St

eer
inggear

Q. Sketchahunt i
nggearasfi
tt
edtoahydraul
icsteer
inggear
,lev
eli
ngt
he
pr
inci
plei
tem anddescr
ibei
t’
soperat
ion&purpose.

Fi
g:Hunt
ingGear

Ans:
Themechanical
li
nkageoft
elemotor,
poweruni
t(pumpcont
rol
)andr
udder
st
ock(t
il
ler
)isknownashuntinggear
.

Hunti
nggearconsi stsof :
 Thel i
nkaget hrought hef l
oatinglev
eroftelemot or.
 Var iabl
ePump
 RudderSt ock
Functi
on:
 Themai nf unctionofhunt i
nggearist ocontrolthedel
iveryacti
onofpump.
Whenr udderr eachest odesi reangleitst
opst hepump.
 Thepumpcont roli
smov edbyt hetel
emot orthroughafloati
nglever.
 Ifther udderi sdispl
acedbyaheav yweat her/seacondi t
ionthroughli
fti
ng
thereli
efv al
ves, t
henhunt i
nggeari salsomov edbyrudderstock.Thiswill
putthepumponst r
oke&r udderwillberestoredtoit’
spreviousposit
ion.
Operat
ion:
 Tel emotormov esf l
oatingr odendAt oA1.
 So, pumpcont r
olismov edf r
om Bt oB1.
  Pumpi ngofhy dr
aulicoilcausesmov ementoft her ams.
 So, t
heendofr odCwi llmovetoC1.
 Thi scausest hepumpcont rolt
obepul l
edbackt otheneut r
al positi
onB.
Purposeofhunt i
nggear :
 Mov et hefloati
ngleversopumpi ngactioniscreated.
 Ret urnst hepumpcont r
olrodatmi dposi t
ionaf terstoppingt hewheel
t
urni
ngbyhel msman.
 Keept her udderatf ixedpositi
onatr oughseawher eruddercanmov eby
l
i
fti
ngt hereli
efvalves.
 Keept herudderatf ixedpositi
onunt ilthenextsignalcomet otelemot
or
r
eceiverfr
om wheel .
Q.Sketchar otaryvanest eeringgearanddescr i
beitsoper at
ingprinciple.

Fi
g:Rot
aryVaneSt
eer
ingGear

Ans:
Oper
ati
onpr incipleofr otar
yv anesteeringgear:
 Therot aryv anet y peisdesignedf ormaximum pressureofabout90bar.
 Thet hreev anet ypei susedf orrudderangleof70degr eeandf orlar
ger
angleat wov anet ypeisused.
 Herepumpact i
onaswel lashy drauli
cpressurewil
lactonal lvanesat
samesi de.
 Simultaneousl yfrom theoppositesi deofthevaneoilwil
lbedrai
nedout&
causet her otort or ot
ate.
 Asr otorkey edt ot her udderstock,t hemov ementofr ot
ormeant he
rot
ationoft her udder.
  Thus cor
rectand desi
rabl
e mov
ementofr
otorcan ensur
e suf
fi
cient
movementoftheship.

Q.Gi veadv antagesanddi sadv antagesofr ot

aryvanest
eeringgear
,itposses
compar edt other am t ype.
Ans:
Adv antagesofr otaryvanest eeringgear:
 Si mpl eindesi gnandeasymai ntenance.
 Spacesav ing&qui ckresponse.
 Ef fecti
v e
Disadv antagesofr otar
yv anest eeri
nggear :
 Hi gherf i
rstcost .
 Smal ltorquel imi
t .
 Shockabsor berrequired.
 Absor pti
on&t ransmi ssionoftorquereli
efi
sessent
ial
.

