Y4 Autumn Block 2 SOL Addition and Subtraction

Autumn Block 2
Addition and subtraction
© White Rose Maths 2022

Year 4 | Autumn term | Block 2 – Addition and subtraction
Small steps
Step 1 Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s
Step 2 Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange
Step 3 Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange
Step 4 Add two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange
Step 5 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – no exchange
Step 6 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – one exchange
Step 7 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange
Step 8 Efficient subtraction

Year 4 | Autumn term | Block 2 – Addition and subtraction
Small steps
Step 9 Estimate answers
Step 10 Checking strategies

Year 4 | Autumn term | Block 2 – Addition and subtraction | Step 1
Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s
Notes and guidance Key questions

In Year 3, children explored adding and subtracting 1s, 10s • If you know 2 + 4 = 6, what else do you know?
and 100s to/from any 3-digit number, including using a mental
strategy when crossing a multiple of 10 or 100
• How will you partition ? Why?
In this small step, children recap this learning and extend their
• Will the value in the ones/tens/hundreds/thousands column
increase or decrease? By how much?
understanding to dealing with 4-digit numbers and adding and
subtracting multiples of 1,000. The focus is on mental rather than • Which place value columns have changed/stayed the same? Why?
written strategies, which are covered later in the block. • What is the inverse of subtracting 300?
It is important to explore the effect of either adding or subtracting
a multiple of 1, 10, 100 or 1,000 by discussing which columns Possible sentence stems
always, sometimes and never change. For example, when adding
a multiple of 100, the ones and tens never change, the hundreds • The next/previous multiple of 10/100/1,000 is
always change and the thousands sometimes change, depending
on the need to make an exchange.
• I can partition into and because …
• The value of the column will increase/decrease by
Things to look out for

• Children may identify the incorrect place value column,
National Curriculum links
particularly if they are using plain counters in a place
value chart, for example 3,469 – 300 = 469 or 3,439 • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
• Confusion may arise with zero as a placeholder.
where appropriate
• Children may find crossing the next or previous multiple • Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts,
challenging. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Complete the part-whole models and number sentences. • Amir and Whitney are using number lines to add and subtract.
3,825 + 400 =
2+4= 20 + = 60 + 200 + 200 400
Amir
200 200
3,825 4,025 4,225
3,825 – 50 =
+ = – 30 – 20 50
+ = Whitney
20 30
3,775 3,805 3,825
Use this method to work out the calculations.

What do you notice?
2,418 + 6 2,418 + 800 2,418 + 90
• Use a place value chart to help you complete the number sentences.
2,418 − 30 2,418 − 9 2,418 − 700
1,364 + 3 = 1,364 − 1 =
1,364 + 30 = 1,364 − 60 =
• There are 1,286 patients and doctors in a hospital.
1,364 + 300 = 1,364 − 200 = 300 patients leave after being treated.
Another 90 patients arrive.
1,364 + 6,000 = 1,364 − 1,000 =
7 doctors leave.
What do you notice? What stays the same and what changes? How many patients and doctors are in the hospital now?

Reasoning and problem solving
Here is a number on a place

If I add value chart.
or subtract a multiple Ron is partially
of 10, the only place correct. However, Th H T O
value columns that might the thousands
change are the tens
may also change,
and hundreds.
e.g.
Do you agree with Ron? 1,983 + 30 = 2,013
Explain your reasons. multiple possible

answers, e.g.
I am going to 2,892, 3,792,
add two counters to a 3,882, 3,891
Rosie is finding the missing column and then remove 1,092
number in – 300 = 2,895 Rosie has one counter from
subtracted 300 a column.
from the answer
2,895 – 300 = 2,595 rather than using
the inverse.
What mistake has Rosie made? 3,195

What number could Tiny have now?
Work out the missing number.

Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

In Year 3, children used the formal written method to add two • How can you represent the question using base 10?
2- or 3-digit numbers, with up to two exchanges. In this block,
that learning is extended to include 4-digit numbers. In this small
• How can you put these numbers into a place value chart?
step, they add 3- or 4-digit numbers with no exchanges, using • Does it matter which columns you add together first?
concrete resources as well as the formal written method. • Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to make
The numbers being added together may have a different number an exchange?
of digits, so children need to take care to line up the digits • What do you write in the tens column if there are no tens?
correctly. Even though there will be no exchanging, the children
should be encouraged to begin adding from the ones column.
When working within each column, ask, “Do you have enough
Possible sentence stems
ones/tens/hundreds to make an exchange?” This will prepare
them for future small steps where exchanging will be necessary.
• ones added to ones is equal to ones.
• added to is equal to
• I have ones, so I do/do not need to make an exchange.

