Books Doubtnut Question Bank

PHYSICS
BOOKS PRADEEP PHYSICS (HINGLISH)
REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
Mock Test
1. Draw on your answer book and show the
path of reflected ray.

Watch Video Solution
2. According to the "New Cartesian Sign
Convention" for mirros, when sigh has been
given to the focal length of :
(i) a concave mirror ?
(ii) a convex mirror ?

3. What is the basic difference between
reflection and refraction of light?
4. Define absolute refractive index of a
medium. Find its value for glass in which
speed of light is 2 × 108

m /s .

5. The focal length of a convex mirror is 30cm.
What is the distance of its centre of curvature
from its focus?
6. How will you distinguish between a plane
mirror, a convex mirror and a concave mirror
without touching them?

7. Draw the course of a rays for tracing image
of an object held between pole and principal
focus of a concave mirror. State the position
and nature of image formed.
or
Draw the course of rays for tracing image of
an object held between optical centre and
principal focus of a convex lens. State the
nature of image formed.

8. What is meant by linear magnification
produced by a spherical mirror ? Obtain the
formula in terms of object distance and image
distnace.
9. An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm in
front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature
30 cm. Find the position and nature of the
image.

10.
Draw the figure on your answer book and
complete the path of the rays, What is the
nature of the image?

11. Find the position of an object, which when
placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 40 cm produces a virtual image,
which is twice the size of the object.
12. Explain with the help of a diagram, why a
rod immersed partially in a transparent liquid
appears to be bent at the surface of the liquid.

13. What is meant by power of a lens ? When is
it positive or negative? Define one dioptre.
14. An object of height 2cm is held at a
distance of 40cm in front of a concave lens of
power − 5D. Find the size of the image?
A. 2/3 cm
B. 4/3 cm
C. 7/8 cm
D. 2/5 cm
Answer: A
15. State the three laws of refraction of light.
or
A convergent lens of power 5D is combined
with a divergent lens of power − 3D . What is
the focal length of the combination?

16. (a) Discuss briefly the conditions for no
refraction
(b) What is the difference between mirror
formula and lens formula?
17. (a) State the relation between object
distance, image at a distance of 30 cm from

the mirror when the object is Give the New
Cartesian Sign Conventions used.
(b) A concave mirror forms a virtual and erect
image at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror
when the object is held at 10 cm in front of the
mirror. Calculate focal length of the mirror.
View Text Solution
18. Prove that a ray of light emerges from a
rectangular glass slab in a direction parallel to

that in which it entered the glass slab. What is
lateral displacement?
19. (a) How will you distinguish between
convex lens and concave lense without
touching them?
(b) Linear magnification of a concave lens is
always positive, whereas that of a convex lens
can be both, positive or negative . Why?

20. In going from a rarer to a denser medium,
a ray of light bends towards normal. And in
going from a denser to a rarer medium, a ray
of light bends away from normal. Explain why.
21. How many refractions does a ray of light
undergo on passing through a glass slab?
What is the net deviation of the ray ?

22. If glass slab is replaced by a hollow slab
filled with water, will the net deviation change?
For given angle of incidence, will the deviation
of the ray in first refraction increase 3s or
decreases compared to the one in glass slab?
23. Focal length of a convex lens in air is 25 cm.
It is cut into two equal halves along its

principal axis. What will be the focal length of
each half ?
24. Two concave spherical mirrors are parts of
two spheres of diameters 1:3. What is the ratio
of their focal lengths?

25. Can we find rough focal length of a convex
mirror ? If yes, how? If no, why not?
26. You are given a concave mirror of focal
length 30 cm. How can you form a real image
of the size of the object using this mirror?
Problems For Practise

1. Focal length of a convex mirror is 50cm .
What is its radius of curvature?
2. Radius of curvature of a concave mirror is 25
cm. What is its focal length?

3. A concave mirror produces 10 cm long
image of an object of height 2 cm. What is the
magnification produced?
4. An object 1 cm high is held near a concave
mirror of magnification 10. How tall will be the
image?

5. Find the size, nature and position of image
formed by a concave mirror, when an object of
size 1 cm is placed at a distance of 15 cm. Given
focal length of mirror is 10 cm.
6. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance
of 16 cm from a concave mirror, which
produces 3 cm high inverted image. What is
the focal length of the mirror? Also, find the
position of the image.

7. An erect image 3 × the size of the object is
obtained with a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 36cm . What is the position of the
object ?
8. A 2.5 cm candle is placed 12 cm away from a
convex mirror of focal length 30 cm. Give the

location of the image and the magnification.
9. An object is placed in front of a concave
mirror of focal length 20 cm. The image
formed is three times the size of the object.
Calculate two possible distances of the object
from the mirror?

10. A concave mirror produces a real image 10
mm tall, of an object 2.5 mm tall placed at 5
cm from the mirror. Calculate focal length of
the mirror and the position of the image?
11. An object is placed at a large distance in
40 cm. How far is the image behind the
mirror?
12. An object is placed 15 cm from a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 90 cm. Calculate
position of the image and its magnification.
13. The image formed by a convex mirror of
focal length 30 cm is a quarter of the object.
What is the distance of the object from the
mirror?
14. When an object is placed at a distance 60
cm from a convex spherical mirror, the
magnification produced is 1/2 . Where should
the object be placed to get a magnification of
1/3 ?
A. -200 cm
B. +150 cm
C. - 120 cm
D. None
Answer: C
15. An object is placed 18cm in front of a
mirror. If the image is formed at 4cm to the
right of the mirror, calculate its focal length. Is
the mirror convex or concave ? What is the
nature of the image ? What is the radius of
curvature of the mirror ?

16. A convex mirror used for rear view on an
automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00
m. If a bus is located at 5.00 m from this
mirror, find the position, nature and
magnification of the image.
17. Calculate speed of light in water of
refractive index 4 / 3. Given speed of light in air

8
= 3 × 10 m / s .
18. A ray of light passes from air to glass
(n = 1.5) at an angle of 30
∘
. Calculate the
angle of refraction.
19. A ray of light is incident on a glass slab at
an angle of 45 . If refractive index of glass be

∘
1.6, what is the angle of refraction ?
20. The refractive index of diamond is 2.47 and
that of glass is 1.51. How much faster does
light travel in glass than in diamond ?
21. The refractive index of glycerine is 1.46.
What is the speed of light in air if its speed in

glycerine is 2.05x108
m /s ?
22. The refractive index of glass is 1.6 and that
of diamond is 2.4. Calculate refractive index of
diamond with respect to glass.
23. In the above problem, what is the refractive
index of glass w.r.t diamond ?

