Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 - Module 6
Forms and Functions of Social Organizations
 COPYRIGHT 2020

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Writer: Melanie M. Crabajales

Editors: Joeid C. Placeros, Maribeth L. Dimla, Christyl P. Anota
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 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 1 - Module 6
Forms and Functions of Social Organizations

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society and Political Self-Learning Module

on Forms and Functions of Social Organizations.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that

will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society and Political Self-Learning Module
on Forms and Functions of Social Organizations.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

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CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding on how individuals should behave
as part of a political community.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners shall be able to assess the rules of social interaction to maintain
stability of everyday life and the role of innovation in response to problems and
challenges.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
a. determine the different social organizations in the society;
b. analyze the forms and functions of social organizations;
c. appreciate the importance of the functions of the social organization on
the community development by imparting personal strategy to address
societal issues and challenges;

INTRODUCTION

We live in groups all of our lives. Our strong emotional need for social contact
makes it possible for us to live our life happily. The need for human social contact and
the rewards that it can bring lead most people to become members of many groups at
the same time. Welcome to our new topic for this week that enables you to recognize
the importance of diverse social institutions and how it influences and shapes your
personality and behavior.

Before going to the lesson for this very fascinating topic, you need to answer
first the pre-test prepared for you to assess your knowledge about the chapter. Enjoy
and good luck!

Do the series of activities to achieve your goal.

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PRE-TEST

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter on the space provided before
the item number that corresponds to your answer.

1. One’s kinship relationship with a sister-in-law is based on ______.

A. Affinal kinship
B. Consanguineous kinship
C. Fictive kinship
D. Extended family

2. Which of the following serves as an important universal social institution?

A. Family
B. Kinship
C. Authority
D. Monogamy

3.Your kinship relationship with your grandfather is based on _______.

A. Affinal kinship
B. Consanguineous kinship
C. Fictive kinship
D. Kinship

4. It is a system of social organization which is based on recognized family ties.

A. Polygamy
B. Kinship
C. Extended family
D. Monogamy

5. Kinship is used as an organizing principle in forming social groups in______.

A. very few societies
B. about half of the world’s societies
C. all societies
D. all of the above

6. Which of the statement explains the two primary purposes of family?

I. To orient the individual of the norms of the society.
II. To protect the household from outside invasion.
III. To procreate and be an active member of the society.
IV. To provide physical support as the individual matures.

A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. II and IV
D. I and IV

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7. In the kinship diagram below, ego is known as ____.

ego

A. a male
B. a female
C. a widow
D. neither a male nor a female

8. Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
A. Authority involves intimidation.
B. Authority is more subtle than power.
C. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in
power.
D. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.

9. Which one of the following statements about kinship is NOT true?

A. Its usages create group of kins
B. It creates relationship structure
C. It defines role of different relationships
D. It indicates expected behavior of kins.

10. According to Weber, it is “the basis of every system of authority, and

correspondingly of every kind of willingness to obey, a belief by virtue of which persons
exercising authority are lent prestige.”
A. charismatic
B. political power
C. jurisdiction
D. legitimacy

11. What descent leads an individual to trace kinship through female’s line?
A. Unilineal
B. Patrilineal
C. Bilineal
D. Matrilineal

12. Which of the following is being described in the statement?

“A man who has several wives often house in different huts and sometimes in
different parts of the country.”
A. Polygamy
B. Monogamy
C. Affinity
D. Matrilineal

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13. In bilateral descent, individuals___________.
A. are members of the kinship group their parents have selected for them
B. are equally related to both the mother’s and the father’s side of the
family
C. trace descent from both a patrilineage and a matrilineage
D. can choose with which side of the family they wish to affiliate

14. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female
leaders throughout history?
A. Women have different leadership.
B. Women are not interested in leading at all.
C. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the
course of history.
D. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of
female leaders in their records.

15. Which family is formed by an individual when he/she marries and has children?
A. Extended family
B. Reconstituted family
C. Nuclear family
D. Consanguinity

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

Picture Analysis

After assessing your prior knowledge on our new module, let us have a sort of
review on your understanding from the previous module.

Look at the image below, tell us about the image. Describe the language a kind
of socialization conveyed by the picture.

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Process questions:
1. How can you describe socialization based on the picture?
2. What are the advantages you can get from following the guidelines while
socializing others?
3. How can you differentiate socialization before and during pandemic?
4. What else you can do to continue your social life despite of the pandemic?

Do It: Identifying Social Groups

Using the chart below, identify what social group does the following group of
people in the society belong. Share your explanation and impression by answering the
process questions.