• Children may not line up the digits in the place value
columns correctly.
• Children may assume they should start adding from left to
right. Be careful as this may appear to be a good strategy • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
given there are no exchanges required in this small step.
where appropriate
• Children may not use zero as a placeholder when there

• Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts,
are no hundreds, tens or ones. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Use counters and a place value chart to work out 3,256 + 2,532 • Fill in the missing numbers.
Th H T O
Th H T O
3 2 5 6 707 7,070
+ 2 5 3 2
405
+ 3,194
1,052 5,945
• Complete the additions.

• Work out the missing numbers.
Th H T O Th H T O
4 1 3 5 3 1 4 2 Th H T O
+ 2 6 1 4 + 5 3 7 4 6
+ 2 5 1
7 8 9
Th H T O Th H T O
5 0 8 1 2 7 0 6 • Tommy walks 3,420 m.
+ 3 7 0 4 + 1 0 3 Eva walks 356 m.

How far do they walk altogether?

Tiny works out 1,234 + 345 Dani and Aisha are raising
money for charity.
Dani raises £2,304 and Aisha
The answer raises £1,695
is 4,684
How much money have they
raised altogether?
Scott and Tom are also raising money
for charity. £3,999
So far, Scott has raised £1,423 and
1,579 Tom has raised £121 more than Scott.
£2,967
How much have Scott and Tom
raised altogether? (Tom: £1,544)
121
Scott
What mistake has Tiny made? Tom
What is the correct answer?

Compare methods with
a partner.

Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Building on the previous small step, children now add two 4-digit • How many thousands/hundreds/tens/ones are there altogether?
numbers with one exchange in any column. In Year 3, they
explored 3-digit addition with up to two exchanges, so they
• What is more than ?
should be familiar with the process. • Does it matter which columns you add together first?
The numbers can be made using concrete manipulatives such as • Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to make an exchange?
place value counters in a place value chart, alongside the formal
written method. When discussing where to start an addition, it
• When exchanging 10 hundreds, where do you put the thousand?
is important to use language such as begin from the “smallest

value column” rather than the “ones column” to avoid any Possible sentence stems
misconceptions when decimals are introduced later in the year.
After each column is added, ask, “Do you have enough ones/
tens/hundreds to make an exchange?” This question will be an • added to is equal to

important one in this small step, as the children do not know
which column will be the one where an exchange is needed. • I have hundreds, so I do/do not need to make
an exchange.
Things to look out for • I can exchange 10 for 1

columns correctly.
• Children may not add up from the smallest value column, • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
and so will not be able to exchange correctly.
where appropriate
• Children may not use zero as a placeholder when there are

no hundreds, tens or ones. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Kim uses counters to find the total of 3,356 and 2,435 • Find the sum of 6,825 and 1,344
Th H T O
• Brett has 3,436 marbles.
Th H T O Huan has 1,293 more marbles than Brett.
3 3 5 6 How many marbles does Huan have?
+ 2 4 3 5
1,293
+ 5 7 9 1
1
Brett 3,436
Huan
Use Kim’s method to work out the additions.
3,356 + 2,437 3,356 + 2,473 3,356 + 2,743

• Esther has 1,214 stickers.
Sam has 1,123 more stickers than Esther.
How many stickers do they have altogether?
• Complete the bar models.

Esther 1,214
1,123
?
3,535 2,634 3,264 1,655
Sam
1,185 405 • Eva has 1,434 pennies.
5,807 2,360 Tom has 1,158 more pennies than Eva.

How many pennies does Tom have?

Tiny completes this addition. Dexter adds a 4-digit number

to a 2-digit number.
Th H T O
4 0 8 6
The answer
+ 1 5 3 2 5,618 is 9,090
5 5 1 9
1
multiple possible
What mistake has Tiny made?
answers, e.g.
Find the correct answer.
9,025 + 65
9,040 + 50
Th H T O
What is the missing 4-digit number? 8,991 + 99
+
Th H T O 9 0 9 0
2,554
+ 6 3 9 5
8 9 4 9
What could Dexter’s numbers be?

