to start a summer camp at her home.

The summer camp was called Camp Shriver.

Intellectually challenged children and their
families did not have to pay for the camp.
Eunice and her family would swim and play
ball with the children. Soon, more camps were
started around the country.
Special Olympics

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 The charity that Eunice ran paid for the
sports camps. The camps were a success.
Next, Eunice proposed holding a sports event
for children with disabilities. Children from all
over the country would participate.

The sports event became the Special

Olympics Games. The first Special Olympics
Games took place in 1968.
Special Olympics

THE FIRST SPECIAL

OLYMPICS GAMES
One thousand athletes
from 26 states and
Canada competed in
track and swimming.
There were 25 meter
swim races. Other
events were running
races, ball throws,
and long jump.

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 Eunice loved
sports. She
was a friend
to all Special
Olympics
athletes.
athlete

Eunice believed in the athletes that took

part in the first Special Olympics. She hoped
others would believe in them, too. Today, the
games continue to grow. Athletes in more than
171 countries take part in Special Olympics.
They train and compete. They do their best
to win.

The Special Olympics helped to change

people’s minds about the capabilities of
people who live with intellectual disabilities.
Special Olympics

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 Today, people with intellectual disabilities
go to school and get jobs. People with
intellectual disabilities are celebrated for
their achievements.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver made things better.

She spent her life working for people with
intellectual disabilities. She did not waver.

Language Their is a possessive pronoun.

Special Olympics

Detective Can you find another possessive

pronoun on this page?

“By your presence, you send a message to every

village, every city, every nation. A message of hope,
a message of victory. The right to play on any
playing field? You have earned it. The right to study
in any school? You have earned it. The right to hold
a job? You have earned it. The right to be anyone’s
neighbor? You have earned it.”

Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1987)

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 TIME LINE
1921 Born
Graduates from
1943
Stanford University
Moves to Chicago;
Nelson Mandela 1951 marries Sargent
Shriver, May 1953
Like Nelson Mandela, Eunice Becomes director
Kennedy Shriver sent a of the Joseph
1957
message of hope to the world. P. Kennedy, Jr.
Foundation
Eunice got many Brother John F.
awards. She was given Kennedy becomes
1961
President of the
the French Legion of
United States
Honor and the Presidential First Camp Shriver
1962
Medal of Freedom. She held
also received a World Intellectual
Disabilities Bill
Citizenship Award. 1963 signed, October 24
John F. Kennedy
Eunice Kennedy Shriver dies, November 22
died in 2009. Eunice Robert F. Kennedy
changed lives. Millions dies, June 6
1968 First Special
of people living with
Olympics held,
intellectual disabilities July 20
are now able to compete Presidential Medal
and to win. of Freedom
1984 awarded by
President Ronald
STOP AND CHECK
Reagan
What was Camp Shriver? 2009 Dies August 11
Special Olympics

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 Summarize Details

Summarize what you have

learned about how the author
feels about Eunice Kennedy
Shriver’s life. Use the Point of Point of View
View chart to help you.

Text Evidence
1. How do you know that Eunice Kennedy Shriver
is a nonfiction text? What kind of nonfiction
is it? How do you know? GENRE

2. How does the author feel about Eunice

Kennedy Shriver? What words or phrases in
the text tell you this? AUTHOR’S POINT OF VIEW

3. What does the word encouraged on page 6

mean? Use the prefix to help you figure out
the meaning. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

4. Write about the language the author uses to

tell you how he feels about Eunice.
WRITE ABOUT READING

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 Compare Texts
Read about a man who dedicated
his life to water safety.

The LifeSaver
Have you seen lifeguards at a pool or a beach?
They are there because of Bert Longfellow. Bert
helped to “waterproof” America.
In 1900, Bert wrote for a newspaper. Bert
wrote a lot of stories about people who had
drowned. At that time, people loved to have fun
and be daring in the water. But not many people
could swim. Bert was horrified that so many
people drowned.
(tr) Image Source/Punchstock, (bkgd) Ingram Publishing/SuperStock

Bert wanted to help. Bert became a volunteer

lifesaver. Volunteer lifesavers learned life saving
skills. They helped to rescue people who got into
trouble in the water.
Bert traveled the country to teach people to be
safe in the water.

16

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 Bert Longfellow (center) shows trainees
how to rescue people in the water.

Bert taught water safety until 1907. Then

a doctor told Bert that he was very sick and
needed to rest. Bert decided to spend time
outside everyday. The sunshine helped Bert
get better.
In 1912, Bert wanted to teach water safety to
(t) American Red Cross, (bkgd) Ingram Publishing/SuperStock

everyone in America. Bert worked with the Red

Cross to start a lifesaving service. Soon people
around the country were learning lifesaving from
the Red Cross.

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 Thanks to Bert there
were not as many
drowning deaths even
though more and more
people swam and played
in the water. People all
over the world began to
learn lifesaving from the
Red Cross. Today, the Red
Cross trains lifeguards
and teaches swimming to
people of all ages.
Red Cross lifeguards
watch pools, lakes,
and beaches to keep
swimmers safe.

(tr) Images-USA/Alamy, (br) Image Source/Punchstock,

(bkgd) Ingram Publishing/SuperStock

Make Connections
What made Bert Longfellow a good citizen?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How are Eunice Kennedy Shriver and Bert

Longfellow the same? TEXT TO TEXT
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 Glossary
achievements something done with great effort
and courage (page 13)

athletes people who are trained or skilled in

sports or games (page 2)

capabilities skills and strengths that can be used

and developed (page 12)

charity an organization that helps people who

are poor, sick, or face other challenges (page 7)

institutions places that care for people who are

unable to care for themselves (page 6)

intellectual disabilities conditions of the mind

that make it difficult for people to do or
understand things in the normal way (page 3)

Index
p
g

athletes, 2–4, 11, 12

g

Camp Shriver, 10
g

Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation, 7, 14

Kennedy, John F., 8, 9, 14
Kennedy, Rosemary, 4, 5, 6, 9
Sargent Shriver, 7, 14
Special Olympics, 3, 10–14

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 Purpose To make a time line of a person’s life.

What to Do
Step 1 Work with a partner. Choose somebody who
you think has been a good citizen. You can
look in books, the newspaper, or the Internet
to find a person to study.

Step 2 Find out about the life of the good citizen.

Step 3 Write down the key events in his or her life

that show that person is a good citizen.
Write the date for each event. Use the chart
to help you.

Date Event

Date Event

Date Event

Step 4 Put the events in the order they happened.

Make a time line about your good citizen.

Conclusion What did the time line teach you about

the life of your good citizen?
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 Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic
What is this book mostly about?

Sequence of Information
In what order does the author give
us the information in this book?

Key Vocabulary
What are the key words in
Eunice Kennedy Shriver that
relate to the topic?

Author’s Purpose
What is the author’s purpose for
writing Eunice Kennedy Shriver?

Make Connections
How is Eunice Kennedy Shriver like
other biographies you have read?

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 Good Citizens Social Studies

GR O • Benchmark 34 • Lexile [t/k]

Grade 3 • Unit 5 Week 4

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-119289-2
MHID 0-02-119289-8
99701
EAN

9 780021 192892
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