24. A ray of light is travelling from glass to air.
The angle of incidence in glass is 35

∘
, and
angle of refraction in air 60

∘
. What is the
refractive index of glass w.r.t. air ?
25. A ray of light is travelling is travelling from
air to water. What is the angle of incidence in

air, if angle of refraction in water is 41
∘
? Take
refractive index of water = 1.32 .
A. 60 ∘
B. 45 ∘
C. 30 ∘
D. 90 ∘
Answer: A

26. A tank of water is 4 m deep. How deep does
it appear when seen normally?
27. What is the real depth of a swimming pool
when its bottom appears to be raised by 1 m ?
Given refractive index of water is 4 / 3.

28. A jar 15cm long is filled with a transparent
liquid. When viewed from the top, its bottom
appears to be 12cm below. What is the
refractive index of the liquid ?
29. The image obtained with a convex lens is
erect and its length is 4 times the length of
the object. If the focal length of lens is 20cm ,
calculate the object and image distances.

A. - 15 cm, - 60 cm
B. 45 cm . - 60 cm
C. 12 cm, 20 cm
D. None
Answer: A
30. A needle placed 45cm from a lens forms an
image on the screen placed 90 cm on the
other side of the lens. Identify the type of the

lens and determine its focal length. What is
the size of the image if the size of needle is
5.0cm ?
31. A concave lens has a focal length of 50 cm.
Calculate its power.

32. The image of a small electric bulb fixed on
the wall of a room is to be obtained on the
opposite wall 3m away by means of a large
convex lens. What is the maximum possible
focal length of the lens required for the
purpose ?
33. Calculate the distance at which an object
should be placed in front of a convex lens of

focal length 10 cm to obtain a virtual image of
double its size.
34. The image of the needle placed 10cm from
a lens is formed on a wall 20cm on the other
side of the lens. Find focal length of the lens
and size of image formed, if the size of object
needle is 2.5cm.

35. An object is placed at a distance of 30cm
from a concave lens of focal length 15cm. Find
the nature and position of the image.
36. An object of height 2cm is placed at a
distance of 15 cm in front of a concave lens of
power − 10 dioptre. Find the size of the image.

37. A thin lens has a focal length of − 25cm .
What is the power of the lens? It is convex or
concave ?
38. The power of lens is 2.5D . What is its focal
length ?

39. A convergent lens of power 8 D is
combined with a divergent lens of power
− 10D . Calculate focal length of the
combination.
40. A concave lens is kept in contact with a
convex lens of focal length 20cm . The
combination works as a converging lens of

focal length 100cm . Calculate power of
concave lens.
A. +2 D
B. - 2 D
C. +5 D
D. − 4D
Answer: D

41. Find the focal length and nature of lens
which should be placed in contact with a lens
of focal length 10cm so that the power of the
combination becomes 5 dioptre.
42. Study the given ray diagrams and select
the correct statement from the following :

A. Device X is a concave mirror and device Y
is a convex lens, whose focal lengths are
20cm and 25cm respectively.
B. Device X is a convex lens and device Y is
a concave mirror, whose focal lengths
are 10cm and 25cm respectively.

C. Device X is a concave lens and device Y is
a convex mirror, whose focal lengths are
20cm and 25cm respectively.
D. Device X is a convex lens and device Y is
a concave mirror, whose focal lengths
are 20cm and 25cm respectively.
Answer: D
View Text Solution

43. A student obtains a blurred image of a
distant object on a screen using a convex lens.
To obtain a distinct image on the screen he
should move the lens
A. away from the screen
B. towards the screen
C. to a position very far away from the
screen
D. either towards or away from the screen
depending upon the position of the

object.
Answer: D
Ncert Exemplar Problems
1. Which of the following can make a parallel
beam of light from a point source is incident
on it ?
A. Concave mirror as well as convex lens
B. Convex mirror as well as concave lens
C. Two plane mirrors placed at 90

∘
to each
other
D. Concave mirror as well as concave lens
Answer: A

2. A 10mm long awl pin is placed vertically in
front of a concave mirror. A 5mm long image
of the awl pin is formed at 30cm in front of
the mirror. The focal length of this mirror is
A. − 30cm
B. − 20cm
C. − 40cm
D. − 60cm
Answer: B
3. Under which of the following conditions a
concave mirror can form a real image larger
than the actual object ?
A. When the object is kept at a distance
equal to its radius of curvature
B. When object is kept at a distance less
than its focal length
C. When object is placed between the focus
and centre of curvature.

D. When object is kept at a distance
greater than its radius of curvature.
Answer: C
4. Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from
medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the

medium B relative to medium A is
A. √3 / √2
B. √2 / √3
C. 1 / √2
D. √2
Answer: A

5. A light ray enters from medium A to medium
B as shown in Figure. The refractive index of
medium A relative to B will be
A. greater than unity
B. less than unity

C. equal to unity
D. zero
Answer: B
6. Beams of light are incident through the
holes A and B and emerge out of box through
the holes C and D respectively as shown in
Figure. Which of the following could be inside

the box ?
A. A rectangular glass slab
B. A convex lens
C. A concave lens
D. A prism
Answer: A

7. A beam of light is incident through the
holes on side A and emerges out of the holes
on the other face of the box as shown in
Figure. Which of the following could be inside
the box ?
A. concave lens
B. Rectangular glass slab
C. Prism
D. Convex lens
Answer: D
8. Which of the following statements is true ?
A. A convex lens has 4 dioptre power
having a focal length 0.25m

B. A convex lens has −4 dioptre power
C. A concave lens has 4 dioptre power
D. A concave lens has −4 dioptre power
having a focal length of 0.25m
Answer: A

9. Magnification produced by a rear view
mirror fitted in vehicles
A. is less than one
B. is more than one
C. is equal to one
D. can be more than one depending upon
the position of the object in front of it.
Answer: A

10. Rays from Sun converge at a point 15cm in
front of a concave mirror. Where should an
object be placed so that size of its image is
equal to the size of the object ?
A. 15cm in front of the mirror
B. 30cm in front of the mirror
C. between 15cm and 30cm in front of the
mirror
D. more than 30cm in front of the mirror

Answer: B
11. A full length image of a distant tall building
can definitely be seen by using
A. a concave mirror
B. a convex mirror
C. a plane mirror
D. both concave as well as plane mirror

Answer: B
12. In torches, search lights and headlights of
vehicles the bulb is placed
A. between the pole and the focus of the
reflector
B. very near to the focus of the reflector

C. between the focus and centre of
curvature of the reflector
D. at the centre of curvature of the
reflector
Answer: B
13. The laws of reflection hold good for
A. plane mirror only

B. concave mirror only
C. convex mirror only
D. all mirrors irrespective of their shape
Answer: D
14. The path of a ray light coming from air
passing through a rectangular glass slab
traced by four students are shown as A, B, C

and D in Figure. Which one of them is correct ?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Answer: B
15. You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine
and kerosene. In which of these media a ray of
light incident obliquely at same angle would
bend the most ?
A. Kerosene
B. Water
C. Mustard oil
D. Glycerine
Answer: D
16. Which of the following ray diagrams is
correct for the ray of light incident on a

concave mirror as shown in figure.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
17. Which of the following ray diagrams is
correct for the ray of light incident on a lens

shown in Fig. ? Choices are given in Fig.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
18. A child is standing in front of a magic of a
mirror, She finds the image of her head bigger,
the middle portion of her body of the same
size and that of the legs smaller. The following
is the order of combinations for the magic
mirror from the top.
A. Plane, convex and concave

B. Convex, concave and plane
C. Concave, plane and convex
D. Convex, plane and concave
Answer: C
19. In which of the following, the image of an
object placed at infinity will be highly
diminished and point sized ?