Add two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange

Building on the previous small step, children now add two 4-digit • How many ones/tens/hundreds/thousands are there in total?
numbers with more than one exchange.
• What is more than ?
The numbers are made using place value counters in a place • Does it matter which columns you add together first?
value chart alongside the formal written method. The addition
begins from the smallest value column. After each column is
• Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to make an exchange?
added, ask, “Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to make

• How can you make an exchange in more than one column in the
same addition?
an exchange?” This question is important at every stage as there
will be more than one exchange to make. With more than one
exchange, it is important to model the correct place to write the Possible sentence stems
number exchanged and to add it to the next column.
Things to look out for • plus plus the 1 that I exchanged from the last
column is equal to
columns correctly, especially the digits created • I have hundreds/tens/ones, so I do/do not need to make
by exchanging. an exchange.
• Children may forget to add from the smallest value

column first. National Curriculum links
• Children may not realise that two digits that look as
• Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
though they will not total enough to make an exchange formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
could do so once an exchange has happened, for where appropriate
example 5 + 4 plus an extra 1 exchanged from the
previous column. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Nijah uses place value counters to help her work out • Jack uses place value counters to work out 1,945 + 1,257
4,673 + 1,518
Th H T O
Th H T O
Th H T O Th H T O
4 6 7 3 1 9 4 5
+ 1 5 1 8 + 1 2 5 7
6 1 9 1 3 2 0 2
+ 1 1
+ 1 1 1

Use Nijah’s method to work out the additions. Use Jack’s method to work out the additions.
Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O 4,893 + 1,758 3,546 + 1,794 2,305 + 1,896

3 2 7 5 5 9 3 4 1 7 7 2
+ 6 1 5 6 + 2 2 4 6 + 2 2 5 0
• White Rose FC are playing a football match against

Red Rose Rovers.
2,438 fans come to watch White Rose FC.
• Complete the additions.
1,765 fans come to watch Red Rose Rovers.
4,507 + 1,648 4,507 + 674 4,507 + 95 How many fans come to watch the match altogether?

Alex is working out this addition. Teddy works out 3,218 + 1,354
Th H T O Th H T O When adding two

1 3 6 4 3 2 1 8 numbers together,
+ 1 2 3 7 + 1 3 5 4 the greatest digit
that can be carried
2 over is 1
How do you know that Teddy’s

I think there answer cannot be correct?
No
will be only one exchange in
this calculation because only
4 + 7 is greater than 9
Rosie and Mo each have some points
on a computer game.
Mo has 599 fewer points than Rosie.
Mo has 4,278 points. 9,155
Is Alex correct? How many points do they have

altogether?
Explain how you know.

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

In Year 3, children used the formal written method to subtract • How can you show this question using place value counters?
two 2- or 3-digit numbers with up to two exchanges. In this block,
that learning is extended to include 4-digit numbers. In this small
• What is less than ?
step, children subtract up to a 4-digit number from a 4-digit • Does it matter which column you subtract first?
number with no exchanges, using concrete resources as well as • Do you need to make an exchange?
the formal written method.
Even though there is no exchanging, children should subtract
• Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to subtract ?
from the smallest value column first. Before subtracting each

column, ask, “Do you have enough ones/tens/hundreds to Possible sentence stems
subtract ? ” If not, an exchange is needed.
Encouraging children to subtract from the “smallest value column” • ones/tens/hundreds subtract ones/tens/
first, rather than referring to it as the “ones column”, will avoid a hundreds is equal to
misconception when decimals are introduced later in the year.
• I can/cannot subtract ones/tens/hundreds from
ones/tens/hundreds, so I do/do not need to make
an exchange.
• When using concrete resources, children may make both National Curriculum links
numbers, then remove the second one, leaving the first
number unchanged. • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
• Children may not line up the digits in the place value where appropriate
columns correctly, especially when the numbers have
different numbers of digits. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Dora uses place value counters to work out 3,454 – 1,224 • Use bar models to help you answer each question.
Th H T O There are 3,597 boys and girls in a school.