Group of People in the Society Social Group

Large lecture courses

Community
Family
Facebook contacts
Teachers
The team you support

Process questions:

1. How does the social group differ from each other?

2. Do they have important function in the society?

3. Among the group who are you valued most?

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

Our society comprises of diverse organizations. Each organization has its own
contribution which influences certain individual, or the whole society itself. In this
chapter, we will determine the forms and functions of the social organizations in society
and recognize their significance to the development of the entire society, assess how
individuals interact within the social organization they associated with and describe
the organized nature of social life and rules governing behavior.

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ACTIVITY

Identifying the Kinds of Family

In this activity, identify the kinds of family on the following terms and explain its
functions by answering the process questions. Choose your answer on the box below.

Nuclear family Extended family Reconstituted family

Terms Kinds of Family

1. Parents
2. Relatives
3. Step sisters
4. Children
5. Sisters of your parents

Process questions:

1. Are the terms related to each other? How are they related?

2. What are the roles of parents in the family?

3. Who among the family members are you associated right now?

4. What role does family play in the children’s education and development?

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Identifying Roles and Functions of Social Organization

Complete the pyramid of the social organization according to the most

influential to you and identify each role in the holistic development of a person in a
separate box.

Social Organization

Family Relatives Barangay Officials Neighbors Friends/ FB friends

Classmates Religious Sector Teachers/ School

Process questions:
1. Among the social organizations mentioned above who you considered to be
the most influential to you?
2. Are the functions of different organizations the same?
3. How these organizations help you to become a good and a responsible
citizen?

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ANALYSIS

EXERCISE 1: My Personal views

Analyze the sociological perspective on the nature and functions of the cultural,
social and political institutions by stating your personal views and manifestations in the
cited statement.

Example:
Key Ideas Views/ Manifestations
Family serves as the vital universal • Family is considered as the core
social institution. or the basic unit of society, family
plays a significant role in the
society, it molds the
characteristics of every individual
in the society.

Key Ideas Views/ Manifestations

1. A society cannot survive without the
presence of social institutions.
2. Family is a basic unit of institutions
that transmits culture.
3. Social institutions are considered as
fundamental components of a society
and have a major influence in shaping
human behavior.
4. The extended family structure shows a
strength and a close Filipino family tie.
5. The existence of political dynasties
gives certain people the advantage of
monopolized political power.

Process questions:
1. How do social institutions affect individual’s personal perspectives?

2. Which sociological perspectives do you prefer most? Why?

3. How do sociological perspectives help you understand the importance of social

institutions?

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EXERCISE 2: Pros and Cons

State your understanding on social organizations by completing the table

below. Describe the functions of the different social organizations in the society.

Social Organizations Functions in the society

1.Family
2.Religion
3.Political institution
4.Extended family

ABSTRACTION

Social organization is characterized as framework of connections between

persons and among groups that concern with the distribution of activity and
responsibility, and shared role and obligations within society.

The family serves as a vital universal social institution. It is the unit of social
institution that plays a significant part in human society.

There are three kinds of families:

• nuclear (comprise of parents and children),
• extended (nuclear family with their relatives), and
• reconstituted families (partners and children from previous marriage).

The kinds of family serve as the basis in forming the kinship.

Kinship is a structure of social organization that is based on recognizing family

ties. Kinship ties are recognized based on descent that can be Matrilineal (female
line), Patrilineal Kinship (male line), and Bilineal kinship (both female and male
lines).

-Kinship is consist of three types:

• Consanguineous kinship that known as a kinship by blood,
• affinal kinship which known as kinship by marriage, and
• the kinship by ritual.

Affinal kinship alludes to the bond that is shaped through marriage. It can be
monogamous or polygamous. Monogamy implies that an individual is married to one
person only. Polygamy, in contrast, means that a person has more than one wife or
husband at a time.

Kinship performs a huge part in the kind of society we are living nowadays. It
has a great impact to our politics and economy. One case would be the presence of
the political dynasties. A dynasty alludes to a chain of rulers from the same family or

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ancestry. Political institutions follow certain rules or regulations to guarantee that
political forms are going smoothly.

Authority refers to the concept of right to issue and, utilizing coercive control
to impose a command.

Legitimacy is came from the Latin word “legitimare”, means to declare, lawful”.
Weber explained that it is the source of every system of authority, a willingness to
obey, and a belief by virtue of which persons exercising authority are lent prestige”

Weber’s Theory of Authority is categorized into three types:

• Traditional Authority is legitimated by sacredness of tradition or

custom.

• Charismatic Authority is made genuine by a leader with a vision and

mission that motivates others.