A. Concave mirror only
B. Convex mirror only
C. Convex lens only
D. Concave mirror, convex mirror, concave
lens and convex lens
Answer: D
Problem
1. Find the focal length of a convex mirror of
radius of curvature 1 m.
2. An object 4cm in size is placed at a distance
of 25.0cm from a concave mirror of focal
length 15.0 cm. Find the position, nature and
height of the image.

3. (a) To construct a ray diagram, we use two
rays which are so chosen that it is easy to
know their directions after reflection from the
mirror. List two such rays and state the path of
these rays after reflection in case of concave
mirrors. Use these two rays and draw ray
diagram to locate the image of an object
placed between pole and focus of a concave
mirror.
(b) A concave mirror produces three times
magnified image on a screen. If the object is

placed 20 cm in front of the mirror, how far is
the screen from the object?
4. A converging mirror forms a real image of
height 4 cm, of an object of height 1 cm placed
20 cm away from the mirror. Calculate the
image distance. What is the focal length of the
mirror ?
A. -80 cm , -16 cm
B. 80 cm , 16 cm
C. -60 cm , -12 cm
D. NONE
Answer: A
5. An object of height 1.2 m is placed before a
concave mirror of focal length 20 cm so that a
real image is formed at a distance of 60 cm

from it. Find the position of the object ? What
will be the height of image formed ?
6. A 4.5cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a
convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of the image and the magnification.
Describe what happens as the needle is moved
farther from the mirror.
A. 6 cm , 0.718
B. 6.7 cm , 0.558
C. Cannot be determined
D. NONE OF THESE
Answer: B
7. An arrow 2.5 cm high is placed at a distance
of 25 cm from a diverging mirror of focal
length 20 cm. Find the nature, position and
size of the image formed.

8. The image formed by a convex mirror of
focal length 20 cm is a quarter of the object.
What is the distance of the object from the
mirror?
A. 50 cm
B. 45 cm
C. 90 cm
D. 60 cm
Answer: D
9. (a) If the image formed by a mirror for all
positions of the object placed in front of it is
always diminished, erect and virtural, state the
type of the mirror and also draw a ray diagram
to justify your answer. Write one use such
mirrors are put to and why?
(b) Define the radius of curvature of spherical
mirrors. Find the nature and focal length of a

spherical mirror, whose radius of curvature is
+ 24 cm.
10. The image of a candle flame placed at a
distance of 30 cm from a mirror is formed on a
screen placed in front of the mirror at a
distance of 60 cm from its pole. What is the
nature of the mirror ? Find its focal length. If
the height of the flame is 2.4 cm, find the

height of its image. State whether the image
formed is erect or inverted.
11. When a concave mirror is placed facing the
sun, the sun's rays converge to a point 10 cm
from the mirror. Now if you place a 2 cm long
candle flame 20 cm away on the principal axis
of the mirror, where would you place a screen
to obtain the image of the candle? What

would be the size of the image? Draw a ray
diagram to justify your answer.
12. Light travels through water with a speed of
8
2.25 × 10 m / s . What is the refractive index
of water ? Given speed of light in vacuum
8
= 3 × 10 m / s .
A. 1.41
B. 1.47
C. 1.33
D. 1.5
Answer: C
13. Light travels from a rarer medium 1 to a
denser medium 2. The angle of incidence and
refraction are respectively 45

∘
and 30
∘
.
Calculate the refractive index of second
medium with respect to the first medium.

14. In problem 2, what is the refractive index of
medium 1 w.r.t. medium 2 ?
15. A pond of depth 20 cm is filled with water
of refractive index 4/3 . Calculate apparent
depth of the tank when viewed normally.

16. How much time will light take to cross 2
mm thick glass pane if refractive index of
glassis 3 / 2?
17. A student very cautiously traces the path of
a ray through a glass slab for different values
of the angle of incidence (∠i) . He then
measures the corresponding values of the
angle of refraction (∠r) and the angle of

emergence (∠e) for every value of the angle
of incidence. On analysing these
measurements of angles, his conclusion would
be
A. ∠i > ∠r > ∠e
B. ∠i = ∠e > ∠r
C. ∠i < ∠r < ∠e
D. ∠i = ∠e < ∠r
Answer: B

18. A student has to project a three times
magnified image of a candle flame on a wall.
Name the type of the lens
(converging/diversing) required for the
purpose. If the candle flame is at a distance of
6 m from the wall, find the focal length of the
lens.

19. A 2.0cm tall object is placed perpendicular
to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal
length 10 cm. The distance of the object from
the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and
size of the image. Also, find its magnification.
20. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At
what distance should an object from the lens
be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm

from the lens ? Also, find the magnification of
the lens.
21. A concave lens of focal length 25 cm and a
convex lens of focal length 20 cm are placed in
contact with eachother. What is the power of
this combination ? Also, calculate focal length
of the combination.

22. Rohit focussed the image of a candle flame
on a white screen using a convex lens. He
noted position of candle = 26.0cm , position
of convex lens = 50.0cm and position of
screen = 74.0cm .
(i) What is focal length of convex lens?
(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts
the candle towards the lens at a position of 38
cm ?
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation
of image in (ii) above.

23. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is
placed in contact with a concave lens of focal
length 10 cm. What is the focal length and
power of the combination ?
24. If the image formed by a lens for all
positions of an object placed in front of it is
always erect and diminished, what is the
nature of this lens ? Draw a ray diagram to

justify your answer. If the numerical value of
power of this lens is 10 D, what is its focal
length in cartesian system ?
Ncert Question
1. Define the principal focus of a concave
mirror.

2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror
is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
3. Name a mirror that can give an erect and
enlarged image of an object.

4. In motor vehicles, a convex mirror is
attached near the driver's seat to give him the
view of the traffic behind. What is the special
function of this convex mirror which a plane
mirror can not do ?
5. Find the focal length of a convex mirror of
radius of curvature 1 m.

6. A concave mirror produces three times
magnified real image of an object placed at 10
cm in front of it. Where is the image located ?
7. A ray of light travelling in air enters
obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend
towards the normal or away from the normal ?
Why ?