Th H T O 2,182 are boys.
3 4 5 4 How many girls are there?
– 1 2 2 4
2 2 3 0 Car A travels 7,653 miles per year.
Car B travels 5,612 miles per year.
How much further does car A travel than
Use Dora’s method to work out the subtractions. car B per year?
4,572 – 2,341 7,462 – 7,151 6,582 – 582 2,348 – 235

• The mass of a bag of sand is 3,576 g.
1,250 g of sand is poured from the bag.
• Find the missing numbers. What is the mass of the bag of sand now?
?
1,365
5,674 • Whitney and Amir are at the fair.
2,978 At each stall, they can win tickets.
3,214 I won 3,486 I won 1,413

470 tickets. fewer tickets
5,346 than Whitney. Amir
Whitney
How many tickets did Amir win?

Tiny is working out 3,426 – 1,213 using Fill in the missing digits.
place value counters.
Tiny keeps getting 3,426 as the answer.
Th H T O
Th H T O 9 9 9 9 for example:
– 8 9,999 – 3,685 = 6,314
3 9,999 – 1,680 = 8,319
Compare answers with a partner.

2,213 Can you find any more?
The mass of a box is 2,479 g.

A teddy bear is 1,305 g
lighter than the box.
What is the total mass of the 3,653 g
teddy bear and the box?
Explain Tiny’s mistake.
Work out the correct answer.

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Building on the previous small step, children subtract up • What is less than ?
to 4-digit numbers, with one exchange. In Year 3, children
subtracted 2- and 3-digit numbers with up to two exchanges.
• Does it matter which column you subtract first?
It is important that children complete the formal written

• Do you need to make an exchange?
method alongside any concrete manipulatives to support • How can you subtract two numbers if one of them has fewer
understanding. digits than the other?
Before subtracting each column, ask, “Do you have enough

ones/tens/hundreds to subtract ?” If not, then an Possible sentence stems
exchange is needed.
For this small step, the exchange could take place from the
• ones/tens/hundreds subtract ones/tens/
hundreds is equal to
tens, hundreds or thousands, but there is only one exchange
per calculation.
ones/tens/hundreds, so I do/do not need to make
an exchange.
columns correctly, especially when the numbers have National Curriculum links
different numbers of digits.
• Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
• Children may find the difference between the two digits formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
in a column instead of subtracting the second digit from where appropriate
the first in order to avoid an exchange, for example 1 – 3
becomes 3 – 1 deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Rosie uses base 10 to work out 3,416 – 1,223 • Ron uses place value counters to work out 2,343 – 151
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Th H T O
Th H T O
2 3 14 3
2
– 1 5 1
2 1 9 2
Th H T O
Use place value counters to help you work out the subtractions.
3 4 11 6
3
– 1 2 2 3 5,383 – 291 3,157 – 523 9,458 – 86

2 1 9 3
• Use bar models to help you complete the questions.

Use Rosie’s method to help you work out the subtractions.
Mrs Trent has £3,544
4,256 – 1,139 3,758 – 1,825 2,547 – 1,452
She spends £1,225
How much money does she have left?
What is the same and what is different about these subtractions?
• Find the missing numbers. Mrs Khan has £1,745

1,308 She has £1,239 more than Mr Khan.
2,174
How much money does Mr Khan have?
3,567 2,154

1,235 people go on a school trip. The subtraction has exactly

There are 1,179 children and one exchange.
27 teachers.
The rest are parents. 29 parents
How many parents are there? Th H T O

5 6 3 2
Explain your method to a partner.
– various possible
answers, e.g.
2,351 and 3,281
Find the missing numbers.
1,841 (and 9)
– 1,345 = 4 6
What could the missing numbers be if various possible
What is the greatest number the exchange is in the tens column? answers, e.g.
1,751 (and 0)
that could go in the first space?
What if the exchange was in 3,810 and 1,822
What is the smallest? another column?
10 possible answers
How many possible answers could Talk about it with a partner.
you have?
What is the pattern between For each answer,
the numbers? both numbers go
What method did you use? up by 10

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange

In this small step, children subtract up to 4-digit numbers with more • Does it matter which column you subtract first?
than one exchange, using the written method of column subtraction.
• Do you need to make an exchange?
Children perform subtractions involving two separate exchanges (for • How can you subtract two numbers if one of them has fewer
example, from the thousands and from the tens) as well as those digits than the other?
with two-part exchanges (for example, from the thousands down
to the tens if there are no hundreds in the first number). To support
• If you cannot exchange from the tens/hundreds, what do you
need to do?
understanding, continue solving these subtractions alongside the
concrete resources of base 10 and place value counters.
• Which column can you exchange from?
When completing the written method, it is vital that children are Possible sentence stems
careful with where they put the digits, especially those that have
been exchanged. Two-part exchanges can be confusing for children if • ones/tens/hundreds subtract ones/tens/
they are unsure what each digit represents or where to put it. hundreds is equal to

