Task 1

The emergence of e-commerce when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since that
date thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites. Explain the difference
between e-business and e-commerce. [10
marks]

E-commerce is one aspect of an e-business. Any firm that utilises internet technology into its
business strategy is considered an e-business. It might be as basic as a physical business
employing social media marketing to increase consumer traffic. Even if no transactions take
place in such arrangement, the usage of web technology for commercial objectives qualifies it
as an e-company. Furthermore, an e-commerce business is one that provides an online
monetary transaction procedure, whereas an e-business is one that incorporates some form of
online technology into its business strategy. The primary beneficiary of e-commerce is the
client, who now has the option of making purchases online. The major beneficiary of an e-
business, on the other hand, might be the client, as well as business partners, suppliers, and so
on. Besides, e-commerce takes place entirely on the internet. E-commerce can take place on
the internet, intranet, or extranet. The fundamental distinction is that a corporation can be
classified as e-business even if it just employs internet technology within its walls.
Task 2
Electronic payments are commonly used through various transactions, such as online
payments. Explain the usage of electronic payment and provide two (2) type of cards.
[10
marks]

An electronic payment is a two-party digital transaction. Aside from the payment form itself,
electronic payments provide a variety of additional options for your business; they enable you
to collect payments in person, by phone, by email invoice, on a recurring basis, or through a
web payment form, as well as peripheral benefits such as automated receipts.

One of the most common sorts of electronic payments is credit card payments. A credit card
that has a magnetic strip installed in it that can be read by card readers and has an account
number attached to it. When a consumer uses a credit card to purchase anything, the credit
card issuer bank pays on the customer's behalf, and the customer has a certain amount of time
to pay the credit card bill. For credit cards, this is usually the monthly payment cycle.

Debit cards have a unique number that relates to a bank account number, just as credit cards.
Before acquiring a debit card from the bank, you must have a bank account. The primary
difference between a debit card and a credit card transaction is that with a debit card
transaction, the amount is immediately deducted from the card's bank account, and the bank
account must have sufficient balance to complete the transaction; with a credit card
transaction, there is no such compulsion. Clients no longer need to carry cash or cheques
while using debit cards.
Task 3
Intellectual property law exists in order to protect the creators and covers areas of copyright,
trademark law, and patents. Explain intellectual property law in Malaysia. [10
marks]

MyIPO is in charge of the development and management of Malaysia's intellectual property

system. The Trademarks Act 2019, the Patents Act 1983, the Copyright Act 1987, the
Industrial Designs Act 1996, the Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits Act 2000, the
Geographical Indications Act 2000, and related legislation are all administered and enforced
by MyIPO.

Patent / Utility Innovation, which is an exclusive right awarded for an invention, which is a
product or a method that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or gives a new
technological solution to a problem, is one of the four primary forms of intellectual property
laws in Malaysia. A utility innovation is an exclusive right given for a "small" invention that
does not have to pass the creativity test that a patent does.

Any symbol capable of being graphically depicted and capable of identifying goods or
services of one undertaking from those of another is referred to as a trademark. Signs with
any letter, word, name, signature, numerical, device, brand, header, label, ticket, form of
products or packaging, colour, sound, motion sequence, or any combination thereof. Other
forms of trademarks include collective markings and certification marks.

In addition, industrial design is the decorative or aesthetic component of a product. The

design can include three-dimensional elements like an article's form and arrangement, as well
as two-dimensional elements like pattern and decoration. The design elements must be
applied to a product using any industrial technique or method that makes the completed
article's qualities appealing to the eye. Furthermore, a geographical indicator (GI) is a label
that is applied to items that have a specific geographical origin and that have traits or a
reputation that are related to that location.
Task 4
Explain the ethical issues in E-commerce and requirements for security in electronic
commerce.
[10
marks]

Online privacy is one of the ethical issues in E-commerce, as most electronic payment
systems are aware of the buyer's identity. The tracking of corporation personnel is a privacy
problem. These customer monitoring tactics raise ethical questions about how e-commerce
companies manage secure and anonymous data. Web spoofing is also an Internet-related
technical deception. It occurs when an attacker develops a fake website that seems eerily
similar to the actual one in order to dupe users into providing sensitive information such as
credit card numbers. Users may be unaware that they are on a fake website and unknowingly
submit credit card information or other sensitive information.
E-commerce security refers to safeguarding e-commerce assets from unauthorised access,
use, modification, or destruction. One of the four basic parts of electronic commerce security
is integrity to prevent illicit data manipulation, which means ensuring that any information
provided by customers online remains intact.
Second, non-repudiation, which prevents one side from breaking a contract once it has been
made. Therefore, non-repudiation is a legal concept that requires participants in a transaction
not to dispute their acts. It verifies that the two players' message reaches the intended
receivers.
As a result, a party to a transaction cannot refuse to accept a signature, email, or purchase.
Finally, privacy includes avoiding any behaviour that leads to the sharing of customer data
with unauthorised third parties. Customers' personal information and account data should
only be accessible by the online merchant they chose.
Task 5
In an online marketplace, consumer transactions are processed by the marketplace operator
and then delivered and fulfilled by the participating retailers or wholesalers. Discuss five (5)
e-marketplace components. [10
marks]