• Legal-Rational Authority denotes to a kind of leadership made

legitimate by lawful rationality. Its legality came from the power of the
content of law.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

Social organizations or institutions arise out of social needs and situations

of members. These organizations are the means through which individuals adjust their
behavior to environmental conditions.
Lapiere says that “social organization consists of all the ways by which men live
and work together, more especially of all the programmed, ordered and coordinated
relations of the members of the society.” Social organizations at different levels
organize and give expression to collective behavior. They coordinate and crystallize
numerous interests of individuals and groups.
Social organizations are of two broad types, namely, those which grow out of
kinship and those that result from the free and voluntary associations of members. A
brief analysis of a few such organizations may be given.

Family:
It is the earliest and the most universal of all social institutions. It is also the
most natural, simplest and permanent form of social organization. In society,
individuals are primarily organized into separate families and households.
Family is generally composed of husband, wife and their children. It may be
defined as a group of persons, united either by the ties of marriage or blood
relationship, having a common household, a common tradition or culture.
The form and features of family may be different from place to place and country
to country but family as a social group exists everywhere. It may rightly be described
as the keystone of the social arch. It performs a variety of functions like biological,
emotional, economic, educational and cultural.

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Clan:
The members of a clan are supposed to be the descendants of common
ancestors. They usually bear common surname. They are usually found among
primitive people and members act through the guidance of a chieftain.
They are associated through common social, religious and cultural ceremonies.
Members practice exogamy; they do not marry a person belonging to the same clan.
All members worship a totem or a symbolic object like cow, bull, bird etc.

Tribe:
A tribe is a wider social organization than clan and has been defined as “a social
group of a simple kind, and members of which speak a common dialect, have a
common government and act together for such common purpose as welfare.” Tribe is
usually formed after a stronger clan subordinates a weaker one.
Tribe has a government with a tribal chief as its head. It is organized for military
purposes and has a common dialect and language. Though devoid of blood
relationship, a tribe maintains solidarity among its members.

Community:
One way of organizing individuals on secular lines is through formation of
communities and associations. A community is defined as “the total organization of
social life within a limited area.” A community is a self-sufficient group based on
common life. The area of a community may range from narrow to very broad (even
global) limits.

Association:
MacIver defines, “An association as a group organized for the pursuit of an
interest or group of interests in common.” Associations may be of various types
including kinship, religious, cultural, recreational, philanthropic, vocational, political
groups. Primarily political associations like the state and its coercive agency, the
government are part of society.

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APPLICATION

Solution Metrix
The image below represented the societal issues and challenges happening in
our society. In your own simple way what activity or solution you can recommend to
help the society address the existing challenges.
Societal issues/ Roles of Organization/ Suggested solution/
challenges Person Involved in activity
activity.
Government/political officers Create a sustaining health
should create a program to & livelihood program to
give assistance to those who assist poor individuals.
are in the poverty and can’t
provide personal needs.
Medical organization should
work as one in attaining their
goals to provide effective and
safe health services.

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Process questions:
1. How important are the social organizations in sustaining and attaining
development in the society?
2. Based on your personal observations from the community where you belong,
are the social organizations in your community are doing their duties and
responsibilities?
3. Being part of the social organization, what are your significant contributions to
the society?

REFLECTION

Quote Reflection
Share your opinions and realization on the following quotes from the different
sociologists.

“Communicating your accomplishments and value proposition doesn’t only benefits

your team, peers, and the organization.” - Lily Benjamin

“Organization isn’t about perfection it’s about efficiency, reducing stress and clutter,
saving time and money and improving your overall quality of life.” - Christina
Scalise
My opinions and realization
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

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Complete the Sentences
Directions: Write a reflection learned from the discussion. In writing your
reflection, you have to complete the sentence below.

3 Thoughts I have learned…

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

2 Things I want to remember…

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

1 Question I have in mind…

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

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ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES

Creating Kinship Chart (Family Tree)

Create your family tree by placing pictures or name of your family members on
the Kinship chart below. Based your diagram on your family size and reflect the activity
by sharing your ideas on the process questions.

Note: The word ego represents you in the chart.

Process questions

1. Among the family members, who is most influential to you and why?
2. What is your important role and functions in the family? How does this
function bring considerable constitutions in the community?
3. Have you known someone who is not related to you by descent or marriage
but whom you considered “family”? Why do you consider him/her a family?
4. Describe your family relationship? How does this kind of relationship make
you grow as a better person and a good example in the community?
5. Compare your chart to your closest classmates in your community. What kind
of differences do you see? Why do you think there are those differences?

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POSTTEST

Read the questions carefully. Write the letter on the space provided before the item
number that corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following serves as an important universal social institution?