Things to look out for ones/tens/hundreds, so I do/do not need to make
an exchange.
columns correctly.
• When exchanging a number, children may put the 1 in the
incorrect place. • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the formal
written methods of columnar addition and subtraction where
• When exchanging over two columns, children may appropriate
exchange directly from, for example, hundreds down to • Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts,
ones and miss out the exchange to tens. deciding which operations and methods to use and why

Key learning
• Tommy uses base 10 to help him work out 4,052 – 2,415 • Aisha works out 3,206 – 2,148 using place value counters.
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Th H T O
Th H T O
91
3 1
2 0 16
– 2 1 4 8
1 0 5 8
Use Aisha’s method to work out the subtractions.

Th H T O
4 10 45 12
3 2,356 – 1,427 1,205 – 398 2,037 – 889 2,037 – 1,589
– 2 4 1 5
1 6 3 7
• A shop has 8,435 magazines.
It sells 367 in the morning and 579 in the afternoon.
Use Tommy’s method to work out the subtractions.
How many magazines are left?
5,783 – 844 6,737 – 759 8,252 – 6,560
8,435
367 579
• Mr Jones paid £8,562 for his car.
Mrs Smith paid £6,729 for her car. Explain how you found the answer.
How much more did Mr Jones pay for his car than Mrs Smith Is there more than one way to solve this problem?
paid for hers?
Tiny has worked out 3,035 – 1,074 There were 2,114 visitors to a
museum on Saturday. 3,578
Th H T O 650 more people visited the museum
on Saturday than on Sunday.
2
3 0 1
3 5 Work out
– 1 0 7 4 Altogether, how many people visited 2,114 – 650 for the
1 0 6 1 the museum over the two days? number of visitors
What do you need to do first to solve on Sunday.
the problem?
No
Find the missing 4-digit number.
Th H T O
+ 4 6 7 8 2,753
Do you agree with Tiny? 7 4 3 1
Explain your answer.

How did you find the answer?
Is there more than one way?

Efficient subtraction

Having explored both mental and written methods of subtraction • Which method do you find easiest? Why?
in this block, the purpose of this small step is to encourage
children to make choices about which method is most appropriate
• Which method is most efficient?
for a given calculation. Children can often become reliant on • Can you work this out mentally?
formal written methods, so it is important to explicitly highlight • What does “difference” mean?
where mental strategies or less formal jottings can be more
efficient. • What does the arrow represent? What do you notice about
all the arrows?
Children explore the concept of constant difference, where
adding or subtracting the same amount to/from both numbers
• Why does adding/subtracting to/from each number
make the calculation easier?
in a subtraction means that the difference remains the same,
for example 2,832 – 1,999 = 2,833 – 2,000 or 400 – 193 = 399 – 192.
This can help make potentially tricky subtractions with multiple Possible sentence stems
exchanges much simpler, sometimes even becoming calculations
that can be performed mentally. Number lines can support • The jump to the next multiple of is
understanding of this concept.
• If I add/subtract to/from both numbers, the difference
will be the same.

• Children may be overly reliant on formal written National Curriculum links
methods and use them when alternative strategies are
more appropriate. • Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using the
• Children may not adjust both numbers in the subtraction. where appropriate

Key learning
• Kim, Tom and Huan are working out 203 – 198 • Eva is working out 357 – 199
Kim Tom
+1 +1
H T O 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206
1
2 190 13
Huan 199 200 357 358
– 1 9 8 –2 –3
0 0 5
198 200 203 If I add or subtract the

same amount from both numbers,
Whose method do you prefer? Why? the difference will be the same.
358 – 200 = 158,
Which is the most efficient method?
so 357 – 199 = 158
Use your preferred method to complete the subtractions.
9,807 – 9,792 809 – 15 3,876 – 1,400 4,204 – 2,417 Use Eva’s method to work out the subtractions.
Did you use the same method each time? 3,487 – 999 4,407 – 1,399 7,643 – 5,098
• Complete each subtraction.