The business model is one of the five marketplace components; a well-planned business
model allows the marketplace to run smoothly and without issues. To manage all procedures,
the business model should be solid and simple. If you wish to follow customer trends, you'll
need creative business concepts.
Building marketplace trust is essential. The only way to stand out in the online marketplace is
to gain the trust of your customers. To establish consumer loyalty, personnel must preserve
brand consistency, regardless of the brand or design.
In e-commerce, managing a huge number of transactions at the same time is one of the most
difficult tasks. An easy dashboard assists in controlling all of the processes that occur inside
the marketplace.
A steady flow of supply and demand, which, in the marketplace, requires careful
management of vendors or providers. You'll need a system in place to gather vendor data and
assess their capabilities, compliance, pricing, and risk.
It's crucial to analyse store performance since sales may assist you assess the quality of your
goods and the operation of your business. To increase your ecommerce sales, it's critical to
monitor the consumer conversion rate.
Task 6
Technologies such as smart card provide advantages for users. Smart cards are capable of
providing various facilities to accomplish daily errands.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantage of using smart card.

[15
marks]

Smart cards are more secure than any other financial or transaction card on the market
because they provide better security and anonymity. Another benefit of having a smart card is
that it allows the possessor to carry significant quantities of money stolen. They're also secure
since the cards can be readily changed, and accessing the store value requires knowing the
pin number. Card readers provide retailers, financial institutions, and other card issuers with a
number of benefits, including quicker transactions, more sales, lower expenses, better
bookkeeping, and fewer losses. Making a payment using a smart card saves time since the
chip contains non-encrypted information about the owner, and the user is not required to
provide these details explicitly for verification. Smart cards are a secure way to save keys,
passwords, and personal information.

Furthermore, smart cards have the drawbacks of being tiny, lightweight, and easily lost if the
user is careless. Because smart cards have various functions, their loss might be quite
inconvenient. Hardware hacking makes smart cards vulnerable to data corruption. Another
disadvantage of adopting smart cards is their security level. They're safer than swipe cards.
However, they are not as safe as some people imagine. When used as a payment card, not
every business or restaurant will have the required hardware. One reason for this is because
more secure technology is more expensive to create and use. As a result, some establishments
may charge a bare minimum cost for paying using smart cards rather than cash.
Task 7

National Higher Education Fund Corporation (PTPTN) provided education funding for
Malaysian students. Every student is required to repay PTPN loan upon completion of their
studies. There are several methods of repayment, such as electronic payment system.
Electronic payment systems offer new and more secure way of conducting payments. The
technical advancement offers security and payments could be made via computers, laptops
and smartphones.

Based on the above scenario, discuss payment method of PTPTN’s customers via internet
banking transactions. [15
marks]

There’s a few of methods to make payments online banking, such as via PTPTN’s site. To
make a quick and easy payment, go to PTPTN's site and check your loan amount and make a
payment via Financial Process Exchange (FPX). This is a payment gateway on PTPTN's
website that will take you to your bank's online banking interface to complete the transaction.
It's comparable to how you'd pay for online purchases on Lazada or other e-commerce sites.
Maybank, CIMB, Public Bank, and RHB are among the main banks that are supported. More
importantly, customer will not be charged any fees for paying through this method.
Furthermore, because most Malaysian banks accept PTPTN loan repayment on their online
banking portal, customers can make payments directly through their bank's online banking
platform. Customers can pay through two methods. The first is to go to the "pay bills" area
and search for "PTPTN" (step-by-step guidelines are provided for each bank). Customers will
be charged a modest fee ranging from RM0.50 to RM1.06 for paying using this method,
depending on the bank. You may also utilise the JomPAY service, which is Malaysia's
national bill payment programme, using your bank's online site. The best part is that there are
no fees associated with JomPAY.
Additionally, several government services are available via myPay PTPTN on the my Gov
mobile website. If you don't have access to a laptop, the PTPTN repayment option under
myGov is a mobile-friendly method to pay off your loan, so don't worry if you don't have
one. Simply click this link and you'll be able to pay off your loan in no time. Additionally,
you may use myPay PTPTN to raise your SSPN-i account deposits. However, keep in mind
that each transaction will cost you between RM0.50 and RM1.00.