A. Family
B. Kinship
C. Authority
D. Monogamy

2. It is a system of social organization which is based on recognized family ties.

A. Polygamy
B. Kinship
C. Extended family
D. Monogamy

3. Kinship is used as an organizing principle in forming social groups in______.

A. very few societies
B. about half of the world’s societies
C. all societies
D. all of the above

4. One’s kinship relationship with a sister-in-law is based on ______.

A. Affinal kinship
B. Consanguineous kinship
C. Fictive kinship
D. Kinship

5. Your kinship relationship with your grandfather is based on _______.

A. Affinal kinship
B. Consanguineous kinship
C. Fictive kinship
D. Kinship

16
6. In the kinship diagram below, ego is known as ____.

ego

A. a male
B. a female
C. a widow
D. neither a male nor a female

7. Which of the statement explains the two primary purposes of family?

I. To orient the individual of the norms of the society.
II. To protect the household from outside invasion.
III. To procreate and be an active member of the society.
IV. To provide physical support as the individual matures.

A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. II and IV
D. I and IV

8. What descent leads an individual to trace kinship through female’s line?

A. Unilineal
B. Patrilineal
C. Bilineal
D. Matrilineal

9. Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
A. Authority involves intimidation.
B. Authority is more subtle than power.
C. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in
power.
D. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.

17
10. Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female
leaders throughout history?
A. Women have different leadership.
B. Women are not interested in leading at all.
C. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over
the course of history.
D. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of
female leaders in their records.

11. Which of the following is being described in the statement?

“A man who has several wives often house in different huts and sometimes in
different parts of the country.”
A. Polygamy
B. Monogamy
C. Affinity
D. Matrilineal

12. Which family is formed by an individual when he/she marries and has children?
A. Extended family
B. Reconstituted family
C. Nuclear family
D. Consanguinity

13. Which one of the following statements about kinship is NOT true?
A. Its usages create group of kins
B. It creates relationship structure
C. It defines role of different relationships.
D. It indicates expected behavior of kins.

14. According to Weber, it is “the basis of every system of authority, and

correspondingly of every kind of willingness to obey, a belief by virtue of which persons
exercising authority are lent prestige.”
A. charismatic
B. political power
C. jurisdiction
D. legitimacy

15. In bilateral descent, individuals___________.

A. are members of the kinship group their parents have selected for them
B. are equally related to both the mother’s and the father’s side of the family
C. trace descent from both a patrilineage and a matrilineage
D. can choose with which side of the family they wish to affiliate

18
 ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST POST TEST

1. A 1. A REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

2. A 2. B
3. B 3. C PICTURE ANALYSIS - ANSWER MAY VARY
4. B 4. A
5. C 5. B Group of People in the Social Group
6. D 6. D
7. D 7. D
Society
8. C 8. D Religious club Secondary Group
9. C 9. C Sport teams In-group
10. A 10. C
11. D 11. A Family Primary Group
12. A 12. C Facebook contacts Social Network
13. B 13. C
14. C 14. A Classmates Primary Group
15. C 15. B The team you support Out-group

ACTIVITY
Terms Kinds of Family
1. Parents Nuclear family
2. Relatives Extended family
3. Step sisters Reconstituted family
4. Children Nuclear family
5. Sisters of your parents Extended family

PROCESS QUESTIONS – ANSWERS MAY VARY

IDENTIFYING ROLES & FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS - ANSWERS MAY VARY

ANALYSIS
EXERCISE1 - ANSWERS MAY VARY

EXERCISE2
Social Functions in the society
Organizations
1.Family It socializes children, it provides emotional and practical support for its members, it helps regulate sexual
activity and sexual reproduction, and it provides its members with a social identity.
2.Religion Religion serves several functions for society: giving meaning and purpose to life, reinforcing social unity and
stability, serving as an agent of social control of behavior, promoting physical and psychological well-being,
and motivating people to work for positive social change.
3.Political institution Political institutions are the organizations in a government that create, enforce, and apply laws. They often
mediate conflict, make governmental policy on the economy and social systems, and provide representation
for the population.
4.Extended family Extended family plays an important role in influencing individual and household choices in developing
countries, and through this, their well-being. These relatives are a key source of information and resources.

APPLICATION

SOLUTION MITRIX - ANSWERS MAY VARY

PROCESS QUESTIONS – ANSWERS MAY VARY

19
REFERENCES

Macionis J.J, 2012. Sociology: The foundation of sociology. culture; society;

socialization; social interaction in everyday life; groups and organizations;
sexuality and society; Deviance.

Internet sources

https://family.lovetoknow.com/about-family-values/types-family-structures

https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter6-groups-and-
organization/

https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/make-a-kinship-diagram-online

https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/quizzes/kinquiz1.htm

https://wps.pearsoned.ca/ca_ph_bonv_cultural_1/91/23311/5967849.cw/-
/5967871/index.html

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d577290a48394001a0dcdb9/kinship-marriage-
household

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: surigao.delnorte@deped.gov.ph

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