8. The refraction index of glass is 1.5. Find the
speed of light in glass.
9. Find out from Table , the medium having

1.3
highest optical density. Also, find the medium
with lowest optical density.
View Text Solution

10. You are given kerosene, turpentine and
water. In which of these does the light travel
fastest ?
11. The refractive index of diamond is .

2.42
What is the meaning of this statement ?

12. Define one dioptre of power of a lens.
13. A convex lens forms a real and inverted
image of a needle at a distance of 50cm from
it. Where is the needle placed in front of the
convex lens if the image is equal to size of the
object ? Also, find the power of the lens.

14. Find the power of a concave lens of focal
length 2m.
Ncert Exercise
1. Which one of the following materials cannot
be used to make a lens ?
A. Water
B. Glass
C. Plastic
D. Clay
Answer: D
2. The image formed by a concave mirror is
observed to be virtual, erect and larger than
the object. Where should be the position of
the object?
A. between the focus and centre of
curvature,
B. at the centre of curvature,
C. beyond the centre of curvature,
D. between the pole of the mirror and
focus.
Answer: D

3. Where should an object be placed in front
of a convex lens to get a real to get real image
of the size of the object ?
A. At the principal focus of the lens,
B. At twice the focal length,
C. At infinity,
D. Between the optical centre of the lens
and its principal focus.
Answer:
4. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens
have each a focal length of − 15cm. The mirror
and lens are likely to be
A. Both concave.
B. Both convex
C. The mirror concave, but the lens convex.
D. The mirror is convex, but the lens is
concave.
Answer: A
5. No matter how far you stand from a
spherical mirror, your image appears erect.
The mirror is likely to be
A. Plane
B. concave
C. convex
D. either plane or convex.

Answer: D
6. Which of the following lenses would you
prefer to use while reading small letters found
in a dictionary ?
A. Convex lens of focal length 50 cm
B. A concave lens of focal length 50 cm
C. A convex lens of focal length 5 cm
D. A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.

Answer:
7. We wish to obtain an erect image of an
object, using a concave mirror of focal length
15 cm. What should be the range of distance
of the object from the mirror? What is the
nature of the image? Is the image larger or
smaller than the object? Draw a ray diagram
to show the image formation in this case.

8. Name the type of mirror used in the
following situations :
(a) Head lights of a car.
(b) Side rear view mirror of a vehicle.
(c) Solar furnace.
Support your answer with reason.

9. One half of a convex lens is covered with a
black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Verify your answer
experimentally. Explain your observations.
10. An object 5cm in length is held 25cm away
from a converging lens of focal length 10cm .
Then the position and height of the image is
A. 50/3 cm , 3.33 cm
B. -50/3 cm , -3.33 cm
C. 50/3 cm , -3.33 cm
D. -50/3 cm , 3.33 cm
Answer: C
11. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At
what distance should an object from the lens
be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm

from the lens ? Also, find the magnification of
the lens.
12. An object is placed at a distance of 10cm
from a convex mirror of focal length 15cm .
Find the position and nature of the image ?

13. The magnification produced by a plane
mirror is m = + 1. What does this mean ?
14. An object 5.0cm in length is placed at a
distance of 20cm in front of a convex mirror of
radius of curvature 30cm. Find the position of
image, its nature and size.

15. An object of size 7.0cm is placed at 27cm in
front of a concave mirror of focal length 18cm.
At what distance from the mirror, should a
screen be placed, so that a sharp focussed
image can be obtained ? Find the size and
nature of the image ?
16. Find the focal length of a lens of power
− 2.0D . What type of lens is this ?

17. A doctor has prescribed lens of power
+ 1.5D . Find the focal length of the lens. Is the
prescribed lens diverging or converging ?
Short Answer Question
1. Identify the device used as spherical mirror
or lens in following cases, when the image

formed is virtual and erect in each case.
(a) Object is placed between device and its
focus, image formed is enlarged and behind it.
(b) Object is placed between the focus and
device, image formed is enlarged and on the
same side as that of the object.
(c ) Object is placed between infinity and
device, image formed is diminished and
between focus and optical centre on the same
side as that of the object.
(d) Object is placed between infinity and
device, image formed is diminished and
between pole and focus, behind it.

2. Why does a light ray incident on a
rectangular glass slab immersed in any
medium emerges parallel to itself ? Explain
using a diagram.
3. A pencil when dipped in water in a glass
tumbler appears to be bent at the interface of

air and water. Will the pencil appear to be
bent to the same extent, if instead of water we
use liquids like, kerosene or turpentine.
4. How is the refractive index of a medium
related to the speed of light ? Obtain an
expression for refractive index of a medium
with respect to another in terms of speed of
light in these two media ?

5. Refractive index of diamond with respect to
glass is 1.6 and absolute refractive index of
glass is . Find out the absolute refractive

1.5
index of diamond.
A. 1.5
B. 1.33
C. 1.45
D. 2.40
Answer: D
6. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm can
produce a magnified virtual as well as real
image. Is this a correct statement ? If yes,
where shall the object be placed in each case
for obtaining these images ?

7. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the
window pane of her science laboratory is
formed at a distance of 15cm from the lens.
She now tries to focus the building visible to
her outside the window instead of the window
pane without disturbing the lens. In which
direction will she move the screen to obtain a
sharp image of the building ? What is the
approximate focal length of this lens ?

8. How are power and focal length of a lens
related ? You are provided with two lenses of
focal length 20cm and 40cm respectively.
Which lens will you use to obtain more
convergent light ?
9. What should be the angle between two
plane mirrorrs so that whatever be the angle
of incidence, the incident ray and the reflected

ray from the two mirrorrs be parallel to each
other
10. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of
rays of light when it enters with oblique
incidence (i) from air into water , (ii) from
water into air.

Long Answer Question
1. Draw ray diagrams showing the image
formation by a concave mirror when an object
is placed
(a) between pole and focus of the mirror , (b)
between focus and centre of curvature of the
mirror
(c ) at centre of curvature of the mirror , (d) a
little beyond centre of curvature of the mirror
(e) at infinity

formation by a convex lens when an object is
placed
(a) between optical centre and focus of the
lens
(b) between focus and twice the focal length
of the lens
( c) at twice the focal length of the lens
(d) at infinity , (e) at the focus of the lens

3. Write laws of refraction. Explain the same
with the help of ray diagram, when a ray of
light passes through a rectangular glass slab.
formation by a concave lens when an object is
placed
(a) between focus and twice the focal length

of the lens
(b) beyond twice the focal length of the lens
formation by a convex mirror when an object
is placed
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the
mirror

6. The image of a candle flame formed by a
lens is obtained on a screen placed on the
other side of the lens. If the image is three
times the size of the flame and the distance
between lens and image is 80cm, at what
distance should the candle be placed from the
lens ? What is the nature of the image at a
distance of 80cm from the lens ?