What do you notice? 6–3= • Complete the subtractions.
What stays the same? 300 – 176 4,000 – 3,180 6,001 – 3,065
5–2=
What changes?
Compare methods with a partner.
4–1=

Dexter is working out 4,387 – 134 Dora is working out 500 – 287
Those numbers are I could subtract 1

not close together, to make my calculation
so I need to use the easier, as I will not
column method. No need to do any Dora needed to
exchanges.
subtract 1 from both
numbers.
Dexter could
have used a
Th H T O H T O
number line. 213
4 3 8 7 4 9 9
As there are no – 2 8 7
– 1 3 4
exchanges, he
2 1 2 e.g. 499 – 287 = 212,
could have done
the subtraction 212 + 1 = 213
mentally. number lines
What mistake has Dora made?
Do you agree with Dexter?
What is the correct answer?
Explain your reasons.
How else could you work out
What other methods could
500 – 287?
Dexter use?

Estimate answers

In Year 3, children explored the idea of estimating without • What multiple of 10/100/1,000 comes before and
explicitly using the language of rounding. Now that children have after ?
covered rounding in Autumn Block 1, they are familiar with the
language of “rounding to the nearest ”. In this small step,
• Where would be on this number line?
children estimate by rounding to the nearest ten, hundred and • Which multiple is closer to?
thousand. Number lines are a useful representation to support • Which calculation is easier/quicker to perform? Why?
this understanding.
• Why do we use estimates?
Discuss why estimates are important, particularly in real-life
situations such as population statistics. They allow us to quickly • Is the estimate less than or greater than the actual answer?
Why?
and easily get an idea of what an answer should be near to or if an
already calculated answer is appropriate. It is important to discuss
whether an actual answer will be greater or less than an estimate. Possible sentence stems
For example, 333 + 524 may be estimated as 300 + 500, and the
precise answer will be greater than the estimate because both the • is closer to than
numbers were rounded to the previous multiple.
• So rounded to the nearest is
• The estimate will be than the actual answer because …

• Children may find it difficult to decide which multiple to
round to.
• Children may find it difficult to work out whether an
estimate will be greater or less than the actual answer. • Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation

Estimate answers
Key learning
• Use the number lines to help you complete the sentences. • Annie and Tommy are estimating the answer to 3,219 + 5,624
I am going to
1,000 1,880 2,000 estimate by rounding
each number to the
1,880 rounded to the nearest thousand is
nearest thousand.
I am going to Tommy
round to the nearest
3,341 hundred because I will still be
able to add those numbers
3,341 rounded to the nearest thousand is
in my head.
Use the rounded amounts to estimate 3,341 – 1,880 Annie
Use column subtraction to work out the actual answer. Use Annie and Tommy’s methods to estimate the answer.
Now work out the actual answer using column addition.
• Write < or > to complete the statements. Whose estimate was more accurate? Why?
436 400 327 + 436 327 + 400

• Mrs Lee has £5,000 in her bank account.
A TV costs £1,328
3,838 4,000 8,000 – 3,838 8,000 – 4,000
A car costs £3,889
Estimate whether Mrs Lee can afford to buy both the
1,132 1,100 4,000 – 1,132 400 – 1,100
television and the car.
What do you notice? Does your answer change if you round to a different amount?

Estimate answers
The children are estimating the answer The estimated answer to

to 4,502 – 1,414 a calculation is 3,400 multiple possible
answers, e.g.
The numbers in the calculation were
4,000 – 1,000 = 3,000 rounded to the nearest hundred for 2,343 + 1,089
Jack the estimate. 4,730 – 1,304
What could the original calculation be?
4,500 – 1,400 = 3,100

Ron and Sam
Ron Roll a 6-sided dice eight times.
Sam’s Write each number in one of the boxes.
5,000 – 1,000 = 4,000 Now work out your addition.

Sam Ron’s
Th H T O Compare answers
Which children have rounded
correctly? as a class.
+
What mistake has been made?
Whose calculation was easiest?
Whose estimate was most accurate? Compete against a partner. Who can
get an answer closest to 5,000?