Q.Discusst hesaf etiesi ncor poratedi nt hesteeri

nggear
.
Ans:
Saf
etiesinst eeri
nggear :
 Lowl evelal arm &l evel gaugei nt hetank.
 Rel iefv alve.
 Ventcock&dr aincock.
 Aut omat icisol ation.
 Shockabsor berorr i
gidpi peconnect ion.
 St opper .
 Non- reversibl elocki nggearf ort hepump.
 Ar rangementofsuppl ytoatl eastonemot orf
rom t
heemer gencyswit
ch
boar d.
 Local &bridger udderi ndicati
on.
 Aut ost artofamot oraf teraf ailur
ewhenpoweri sr esumedwi t
hin45
seconds.
 Al armf ormot orov erload, r
emot ef ai
lur
e,st
eeri
ngfai
l
ure.
 100%ov erloadar rangementf ort hemot or
.
 Emer gencyoper ation.
 Twowaycommuni cation.
 Saf et ymat icVal v ebl ock.
  Dat
apl
ateaboutt
heemer gencysteer
ing.
 Twocomplet
elyi
ndependentl
ysystem oauxi
l
iar
yst
eer
ingsy
stem.

Q.Stat
ethechecksy oumakeonst eeri
nggearduringseawatch.
Ans:
Checksonst eer i
nggeardur ingseawat ch:
 Tankoi llevel&temper atur
e.
 Greasepoi nt.
 Pumppr essur e.
 Loadofr unningpump.
 Lubricationofmov i
nggear s.
 Anyl eakagei nthesy stem.
 Fil
terindication.
 Communi cati
on.
 Steeringgearr oom bilge&cl eanl
iness.
 Wat erti
ghtdoor .
 Fir
eext inguishers.
 Temper at ureofmot orbody .
 Noisel i
mi t.
 Exhaustf anofsteeri
nggearr oom tobeinr
unningcondi
ti
on.
Q.Draw al inedi agram oft hehy draul
icsy st
em foraram typest
eer
inggear
,
l
abeli
ngthepr incipleit
ems.
Ans:
 Fig: Ram t ypest eeringgear
Q.Descr i
bet heoper ationofr am typest eer i
nggear .
Ans:
Operati
onofr am t y pest eeringgear(4r am) :
 Uponr eceiv ingt hehel m signalbyt elemot orr eceivert
hecont r
olspindleof
pumpmov esaccor dingly.
 Thuspumpi sputi nst roke.Let‘ A’bet hesuppl yordel i
very&‘ B’bet he
drainorsuct ion.
 Hy draulicoi lwi llbesuppl i
edt ocy li
nder1, 4.Si multaneouslyoi lwi l
lbe
drainedf rom cy l
inder2, 3.
 Asar esul tt het ill
er&t her udderst ockwi l
lt urnanticl
ockwi sewhi chwe
canassumet obest arboardst eeringoft hev essel.
 Rel iefv al
v er el i
eft hesuddenov erpr essur e.
 Si mi l
arly,whenduet omov ementofcont rolspi ndlei nthedi r
ection‘ A’
becomesdr ain&‘ B’ becomessuppl y.
 Ther udderwi ll t
ur ntheot herwayt hatispor tst eeri
ng.
 Whent hei sol ati
ngconnect ioni scl osed,by passconnect ionisopened
&vice-versa.
Q.It
emi zet het esty ouwoul dcar ryoutonast eeringgearbef oreleavi
ngpor t
.
Ans:
Testonst eeringgearbef oreleavingpor t
:
 Oper ationofmai nst eeringgear .
 Oper ation ofauxi l
iary steer i
ng gear( 15 degr ee por tt o 15 degr ee
starboar d).
 Oper ationofr emot econt r
ol system.
 Oper ationofst eer i
nggearusi ngt heemer gencysuppl y .
 Rudderangl ei ndi cator’sperformance.
 Al lalarmf i
tt edt ost eer i
nggearsy st em.
 Communi cat i
onbet weenst eeringr oom andnav i
gati
ngbr i
dge.
 Aut omat icisol ati
ngar r
angement .
Q.Briefl
ydescr ibehowt het orquei st r
ansmi ttedtot herudderst ockinar am &
rot
aryv anest eer ing.
Ans:
Ram t ypest eer inggeart orquet ransmi tted whenhy drauli
coi lpumpedt oa
cyl
inderthenthatcy li
nderwi l
lpressur
izeandt her am willpushthecross-
head.
Ast hecross-headi sconnect edwi t
ht het i
l
lerar m,itwi l
lconverttheli
near
mov ementofther am i
ntorotar
ymov ementoft hetill
erarm.
Rot
aryv anet ypest eeri
ng geart or
quet r
ansmi t
ted when hydraul
i
c’oil
pumpedt ot hev ane&hy drauli
cpressurewillactonal lvanesatt hesamesi de
andf rom t
heopposi t
esi devanesoilwillbedr ai
nedout .Askeymechani sm is
connectedwi t
ht her udderstock& rotor,themov ementofr ot
ormeanst he
rot
ationofrudder.

Q.Whati st hepur poseofr uddercar r

ierbear i
ng?
Ans:
Purposeofr uddercar ri
erbear i
ng:
 Takest hewei ghtofher udderonagr easel ubri
cat edt hr
ustf ace.
 Coni calsit&si dewal lofthebear ingwi lll
ocatet her udderstock.
 Li ft
ingoft her udder&st ockbyheav yweat heri spr eventedbyj umping
stops.
 I tprov i
desgl andpacki ngwhi chpr ev
entwat erent er i
ng.
Q.Explainhowt hef ollowi ngachi ev edinanel ect
ro-hydraul i
cst eeri
nggear .
Ans:
a)Reliefofov erpr essur eint heram cy l
inder:
 Rel iefofov erpr essur eint her am cy li
nderisachi evedbyt her eli
efval
ve
whichi sf it
tedt hr ought hepi pesconnect edbetweent heopposi ngr am.
 I fthepr essur eint hesy stem r i
ses10%abov et henor mal,thev al
v el
if
ts.
Lettingt her uddergi vewaywhensubj ecttosev ereseaact i
on.

b)Replacementofhy drauli
coilcausedbymi norleakagesf r
om glands:
 Minorl eakagef rom glandsisr eplenishedf rom ar eserv
eoi lt
anknamed
repleni
shingt ank.
 Anyl eakagel eadst oent erhydraulicoi lbyanon-r eturnvalv
ef r
om the
repleni
shingt ank.
 Nor mallybygr avit
yoilcomest ot hesy stem f r
om tankandt husmakesup
themi norleakage.
Q.Whatar ethest ops?Wher ear etheyf i
tted&whatangl es?
Ans:
Rudderstops:
 Thesear ethest opswhi chlimitinwhi cht heruddercanbemov edbygear
  Theyarei
nthr
ee:
i
)Exter
nalr
udderst
op

i
i)St oponst eeringgear
i
ii)Stopont elemot or.
Exter
nal Stop:
 Theyar efi
ttedt otheshi p’shul lext
ernally.
 Theyl imittheangl emov ementoft her udderby39degr eeeachwayf r
om
themi dposition.
Stoponst eeri
nggear :
 Theyar efi
ttedont hejoist.
 Theyl i
mitmov ementofr amsby37 degr eeeach wayf rom t
hemi d
posi t
ion.
Stopont elemot or:
 Theyar efi
ttedt othetelemot orreceiver.
 Theyl i
mitthemov ementoft hecont rolspindleofthetel
emotorrecei
ver
by35degr eeeachwayf rom mi dposition.
Q.Statet heI MOr egul ati
onf orr equirementofst eeringgear.
Ans:
I
MOr egulati
onf orsteeringgear:
1Shipmusthav eamai n&auxil
iaryst
eeringgear .
2Mai nsteeringgearmustbeabl etomov efullport
(35degr ee)tof ul
lst arboar
d(35degr ee)inabout
30secondswi t
hv essel atf
ull
speed.
3Theauxi l
i
ar ysteeringgearmustbecapabl et o
mov et her udderfrom 15degr eeonesi det o15
degreeont heot hersi dein60secondatf ul
l
drafts.
4The emer gencysuppl yi sto be automat icall
y
connect ed within 45 seconds ofmai n supply
fai
lure.And mustbe capabl e ofcont i
nuous
operati
onf or30mi nutes.
 5Mai nst eer
inggearmustbeabl et ost
eertheshi p
atmaxi mum aheadser vi
cespeed.
6Hy draulicsy stem should employnon-f reezing
fl
uid.
7Ifwor kingtil
lerisofnotspecialdesi
gn&st rength
thent wot i
ll
erort heirequi
val
entsarerequi
red.
8Mov i
ngpar tsofst eeri
nggearmustbeguar ded.
9Poweroper atedgearmustbef it
tedwithadev ice
tor el
iefshock.
10Electricalloads and f uses areto all
ow 100%
over l
oad.
Q.Expl ainwhyt her angeofturni
ngofr udderisrestr
ict
edto0-30degree?
Ans:
From v arioustypesoft estsonship’smov ementdependinguponthemov ement
oft heruderi tisfoundt hatmaximum ef f
ici
encyofar udderi
sobtainedwheni t
turnswi thintherangeof0-30degr ee.Aft
erthisrangetheeff
ici
encyofar udder
startstor educe.
So, therangeoft urningofrudderi
sr est
ri
ctedto0-30degree.

Q.Explai
nhowwor npi ni
nhunt inggearaffectthesteeringoperati
on.
Ans:
1. I tcausest her udder&gear stor emai ninoper at
ionwhent hehelmis
stat i
onary.
2. H. G.wi l
lnotbeabl et otransmitsi
gnal eff
ecti
vely.
Q.Incaseofcompl et elyhydraulicst
eeringgearsy stem st
atestheeff
ects:
Ans:
Ai
rinthesy stem:
 Det ectivesteering,impr opermov ementoft hegeari naccordancewi
th
bridgesi gnal
.
 Timel ags,i
rregularoperation&imbal ancebetweent heunit
s.
 Jer ki
ngofpr essur egauge&Jer kyoper at
ionofgears.
Possi
blesour ceofairent ry:
 Nooi linthereplenishingtank.
  Gl andsar el eaking,l
oosegl andt i
ghtening.
 Anyl eakagei nt hesystem.
Remedy :
1)Purgeai rfrom t hesystem,
2)Keepai rv entingcockopenf orfewmi nutesuntiloilcomesout
?
Leakagei nthesy stem:
 Oi ll
oss, hazar douswor kingcondi t
ioninsteer i
ngflat
 Faul t
yoper ationduet oairingressthrought heleakage.
 Sluggishr uddermov ement .
 Noi se&v ibrationfr
om t hep/pi fl
eakagei stoomuch.
Remedy :Stopt hel eakage;refil
lthelossofoi lduet oleakage.

Q.Whatwi llbey ouract i

onasanE. O. W(engi neerofwat chkeepi ng)whendut y
officerinformf ailur eofst eeri
ngwher etheshi pisinf ul
lspeed.
Ans:
1)I nfor
mt heC/ E.
2)Sl owdownengi nespeed.
3)St artemer gency/st andbygener atorforpossi bl
epowerr equi rement .
4)Gof orat hor oughcheck, ifrequiredchangeov erthemanual oper ation
5)Communi catewi thbr i
dges, ifrequi r
edst artemergencyst eering.
Q.I ncaseofpowerst eer i
ng,st atet hevar i
ousmeansoft ransmi ssionofsignal
from br i
dget ost eer ingroom.
Ans:
Tel emot orsy stem i snor mal l
yusedt ot ransmi tsignalfrom br i
dget ost
eering
room.Di f
ferentt y pes oft el
emot orsy stem ar e Hy drauli
ct elemot orsystem,
Electro-hydraulict elemot orsy stem,pur eel ectr
ictelemotorsy stem,Mechani cal
telemot orsy stem.
Exceptt hesei ncaseoff ail
ureoft el emotorsy stem signalcanbet ransmit
tedby
meansofwal kiet alkie;emer gencyphonepubl i
caddr essetc.