7. Size of image of an object by a mirror having
a focal length of 20cm is observed to be

1
reduced to rd of the size ? At what distance
3
the object has been placed from the mirror ?
What is the nature of the image and the
mirror ?
8. Define power of a lens. What is its unit ? One
student uses a lens of focal length 50cm and

another of − 50cm. What is the nature of the
lens and its and power used by each of the
them ?
9. A student focussed the image of a candle
flame on a white screen using a convex lens.
He noted down the position of the candle,
screen and the lens as under
Position of candle = 12.0cm
Position of convex lens = 50.0cm

Position of the screen = 88.0cm
(i) What is the focal length of the convex lens ?
(ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts
the candle towards the lens at a position of
31.0cm .
(iii) What will be the nature of the image
formed if he further shifts the candle towards
the lens ?
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation
of the image in case (iii) as said above.

Additional Question
1. If the magnification of a body of size 1 m is 2,
what is the size of the image ?
A. 1.5 m
B. 2.5 m
C. 2 m
D. 4 m
Answer: C

2. What is the power of a concave lens of focal
length 25cm ?
A. 4 dioptre
B. 3 dioptre
C. - 4 dioptre
D. None of these
Answer:

3. What will be the focal length of a lens
whose power is given as + 2.0D ?
formation by a concave mirror when an object
is placed
(a) between pole and focus of the mirror , (b)
between focus and centre of curvature of the
mirror
(c ) at centre of curvature of the mirror , (d) a
little beyond centre of curvature of the mirror
(e) at infinity
5. What is the value of focal length of a plane
mirror ?

6. A ray of light is incident on a convex mirror
as shown in Fig.
Redraw the above diagram after completing
the path of the light ray after reflection from
the mirror.

7. Copy Fig. in your answer book and show the
direction of the light ray after reflection.
8. The refractive index of diamond is .

2.42
What is the meaning of this statement ?

9. Three students A, B and C focussed a distant
building on a screen with help of a concave
mirror. To determine focal length of the
concave mirror they measured the distances
as given below:
Student A : From mirror to the screen ,
Student B : From building to the screen
Student C : From building to the mirror
Who measured the focal length correctly :
A. Only A
B. Only B
C. A and B
D. B and C
Answer: A
10. Draw Fig (a) in your answer book and show
the formation of image of the object AB with

the help of suitable rays.
11. Draw Fig. in your answer book and show the
formation of image of the object AB with the

help of suitable rays.
12. Draw Fig. in your answer book and show
the formation of image with the help of

suitable rays.
13. Which property of concave mirror is
utilized for using them as shaving mirrors ?

14. Why does a ray of light bend when it
travels from one medium to another.
15. Draw the given diagram, Fig. in your answer
book and complete it for the path of ray of

light beyond the lens.
16. if you focus the image of a distant object,
whose shape is given below, on a screen using
a convex lens, the shape of the image of this

object on the screen would be :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
17. Take down this diagrams, Fig. on to your
answer book and complete the path of the
rays.
18. Take down Fig. on to your answer book and
complete the path of the ray.
View Text Solution
19. The range of wavelength of the visible light
is

20. Which colour of the light has the longest
wavelength?
21. Can light travel in vacuum ? If yes, with
what speed ?
22. What is the speed of light in air ?

23. What is a ray light ?
24. Name the best reflector of light.

25. On what factors does the focal length of a
spherical mirror depend ?
26. Do the laws of reflection change, when we
use a spherical mirror instead of a plane
mirror ?

27. Complete the following ray diagrams. State
the size and nature of image formed in each
case.
28. Can an object be virtual ?

29. Can a real image be taken on a screen ?
30. Do lights rays actually pass through a real
image ?

31. Do lights rays actually pass through a
virtual image ?
32. How do you draw normal to a spherical
mirror at a particular point?

33. Which of the mirrors is diverging: concave
or convex?
34. Which of the mirrors is converging:
concave or convex?

35. What is the relation between focal length
and radius of curvature of a concave mirror?
Does the same relation hold for a covcave
mirror?
36. (a) The magnification of a concave mirror is
- 1. What is the position of the object? (b) The
magnification of a spherical mirror is ± 2.
What kind of mirror can it be?

37. What is the ratio of object distance to
image distance in case of a concave mirror
when its magnification is 0.5?
38. The focal length of a convex mirror is 12.5
cm. How far is it centre of curvature (i) from
the pole (ii)from the focus?

39. A ray of light passing through centre of
curvature of a concave mirror retraces its path
on reflection. Why ?
40. A ray of light passing through focus of a
concave mirror becomes parallel to the
principal axis of the mirror on reflection.
Comment. Is the reverse true ?

41. Does the position, size and the nature of
the image formed by a concave mirror depend
on the position of the object?
42. Where is the image formed when an object
is at large distance from a concave mirror?

43. Where should an object be placed in front
of a concave mirror to obtain an image, which
is real, inverted and reduced in size?
44. For what position of an object, a concave
mirror forms a real image equal in size to the
object?

45. Is the position of image same as the
position of object when object and image
sizes are equal in a mirror?
46. Can a concave mirror form a virtual image
of same size as the object?

47. Which mirror has a wider field of view ?
48. A ray of light falling normally on a plane
mirror retraces its path on reflection.
49. A ray of light passing through centre of
curvature of a spherical mirror retraces its

path on reflection from the mirror.
50. A concave mirror is used as doctor's head
mirror.
1 1 1
51. In the mirror formula, = + , f
f v u
does not change when u is changed.

52. Where should an object be placed so that a
real and inverted image of the same size is
obtained by a convex lens?
53. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance
2 f from a convex lens. What is the height of
the image formed ?

54. What is the largest value of refractive
index? Name the medium.
55. (a) A ray of light in air enters glass. Does it
bend towards normal ?
(b) If the same ray enters water, which way will
it bend?

56. (a) A water tank appears 1 ⋅ 5 m deep.
What is it actual depth ? Given refractive index
of water w.r.t. air is 4 / 3.
(b) If 1 ⋅ 5 m were actual depth of water tank,
what would be its apparent depth?
57. (a) What is the speed of light in water of
refractive index 4 / 3?
(b) Light travels in a medium with a velocity of

8
2 × 10 m / s . What is refractive index of the
medium?
58. (a) Can you measure rough focal length of
a convex lens? If yes, why?
(b) Can you measure rough focal length of a
concave lens ? If not, why not?

59. (a) The linear magnification of a concave
lens is always positive. Why?
(b) The linear magnification of a convex lens
may be positive or negative. Why ?
60. What is the unit of refractive index?

61. (i) Rohit claims to have obtained an image
twice the size of the object with a concave
lens. Is he correct? Give reason for your
answer.
(ii) Where should an object be placed in case
of a convex lens to form an image of same size
as of the object? Show with the help of ray
diagram, the position and nature of image
formed?
(iii) With the help of ray diagram, illustrate the
change in position, size and nature of image

formed if convex lens in case of (ii) is replaced
by a concave lens of same focal length.
62. Arrange air, glass and water in terms of
decreasing refractive index.
63. Which is denser optically out of alcohol
with n = 1 ⋅ 36 and carbon disulphide with

n = 1 ⋅ 63 ?
64. The image formed by a convex lens is
always real. Is it true?
65. a convex lens forms a virtual image of an
object. What is the position of the object ?

66. For what position of an object a real,
diminshed image is formed by a convex lens?
67. Where should an object be placed in order
of to use a convex lens as a magnifying glass?

68. What is the difference between lens
formula and mirror formula?
69. Define one dioptre of power of a lens.
70. How is the power of a lens related to its
focal length?
71. What is meant by number of lens?
72. Look at . What is the radius of curvature of
the spherical mirror? Given PA=10 cm.

73. Draw the reflected ray when ray the
incident ray were to pass through focus of the

mirror.
74. What is the cause of refraction of light ?

75. A ray of light is refracted. Which medium a
or b is optically denser than the other ?
76. A parallel beam of light passes through a
lens held at O as shown in Fig. What is the

nature of the lens?
77. Explain why, a ray of light passing through
the centre of curvature of a convace mirror
gets reflected back along the same path.

78. What is the nature of the image formed by
a concave mirror if the magnification
produced by the mirror is +3?
79. The refractive index of carbon disulphide is
. What is the meaning of this statemnet

1 ⋅ 63
in relation to speed of light?

80. The outer surface of a hollow sphere of
aluminium of radius 50 cm is to be used as a
mirror. What will be the focal length of this
mirror? Which type of spherical mirror will it
provide?
81. Between which two points of a concave
mirror should an object be placed to obtain a

magnification of -3?
Short Q A
1. Give the characteristics of image formed by
a plane mirror.

2. An object is placed at 0.06 m from a convex
lens of focal length m. Calculate the

0.1
position of the image?
30 cm. Find the position and nature of the
image.

4. A 3 cm tall object is placed 18 cm in front of
a concave mirror of focal length 12 cm. At what
distance from the mirror should a screen be
placed to see a sharp image of the object on
the screen. Also calculate the height of the
image formed.
5. Light enters from air into diamond, which
has a refractive index of 2.42. Calculate the

speed of light in diamond. The speed of light
in air is 3 × 10 8
m /s .
6. With respect to air, the refractive index of
ice is 1 ⋅ 31 and that of rock salt is .

1 ⋅ 54
Calcualte the refractive index of rock salt w.r.t
ice.

7. Draw a labelled ray diagram to locate the
image of an object fromed by a convex lens of
focal length 20 cm when the object is placed
30 cm away from the lens.
8. Explain with the help of a diagram, why a
pencil partly immersed in water appears to be
bent at the water surface.

9. Explain briefly the following day to day
events:
(a) A swimming pool appears shallower than
what it actually is.
(b) A convex lens can be used as a magnifier,
but a concave lens cannot be.
( c) A convex mirror is used as a rear view
mirror by the drivers of motor vehicles.
(d) A concave mirror is used by ENT specialists.
(e) A convex mirror is used as a refleactor in
street lamps.
11. Is optical density of a medium same as its
mass density ? Name a transparent medium
which has smaller mass density, but is optically
denser.
12. An object is held at a distance of 20cm
from a concave lens of focal length 80 cm.
What is the position and size of the image if
the object is 2 cm high ?
13. Draw ray diagrams to represent the nature,
position and relative size of the lens for the

object placed:
a) at 2F ,
1
b) between F1 and the optical center O of the
lens.
Which of the above two cases shows the use
of convex lens as a magnifying glass? Give
reasons for your choice.
14. What is the minimum number of rays
required for locating the image formed by a

concave mirror for an object ? Draw a ray
diagram to show the formation of a virtual
image by a concave mirror.
15. A ray of light falling normally on a plane
mirror retraces its path on reflection.

16. What is the basic difference between a
concave mirror and a convex mirror?
17. The principal focus of a convex mirror lies
at the back of the mirror. Comment .

18. How do you measure quickly the
approximately focal length of a concave
mirror?
19. What is meant by linear magnification of a
concave mirror?

20. State the expression for linear
magnification of a concave mirror in terms of
object distance and image distance.
21. What is the nature of image formed when
an object is held at a distance of 10 cm from
the pole of a concave mirror of focal length 15
cm?

22. A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm is to
be used as a shaving mirror. Which of the
following is the suitable object distance from
the mirror ?
(i)10 cm (ii)20 cm (iii) 30 cm.
23. The image of a distant object is formed at
30 cm from a concave mirror. What is the focal
length of the mirror?

24. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror
is 50 cm. Where should an object be held from
the mirror so as to form its image at infinity?
25. A man standing in front of a special mirror
finds his image having a small face, big tummy

and legs of normal size. What are the shapes
of three parts of the mirror?
front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 30 cm. List our characterisitic of the
image formed by the mirror

27. Can you change focal length of a given
spherical mirror by changing the object
distance from the mirror?
28. Can you change linear magnification of a

29. How is the refractive index of a medium
related to the speed of light ? Obtain an
expression for refractive index of a medium
with respect to another in terms of speed of
light in these two media ?
30. For the same angle of incidence in media
P,Q and R, the angles of refraction are
35
∘
, 25
∘
, 15
∘
respectively. In which medium
will the velocity of light be minimum?

31. An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm
in front of a convex mirror of radius of
curvature 40 cm. List four characteristic of the
image formed by the mirror.
32. A ray of light travelling in air is incident on
a rectangular glass slab. What will happen?

33. If rafractive index of glass w.r.t. air is 3/2,
what is the refractive index of air w.r.t. glass?
34. The correct sequencing of angle of
incidence, angle of emergence, angle of
refraction and lateral displacment shown in

the following diagram by digits 1,2,3 and 4 is :
A. 2,4,1,3
B. 2,1,4,3
C. 1,2,4,3
D. 2,1,3,4
Answer:
35. The refractive index of glass is 3/2 and
refractive index of water is 4/3. What would
be the refractive index of water with respect
to glass ? Does light travel faster in glass than
in water?

36. A coin in a glass beaker appears to rise as
the beaker is slowly filled with water. Why?
37. A tank of water is 4 m deep. How deep does
it appear when seen normally?

38. What is meant by optical centre of a lens?
39. Define first principal focal length of a
convex lens.
40. Give three basic differences between real
image and virtual image.