Checking strategies

In this small step, children explore the inverse relationship • What are the parts? What is the whole?
between addition and subtraction. From learning in earlier years,
children know that addition and subtraction are inverse operations
• Given one fact, what other facts can you write?
and they should also be aware that addition is commutative and • What does “inverse” mean?
subtraction is not. • What is the inverse of add/subtract ?
Bar models and part-whole models are useful representations • Is addition/subtraction commutative?
to help establish families of facts that can be found from one
calculation. Children use inverse operations to check the accuracy
of their calculations, rather than simply redoing the same Possible sentence stems
calculation and potentially repeating the same error.
• The inverse of is
Estimations can be used alongside inverse operations as an
alternative checking strategy. • If is a part and is a part, then is
the whole.
• If is the whole and is a part, then is the

other part.
• To check I have added/subtracted correctly, I need
• Children may subtract a part from a part rather than a
to
part from the whole, for example writing 240 – 130 as the
inverse of 240 + 130
• When asked to check an answer, children may just

repeat the same calculation instead of using the
inverse operation. • Estimate and use inverse operations to check answers to a calculation

Checking strategies
Key learning
• Complete the part-whole models and number sentences. • Which additions can be used to check the subtraction
3,265 – 823 = 2,442?
2,300 2,300
3,265 + 823 823 + 2,442 3,265 + 2,442 2,442 + 823
1,500 800 1,500 800

• Use an inverse operation to check each calculation.
How many different inverse calculations can you do for each?
1,500 + 800 = 2,300 − 1,500 = 2,300 − 800 =
Th H T O Th H T O
How could you check your answers? 4 1
4 5 1 9 3 5 6 4
+ 7 2 3 − 1 4 8 4
• Complete the bar model for 3,582 − 2,236 = 1,346 5 2 4 2
1 1
2 0 8 0
• Dani has answered a problem.
Use the bar model to write the fact family. Mr Rose has £2,358 in his bank account.
He spends £1,209 on a family holiday.
How much does he have left? £ 1,049
• Which subtractions can be used to check the addition
1,574 + 3,432 = 5,006? Estimate to check Dani’s answer.
Now use an inverse calculation to check if Dani’s answer
5,006 − 3,432 5,006 − 1,574 3,432 − 1,574 1,574 − 5,006
is correct.

Checking strategies
627 + = 943 Tiny is completing some

statements.
Check Tiny’s answers.
I think the
Do you need to work out the answers
answer is 1,570
or can an estimate help you decide Compare
whether Tiny is correct? strategies as
various possible a class.
estimates, e.g.
600 + 300 = 900 55 + 28 = 70 – 13 96
900 – 600 = 300 14
55 – 28 = 13 + 40
any number
627 + 316 = 943 28 + 12 > 55 – 13 greater than 14
Show by estimating that Tiny has
any number
made a mistake.
28 + 13 < 55 – 96 between 0 and 13
What mistake has Tiny made?
Find the correct answer. Find the correct answers.
Complete an inverse operation Is there more than one possible
to check your answer. answer for any of the statements?

Y4 Autumn Block 2 SOL Addition and Subtraction

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Autumn Block 2

Addition and subtraction

© White Rose Maths 2022

Step 1 Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s

Step 2 Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

Step 3 Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Step 4 Add two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange

Step 5 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

Step 6 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Step 7 Subtract two 4-digit numbers – more than one exchange

Step 8 Efficient subtraction

© White Rose Maths 2022

Step 9 Estimate answers

Step 10 Checking strategies

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s

Notes and guidance Key questions

• The value of the column will increase/decrease by

Things to look out for

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s

Use this method to work out the calculations.

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add and subtract 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s

Reasoning and problem solving

Here is a number on a place

Explain your reasons. multiple possible

What mistake has Rosie made? 3,195

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

Notes and guidance Key questions

• I have ones, so I do/do not need to make an exchange.

• Children may not use zero as a placeholder when there

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

• Complete the additions.

+ 3 7 0 4 + 1 0 3 Eva walks 356 m.

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add up to two 4-digit numbers – no exchange

Reasoning and problem solving

What mistake has Tiny made? Tom

What is the correct answer?

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Notes and guidance Key questions

is important to use language such as begin from the “smallest

tens/hundreds to make an exchange?” This question will be an • added to is equal to

Things to look out for • I can exchange 10 for 1

• Children may not line up the digits in the place value

• Children may not use zero as a placeholder when there are

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange

Use Kim’s method to work out the additions.

3,356 + 2,437 3,356 + 2,473 3,356 + 2,743

• Complete the bar models.

1,185 405 • Eva has 1,434 pennies.

5,807 2,360 Tom has 1,158 more pennies than Eva.

© White Rose Maths 2022

Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange