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Accuracy and Errors

The document discusses numerical solutions to civil engineering problems. It covers various types of errors that can occur in numerical solutions, including inherent errors, round-off errors, truncation errors, absolute errors, relative errors, and percentage errors. Formulas are provided for calculating different types of errors. Examples are given to illustrate inherent errors, round-off errors, truncation errors, and formulas for absolute error, relative error, and percentage error.

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Sonny Mae Tubo
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50 views

Accuracy and Errors

The document discusses numerical solutions to civil engineering problems. It covers various types of errors that can occur in numerical solutions, including inherent errors, round-off errors, truncation errors, absolute errors, relative errors, and percentage errors. Formulas are provided for calculating different types of errors. Examples are given to illustrate inherent errors, round-off errors, truncation errors, and formulas for absolute error, relative error, and percentage error.

Uploaded by

Sonny Mae Tubo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 324 | NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

Accuracy
and
Errors
Presented by | PMAtienza
12 JULY 2023
Accuracy of
Numbers
TWO (2) TYPES OF NUMBERS:
1) Exact Numbers
example: 9, 22, 27, 1/2 = 0.5
2) Approximate Numbers
example: π = 3.14159…
1/3 = 0.33333...
PMAtienza | 2023
Errors in Numerical Solutions
1. Inherent Errors
2. Round-off Errors
3. Truncation Errors
4. Absolute Errors
5. Relative Errors
6. Percentage Errors
7. General Formula for Error
PMAtienza | 2023
1 | Inherent Errors
Errors which exist in the
problem either due to
approximate given data,
limitations of computing aids.
This can be minimized by
taking better data and using
high precision computing aids.
PMAtienza | 2023
WHAT ARE ROUND-OFF ERRORS?
These errors are due to rounding off the
numbers while process of computations.
The round off errors can be reduced by
doing the computations to stop on the
most significant digits of a number.
2 | Round-
EXAMPLE
off Errors Sometimes, we have numbers with a
large number of digits such as
9.27381234 which can be rounded off to
a significant figure 9.274.
= 9.27381234 – 9.274
PMAtienza | 2023 = -0.00018766 (Round-off Error)
These errors arise due to use of
approximate formula in computation or by
truncating the infinite series to some
approximate terms. The study of this type
of error is usually associated with the
problem of convergence of infiniteseries.

3 | Truncation Errors
PMAtienza | 2023
Truncation Errors | Example
TAYLOR SERIES (INFINITE SERIES)

PMAtienza | 2023
4 | Absolute Error & 5 | Relative Error
If X is true value of quantity and X’ is its
approximate value, then

a. Absolute Error, Ea= /X-X’/


example:
/7.5846712-7.585/= /-0.0003288/
= 0.0003288

b. Relative Error, Er= /X-X’/


/X/
example:
/7.5846712-7.585/ =/-0.00004335059376/
/7.5846712/
=0.00004335059376
PMAtienza | 2023
6 | Percentage Error
c. Percentage Error, Ep= /X-X’/ x 100
/X/
example:

/7.5846712-7.585/ x 100
/7.5846712/

=/-0.00004335059376/x100

= 0.004335059376

PMAtienza | 2023
7 | General Formula for Error

PMAtienza | 2023
7 | General Formula for Error
Example: Find relative maximum error in the function

PMAtienza | 2023
PMAtienza | 2023

CE 324
Numerical Solutions to CE Problems

FOR QUESTIONS AND


CLARIFICATIONS
(Respective Messenger group chats)

Thank you
very much!

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