41. What is linear magnification produced by a
lens? How is it related to object distance and
image distance?
42. When is magnification positive or negative

43. In which of the following cases, linear
magnification is positive?
44. A student focuses the image of a candle
flame, placed at about 2 m from a convex lens
of focal length 10 cm, on a screen. After that,
he moves gradually the flame towards the lens

and each time its image on the screen.
(a) In which direction does he move the lens to
focus the flame on the screen?
(b) What happens to the size of the image of
the flame formed on the screen ?
(c ) What difference is seen in the intensity
(brightnees) of the image of the flame on the
screen ?
(d) What is seen on the when the flame is very
close (at about 5 cm) to the lens ?

45. Draw the refracted rays corresponding to
incident ray 1 and 2
46. A ray of light passing through A retraces
its path on reflection from a concave mirror. If

P A = 30cm , what is the focal length of the
mirror ?
47. You are given a concave mirror of focal
length 20 cm and a candle. Where will you
hold the candle to form a virtual, erect and
magnified image of the candle flame ? Draw
the necessary ray diagram.

48. Can you change focal length of a given
49. The linear magnification of a concave
mirror can be positive or negative. Why?

50. You are given a convex lens of focal length
30 cm. At what distance from the lens should
you hold a candle flame to observe.
(a) a real and magnified image of the flame ?
(b) a virtual and magnified image of the flame?
( c) a real, inverted and smaller image of the
flame?

51. When is linear magnification of a convex
lens positive and when is it negative? What
should be the corresponding distance of the
object from convex lens of focal length 50 cm?
View Text Solution
52. A real, inverted image of the size of object
is to be formed by holding the object at 1
meter from a convex lens, What should be the

focal length of the lens? Draw the course of
rays.
53. A convex lens is used to focus the rays
from the far off light bulb at a distance of one
meter from the lens. What should be the focal
length of the lens ? Draw a ray diagram to
show the formation of image.

54. Trace the course of a ray of ligth through a
rectangular glass slab. From the plot discuss
what happens when
(i) ray goes from a rarer to a denser medium ?
(ii) ray goes from a denser to a rarer medium?
55. What is Snell's law of refraction? What
does it imply?

56. From the course of a ray of light through a
rectangular glass slab, explain what is lateral
displacement and net deviation?
57. In an experiment with a rectangular glass
slab, for an angle of incidence of 60

∘
in air,
angle of refraction is measured to be r . When

1
the glass slab is replaced by a hollow slab
filled with water, angle of refraction is

measured to be r2 . Show that r2 > r1 . Justify
your answer.
Short Q A 3 Marks
1. Calculate the distance at which an object
should be placed in front of a convex lens of
focal length 10 cm to obtain a virtual image of
double its size.

2. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm is in
contact with a concave lens of focal length 25
cm. The power of the combination is
3. An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15cm
in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10
cm. At what distance from the mirror should a
screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of
the object? Calculate the height of the image?

front of a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Write four characteristics of the image formed
by the mirror.
5. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20
cm. Find the position or positions of an object

for which the image-size is double of the
object-size.
6. An object 3 cm high is held at a distance of
50 cm from a diverging mirror of focal length
25 cm. Find the nature, position and size of
the image formed.

7. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm.
Find the position or positions of an object for
which the image-size is double of the object-
size.
8. The linear magnification of a convex mirror

1
of focal length 15 cm is . What is the
3
distance of the object from the focus of the
mirror ?
9. An object is held at 30 cm in front of a
convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. At what
distance from the convex mirror should a
plane mirror be held so that images in the two
mirrors coincide with each other?
10. A concave lens made of a material of
refractive index n1 is kept in a medium of

refractive index n2 . A parallel beam of light is
incident on the lens. Complete the path of
rays of light emerging from the concave lens
(i) n
1
> n2 (ii) n
1
= n2 (iii) n
1
< n2 .
11. Find the position, nature and size of the
image formed by a convex lens of focal length
20 cm of an object 4 cm high placed at a
distance of 30cm from it.

12. A student focuses the image of a candle
flame, placed at about 2 m from a convex lens
of focal length 10 cm, on a screen. After that,
he moves gradually the flame towards the lens
and each time its image on the screen.
(a) In which direction does he move the lens to
focus the flame on the screen?
(b) What happens to the size of the image of
the flame formed on the screen ?
(c ) What difference is seen in the intensity
(brightnees) of the image of the flame on the

screen ?
(d) What is seen on the when the flame is very
close (at about 5 cm) to the lens ?
13. A convex lens has focal length of 30cm.
Calculate at what distance should the object
be placed from the lens so that it forms at 60
cm on the other side of the lens ? Find the
magnification produced by the lens in this
case.
14. Find the position, nature and size of the
image of an object 3 cm high placed at a
distance of 9 cm from a concave mirror of
focal length 18cm.
15. A ray of light passes from glass to air at an
angle of 19.5
∘
. Calculate the angle of
refraction, given refractive index of glass w.r.t.
air is 3 / 2.
16. A convex lens of power 3 D is held in
contact with a concave lens of power -1D.A
parallel beam of light is made to fall on the
combination. At what distance from the
combination will the beam get focussed?

17. Calculate two possible distances of an
object from a convex lens of focal length 20
cm so as to obtain an image of double the size
of the object.
18. An object 4 cm high is placed 40 ⋅ 0 cm in
front of a concave mirror of focal length 20
cm. Find the distance from the mirror, at which
a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp

image. Also, find the size and nature of the
image formed.
front of a concave mirror. It forms a real image
four times larger than the object. Calculate
the distance of the image from the mirror.

20. A 5.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular
to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal
length 20 cm. The distance of the object from
the lens is 30 cm. By calculation, determine (i)
the position (ii) the size of the image formed.
View Text Solution
21. An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm
from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. List

four characteristics (nature,position,etc.) of
the image formed by the lens.
22. Draw ray diagrams to show the formation
of three times magnified (a) real, and (b)
virtual image of an object by a converging
lens. Mark the positions of O,F and 2F in each
diagram.

23. An object 3.0 cm high is placed
perpendicular to the principal axis of a
concave lens of focal length 7 ⋅ 5 cm. The
image is formed at a distance of 5.0 cm from
the lens. Calculate (i) distance at which object
is placed, and (ii) size and nature of image
formed.
24. A concave lens has focal length of 20cm. At
what distance from the lens a 5 cm tall object

be placed so that it forms an image at 15cm
from the lens? Also, calculate the size of the
image formed.
25. An object 50cm tall is placed on the
principal axis of a convex lens. Its 20cm tall
image is formed on the screen placed at a
distance of 10cm from the lens. Calculate the
focal length of the lens.

26. A concave mirror is used as a head mirror
by ENT specialists. The same mirror can also
be used as a shaving mirror. Why?
27. Name the type of mirror used in the
following situations :
(a) Head lights of a car.
(b) Side rear view mirror of a vehicle.

(c) Solar furnace.

29. Explain the concept of absolute refractive
index and relative refractive index of optical
media.
30. What is meant by the 'angle of incidence'
and the 'angle of refraction' for a ray of light?
Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the angle
of incidence and the angle of refraction for a
refracted ray of light.

31. What is meant by aperture, optical centre
and principal axis of a spherical lens?
32. What is power of a combination of lenses
in contact ?

33. At what distance should an object be
placed from a convex lens of focal length 18
cm to obain an image at 24 cm from it one the
other side? What will be the magnification
produced in this case?
placed from a convex lens of focal length 18
cm to obtain an image at 36 cm from it ? What

will be the magnification produced in this
case?
placed from a lens of focal length 25 cm to
obtain an image on a screen placed at a
distance of 50cm from the lens ? What will be
the magnification produced in this case?

Long Q A
1. (a) State the relation between object
distance, image distance and focal length of a
spherical mirror.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image
formed by a concave mirror when an object is
placed between pole and focus of the mirror.
(c ) A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm
forms an image of an object kept at a distance
of 10 cm from the mirror. Find the position,
nature and size of the image formed by it.

2. Draw ray diagrams to show the formation of
images when an object is brought closer to
concave mirror, from infinity.
3. What are the uses of concave and convex
mirrors ?

4. Write laws of refraction. Explain the same
with the help of ray diagram, when a ray of
light passes through a rectangular glass slab.
5. In going from a rarer to a denser medium, a
ray of light bends towards normal. And in
going from a denser to a rarer medium, a ray
of light bends away from normal. Explain why.

6. Explain the two situations under which no
refraction would occur.
7. From the course of a ray of light through a
rectangular glass slab, explain what is lateral
displacement and net deviation?

Higher Order Thinking Skills Q A
1 1 1
1. In the mirror formula, = + , f does
f v u
not change when u is changed.
2. The formula for linear magnification of a

h2 −v
spherical mirror is m = = . What
h1 u
determines the sign of m? What is the
signification of the sign?

3. Rahul find the rough focal length of a
convex lens. He is trying same method to find
the focal length of concave lens, will he be
successful. Justify your answer with help of ray
diagram.
4. On what factors does the focal length of a
spherical mirror depend ?

5. An object is held at a distance of 60 cm from
a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm. At what
distance from the convex mirror, should a
plane mirror be held so that images in the two
mirrors coincide?
6. A convex lens made of a material of
refractive index n2 is kept in a medium of

refractive index n1 . A parallel beam of light is
incident on the lens. Complete the path of
rays of light emerging from the convex lens if
(i) n
1
< n2 (ii) n
1
= n2 (iii) n
1
> n2 .
Value Based Q A
1. A spherical mirror in which reflecting surface
is towards the centre of the sphere of which
the mirror is a part, is called concave mirror,

i.e., reflection of light for this mirror occurs at
concave surface or bent-in surface.
The rays of light incident on concave mirror in
a direction parallel to the principal axis,
actually meet at a single point F on the
principal axis of the mirror. This point is called
principal focus of the mirror.
Read the above passage and answer the
following questions :
(i) Is principal focus of a concave mirror, a real
point or a virtual point?
(ii) What happens in case of a convex mirror ?

(iii) Our teachers and parents advise us to stay
focussed. What does it imply?
View Text Solution
2. In case of both, convex mirror and concave
mirror, any line passing through centre of
curvature of the mirror is normal to the
mirror. A ray of light falling normally on the
mirror, retraces its path on reflection. This is
because for a normaly ray, angle of incidence,
∠i = 0
∘
. As angle of reflection is equal to
angle of incidence, i.e., ∠r = ∠i , therefore,
∠r = 0
∘
. That is why the path of the ray
normally on the mirror is retraced.
(i) Do the rays passing through principal focus
of mirror fall normally on the mirror. (ii) Which
is closer to the mirror, principal focus or
centre of curvature of the mirror ? (iii) What
values of life do you learn from this concept?
View Text Solution

3. Power of a lens is a measure of the ability of
the lens to converge the rays of light falling
on it. Quantitatively, power of a lens =

1
reciprocal of focal length of lens, i.e., P = .
f
If a lens happens to diverge the ray of light
falling on it, its power is said to be negative.
Thus, power of a convex lens is positive and
power of a concave lens is negative.
If P1 , P2 are powers of two lenses held in
contact with each other, the power of the
combination is P = P1 + P2 . Note that
P1 , P2 are to be added with proper sign.

following question:
(i) What is the SI unit of power?
(ii) Focal length of a concave lens is 20cm .
What is its power ?
(iii) What lessons of life do you learn from the
relation P = P1 + P2 ?
View Text Solution
4. The formula governing reflection of light
from a spherical mirror is

1 1 2
+ = , where
v u R
u = distance of object from pole of mirror,
υ = distance of image from pole of mirror
f = focal length of mirror,
R = radius of curvature of mirror.
This is known as mirror formula and is
applicable equally to concave mirror and
convex mirror.
I υ
m = =
O u
(i) An object is held at a distance of 30cm in
front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40cm . Calculate distance of the
image from the object ? What is linear
magnification of the mirror ?
(ii) The object is moved to a distance of 40cm
in front of the mirror. How is focal length of
mirror affected ?
(iii) What values of life do you learn from the
mirror formula ?

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PHYSICS

BOOKS PRADEEP PHYSICS (HINGLISH)

REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1. Draw on your answer book and show the

path of reflected ray.

2. According to the "New Cartesian Sign

Convention" for mirros, when sigh has been

given to the focal length of :

(i) a concave mirror ?

(ii) a convex mirror ?

3. What is the basic difference between

reflection and refraction of light?

Watch Video Solution

4. Define absolute refractive index of a

medium. Find its value for glass in which

speed of light is 2 × 108

Watch Video Solution

What is the distance of its centre of curvature

from its focus?

Watch Video Solution

6. How will you distinguish between a plane

mirror, a convex mirror and a concave mirror

without touching them?

Watch Video Solution

of an object held between pole and principal

focus of a concave mirror. State the position

and nature of image formed.

Draw the course of rays for tracing image of

an object held between optical centre and

principal focus of a convex lens. State the

nature of image formed.

Watch Video Solution

produced by a spherical mirror ? Obtain the

formula in terms of object distance and image

Watch Video Solution

9. An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm in

front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature

30 cm. Find the position and nature of the

Watch Video Solution

Draw the figure on your answer book and

complete the path of the rays, What is the

nature of the image?

Watch Video Solution

placed in front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40 cm produces a virtual image,

which is twice the size of the object.

Watch Video Solution

12. Explain with the help of a diagram, why a

rod immersed partially in a transparent liquid

appears to be bent at the surface of the liquid.

Watch Video Solution

it positive or negative? Define one dioptre.

Watch Video Solution

14. An object of height 2cm is held at a

distance of 40cm in front of a concave lens of

power − 5D. Find the size of the image?

Watch Video Solution

15. State the three laws of refraction of light.

A convergent lens of power 5D is combined