Q.WhatisBufferspr i
ng?
Ans:
Buff
erspri
ng:Thebuf ferspri
ngint
hehuntinggearli
nkageisprov
idedt otakeup
anyexcessmov ementbey ondthemaxi mum strokeoft hep/p.Theseex t
ra
movement&st oredbyt hecompressedspringandusedt oresetitselfasthe
hunti
nggearapproachest he“noef
fectpoi
nt”Ital
sotakesuptheeffectofheavy
seasontherudder .
Q.Purposeofsteeringgear.
Ans:
Thesteer
inggearpr
ovidesamov ementofther udderi
nr esponsetoasi
gnal
fr
om t
hewheelhouseforcont
rol
l
ingshi
p’sdi
rect
iontosteertheship.

Q.Wr i
tedownt hePri
ncipalofHydr
aul i
cTel emot orsyst
em.
Ans:Itconsist
sofat r
ansmitt
eront hebr idgeandar ecei
verconnect
edtothe
del
iver
yp/ pthr
ought hehunti
nggear.Tr ansmitt
erandr ecei
verareconnect
edby
sol
id drawn copperpi pes.Liqui
d di splaced i nthe Transmitt
ercauses a
cor
respondingdispl
acementinthereceiverandt he
Pumpcont rol
.

Q.Descr
ibeaboutt
hechar
gingsy
stem?
Ans:

Fi
rstweconsidercleaning:Forcl
eaning
1) The r epleni
shing and chargi
ng Tk.are drained,cl
eaned and washed
t
hrought hecleanoil
.
2) The l owerpar toft he steer
ing t
elemotoris drai
ned and cl
eaned vi
a
i
nspectiondoor sandwashedt hr
oughwithcleanoil
3) Thesy stem oi lwillhav ebeendr ai nedi fatt hel owestpoi nt.
Nowweconsi dert hechar gingsy stem:
1) Openal l aircocks.
2) A const antheadmustbemai nt ainedatal lt i
meot her wi seai rmaybe
admi ttedi nt hesy st em.
3) Aspr i
ngl oadedv / vi spr ovidednor mal lyint her eturnl i
net ot hechar ging
tankt opr ev entoi lbackf l
ow f r
om t hehi ghestpoi nt(steer ingt elemot or)
andgi v i
ngai rent r
yandv acuum pr oblems.
4) Thest eer i
ngwheeli sputt ot hemi dposi tion, by-passv alv eopen, charging
shutof fv /vopen
5) Wi t
ht hehandchar gingp/ pst artpumpi ng.
6) Pumpunt i
l replenishi ngt anki sf ull andal lairclearatst eer ingt elemot or.
7) Cl oseshutof fv/vandai rcock.
8) Repeatt hepr ocedur ef ort her ecei vert elemot or,unt i
lallairi scl earandoi l
returnst ot hechar gi ngt ank.
9) Cl osechar gingv alv es, closeby -
passandopenchar gi
ngshutof fv alve.
Thegeari snowr eadyf ort est ing,
1)Forl eaks
2)Mov ementateach r ecei ver cor responds i n di rect i
on and
amount .
3)Ther ei sdef initelynoai ri nt hesy stem.
Q.Whyr eli
efv / var epr ov i
dedaswel lasshockv /vs.
Ans:
Reli
efv /vsar ef ittedbet weent het woopposi ngr am.Theyar edesi gnedt ol i
ftup
whenpr essur er isest oabout10per centabov et henor mal .
Whenanyshockduet or oughseaonanyot hermat teront her udderst ock,then
thi
sshockwi ll bet r
ansmi ttedt ot her ams.Whi chmaycausesser iousdamageon
ramsofst eeringgear .
Undert hiscondi tiont her el i
efv /vwi llliftandby -passt hehy draul i
coi lf r
om one
cyl
indert oot hercy l
i
nderal lowi ngt her amst omov ef reely.Int hiswayr eli
efv /
v
avoidthenor malshockofr amst omov ef reely.I nt hiswayr eliefv /vav oidthe
normal shockofr ams.That ’
swhyr eliefv /vi sf i
ttedaswel lshockv al
ve.

