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    L26 Membrane Separation

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    Jssoh
    This document provides an overview of a unit on membrane separation processes. It lists the unit coordinator and learning outcomes, which include defining membranes and their separation mechanisms, explaining relevant diagrams and equations, and knowing practical applications. It also provides reading assignments from various textbooks on membrane classification, dense and porous membrane models, osmosis, reverse osmosis, and works through an example problem calculating flux and concentrations.

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    L26 Membrane Separation

    Uploaded by

    Jssoh
    15 views17 pages
    This document provides an overview of a unit on membrane separation processes. It lists the unit coordinator and learning outcomes, which include defining membranes and their separation mechanisms, explaining relevant diagrams and equations, and knowing practical applications. It also provides reading assignments from various textbooks on membrane classification, dense and porous membrane models, osmosis, reverse osmosis, and works through an example problem calculating flux and concentrations.

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    L26 Membrane Separation

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    This document provides an overview of a unit on membrane separation processes. It lists the unit coordinator and learning outcomes, which include defining membranes and their separation mechanisms, explaining relevant diagrams and equations, and knowing practical applications. It also provides reading assignments from various textbooks on membrane classification, dense and porous membrane models, osmosis, reverse osmosis, and works through an example problem calculating flux and concentrations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views17 pages

    L26 Membrane Separation

    Uploaded by

    Jssoh
    This document provides an overview of a unit on membrane separation processes. It lists the unit coordinator and learning outcomes, which include defining membranes and their separation mechanisms, explaining relevant diagrams and equations, and knowing practical applications. It also provides reading assignments from various textbooks on membrane classification, dense and porous membrane models, osmosis, reverse osmosis, and works through an example problem calculating flux and concentrations.

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    CHE3165: Separation

    Processes
    Unit Coordinator and Lecturer: Dr Akshat Tanksale
    Email: Akshat.Tanksale@monash.edu
    Room: 69-202A
    Unit URL:
    http://moodle.vle.monash.edu/course/view.php?id=870
    Membrane Separation Process
    Learning Outcomes
     By the end of Today’s lecture you should be able to:

    1. Define nature of Membrane

    2. Define mechanism of Membrane Separation

    3. Explain relevant diagrams and basic equations

    4. Know the practical applications of membranes

    Homework reading
    Geankoplis Chapter 13
    McCabe & Smith (ed. 5+) Chapter 26
    See Also Perry (ed. 5+) section 17
    Membrane Classification
     Non-Porous (Dense) Membranes [Gean. 6.5B]
     Solution / solid equilibrium (Henry / Solubility)
     Diffusion through solid (Fick’s Law)
     Solid / Solution Equilibrium (Henry)
     Used in Gas Separations (Concentration Driving Force)
     Porous Membranes [Gean. 6.5C, 7.6]
     Molecular Diffusion in pores
     Parameters – effective diffusivity, ,
     Gas separations, dialysis
     Concentration driving force
     Semi Permeable Membranes
     Permeable to solvent but less so to solute
     Can be any of the above two mechanisms
     Different equations and parameter may be used to define the same
    process, however, none of them fits perfectly
     Used for Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration
     Pressure driving force for solvent
    Dense Membrane
    L
    related through Henry’s Law /
    Solubility (i.e. equilibrium)

    Flux  3 Resistances in Series

    1 1

    Where, = membrane
    permeability to A (= , )

     Membrane resistance usually controls

     Geankoplis (13.2A) describes Dialysis in the same way


     But McCabe and Smith DO NOT – they suggest a porous
    membrane model
    Porous Membrane (Simplest Case)
    L

    E.g.

     Used for U238/U236 Enrichment


    Dialysis Membrane (McCabe & Smith)
    L

    A:- Small solute molecule


    B:- Intermediate sized molecule
    C:- Macromolecule or colloid

    ~0
    molecule size
    pore size

    0
    Osmosis
     Spontaneous Process
     Solvent permeates under a concentration gradient
     Solute cannot pass through

    Solute
    Van’t Hoff Equation

    Solvent
     Partial molar volume of
    solvent
     Osmotic Pressure

    ~0
    Reverse Osmosis
     Apply a ∆P > to drive the solvent in opposite direction
     Some solute is transferred under a ∆C driving force

    ∝ ∆ ∆
    Pressure Driven Flow

    Feed Permeate (Product)

    Solute Concentration
    ∝∆
    Membrane Structure
    Dense Solute occupies intermolecular space

    Molecular Diffusion in Solid


    L L ~25+ µm thick (strength)  very small fluxes (∝ )

    Rubbery Polymers

    Porous

     Drag factor of mean free path factor

    Flux ∝

    Pore Diffusion (hindered by various factors)


    Small L, Large (~25+ µm thick for strength)
    Semi-Permeable
    Supported nano-porous or dense membranes
    “Asymmetric” - integral support + Film
    Molecular or Hindered Pore Diffusion

    Dense or Nano-porous film


    L < 1 µm ; usually 0.1 µm

    (Micro-) porous support ~ 0.5, L’ ~ 10-100 µm


    (Negligible Resistance)
    General Theory for Flux through a membrane

    Partition coefficient
    Flux through each phase is equal

    Substituting and

    ; (permeability)
    Worked Problem
    A liquid containing dilute solute A at a concentration 3
    10 / 3 is flowing rapidly past a membrane of thickness
    3 10 . The distribution coefficient 1.5 and 7.0
    10 / in the membrane. The solute diffuses through the
    membrane, and its concentration on the other side is 0.50
    10 / 3. The mass transfer coefficient is large and can be
    considered infinite and 2.02 10 / .

    (a) Derive the equation to calculate the steady state flux and
    make a sketch.
    (b) Calculate the flux and the concentrations at the membrane
    interfaces.
     PART (a)

    Flux
    OR , and
    Adding the three resistances
    ∴
    1 1 1

    But given that ∞


    ∴
    1 1
    Part (b)
    Calculate the flux and the concentrations at the membrane
    interfaces.

    7.0 10 / 1.5
    3.5 10 /
    3 10

    3 10 0.5 10 / 3
    7.458 10
    1 1 1 1 .
    3.5 10 / 2.02 10 /

    7.458 10 2.02 10 / 0.5 10


    .
    ∴ 0.869 10 / 3

    1.5 OR 1.304 10 / 3
    . /
    1.5 OR 4.5 10 / 3
    . /
    Membrane Separation Process
    Learning Outcomes
     By the end of Today’s lecture you should be able to:

    1. Define nature of Membrane

    2. Define mechanism of Membrane Separation

    3. Explain relevant diagrams and basic equations

    4. Know the practical applications of membranes

    Homework reading
    Geankoplis Chapter 13
    McCabe & Smith (ed. 5+) Chapter 26
    See Also Perry (ed. 5+) section 17

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