Q.Whyt hisiscal
ledconst
antspeed,v
ariabl
estr
oke.
Thist er
m constantspeed,vari
able st
roke i
s used forvari
able del
i
ver
yoi
l
pressurep/p.
Thistypeofp/pisdri
venbyanelect
ri
cshunt-motoratconst
antspeed.
Whenamov ementont hewheelisgivenwit
ht hefl
oatingl
everlinkage,t
hep/ p
str
oke contr
olleverposit
ion wil
lchange accordi
ngly.Thus pumpi ng act
ion
occursi
nonedirecti
on.
Whent hewheelmov ementisopposite,t
henpumpi ngactionalsor ever
se,but
speedinthebot
hcasewi l
lbesame.
Forthi
sreasont
hisp/ pi
sconstantspeedvar
iablest
roke.

Q.Pr opertiesoft elemot orf l

uid.
Ans:
Goodqual itymi ner allubri
catingoili
susedwi ththef ol
lowingpr oper
ties:
1)Hi ghf lushpoi nt.
2)Lowpourpoi nt
3)noncor rosi v
e
4)nonsl udgef or mi ng
5)goodl ubr icatingpr operties
6)l owv i
scosi t
yt or educef ri
ctionaldrag,butnottoot hintomakegl andseali
ng
di
f fi
cult.
Typi calpr oper t
ieswoul dbeDensi t
y=880kg/ m3 (at15.50c)
Viscosi ty=12CST.( At500c )
0
Fl
ushpoi nt=150c
Pourpoi nt=-300c
Q.Wi thref erencet ost eer
inggearmechani sm explainsinglefail
ureconcept?
Ans:
si
ngl ef ail
ur econcepthasr elationwithhydraul
icsystem-
 Due t o st eer i
ng f ail
ure numberoft ankerv esselwas pol l
uted t
he
env ironment .
 onnewt ankerofonel acdeadwei ght&abovemusthav ecompl et
e
Hy draulic sy stem.Ther e wi l
lbe t wo compl ete hy draul
ic systems.Wher e
i
nter connect edci rcuitwithaut omaticisol
ati
ononef rom anot her.

Q.Describetheemer gencyaction:
1.Dest r
uctionbyfir
eoft el
emot orli
nes.
2.Dest r
uctionbyfir
eofpr i
mar ysupplycable.
Ans:
Case-1:When-tel
emtort r
ansmi t
ter,r
eceiverhasprobl
em t
hentakepinoutf
rom
recei
verunitandfixittoemer gencyunit.Whichcanbeoperat
edlocal
lyorf
rom
poordeckmeansofcommuni cationtel
ephone.
Case-
2:I
fpr
obl
em i
sinpump,
bear
ingf
ail
urei
nrunni
ngp/
p,mot
or,
ram,
hunt
ing
gear
.

 Thenopenbypass
 Dir
ectst
eer
ingfr
om poopdeck.

Fig
Q.St eeri
ngfoll
owupandnon- foll
owupsy st
em
Ans:
Followupsy stem:
Theangl eamountt hr
oughwhichther uddert
urnsisdependentupontheamount
ofst eeri
ngwheel .Hunti
nggearitcompr i
sedwithhunt
inggeararrangement
.Or
Wi t
ht hesesystem mov ementoftherudderfoll
owsthemov ementoft he
steeringcont
rollerhunti
nggeararrangement.

Non-fol
lowupsy stem:
Therudderwillmoveaslongasthecont
rolishel
dinanactuat
ingposi
ti
onand
wil
lstopwheni ti
smov edbacktoof
fposit
ionorthegearhasr
eachedthehand
overposit
ion.
Ti
medependentst eeri
ngsystem.Or

Wi t
hthesesyst
em t
hegearwi l
l r
un&t her udderwi l
lcont
inuetoturnwhi l
et he
steeri
ngwheelorot
hercontrol
lerismov edf r
om it’
scentralposi
tion.
Ruddermov ementi
sstoppedonl ywhent hest eeri
ngcontroli
scent er
edonce
again.Nohunti
nggear.
Q.Explai
nautomati
csy st
em.
Ans:
Wi t
hthesesyst
em,thecontr
olcircui
tsarecont r
oll
edbysignalsreceivedfrom
themastercompass,sothatshipisautomat icall
yheldont osel
ectedcour se.

Q.Whati
shunt
inggear
?
Ans:
I
tisfeedbackmechani
sm ofst
eeri
nggear
,whi
chreposi
ti
ont
hef
loat
ingl
everof
hydr
auli
cpumpast heti
ll
ermovestot
hedesi
redposi
ti
on.

Q.Safetydev
iceforsteeringgear?
Ans:
Hunti
nggear,
Bufferspring,Angleadj
ust
ingstop(Handoverposi
ti
onlimi
t
swit
ch),
Doubleshockv alve,Rel
i
efval
ve,Tanklev
elalar
m( oi
l
),ov
erloadal
arm.

Q.Indi
cat
ionofairi
nthesystem?
Ans:
Dampingpressur
egauge,Unsmoothoper
ati
on,
Def
ect
ivest
eer
ing.

Q.Effectofairi
nt hesyst
em?
Ans:
Airbeingcompressibl
egivesunbal
ancedbetweent
her
am
andirregul
aroperati
onwhichcanbedangerous.

Q.Emergencysteer i
nggearoper ation?
Ans:
Incaseoftel
emot orfai
lure.Switchingt hechangeov erpi
ncancarr
yout
emergencysteer
ingisolati
ngt her eceiv
ercyli
nderanddi r
ectl
ycont
rol
li
ngt
he
connect
ingrodoft hesteeri
ngpumpl ever.
Emergencyrudderangleindicatorandcommuni cat
ionsystem t
obri
dgepr
ovi
ded
attheemergencyposi t
ion.

Q.Typesofusedi nhy dr
auli
csteeri
nggearsy
stem?
Ans:
Motordri
ven,constantspeed,Var
iabl
estr
okedeli
ver
ypumps.Ther
ear
etwo
desi
gns.
Radi
al pi
stontype,(
HeleShawpump)
Axi
alpistontype(Swashplat
epump)

Q.Purposeofbuff
erspr
ing?
Ans:
Topreventthedamageofthecont
rol
syst
em.

Q.Requirementsf orsteeringgear?
Ans:
Tomov et herudderi neit
herdirect
ioninstantl
ywhenr equi
red.
Shouldcomet orestimmedi atelyi
nt heposit
ioncorr
espondingtothe
positi
oni ndicatedont hebri
dge.
Provisi
onmustbemadet oprotectthesteeri
nggearfrom damageshould
beaheav yseast r
iketherudder.
Thedesi gnshoul dbesi mpletheconst ructi
onrobustanditsperf
ormance
reli
ableatal lt
imes.
Q.Purposeofswivelbl
ock?
Ans:
Toconvertl
inermovementoft
her
amst
other
otar
ymov
ementt
othet
il
lerar
ms
andtherudderst
ocks.

Q.Expl
ainWardLeonar
dsystem?
Ans:
I
tisonetypeofel
ect
ri
calst
eeri
nggearsystem.Whi
chcont
rol
thespeedofDC
motorf
rom zer
otomaximum inei
therdi
recti
on.

Q.Inf
ourr am t y
pesteeri
nggearsy st
em, whatwilly
oumakei nservi
cewhen
onecyl
inderdamage?
Ans:
I
fonecy li
nderdamage, f
ourram steeri
nggearcanbeusedast woram
typest eeri
nggear.
Firstplacetherudderatmidposition.
I
sol atethecir
cuitval
veof2-cyl
inderinl
et,oneisdefect
iveandotherone,
butt heyarenotindiagonal
positionopent hevent
satthosecyli
nder.

Q.Purposeofbuf ferspr i
ng?
Ans:
Di
ffer
enti
alfunction:
Absorbt hedifferencebetweenthesteeri
ngor derspeedsandfoll
owup
speed.
Protect
ingfunct ion
Absorbt hemov ementofthesteeri
ngwheel ifiti
smi shandl
edwhent he
hydraul
icpumpst oppi
ng.Absorbthemov ementoft hecontrol
leverwhen
rudderdrif
ts.
Absorbt hev i
brationandshocksfrom therudder.