Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur

McArthur Highway, Digos City

“Colonic New Growth”

Submitted to:

Lourdes Abecia, RN

Submitted by:

Trisha Mae M. Alalong

 DEFINITION
Colonic New Growth

Colonic new growth or colonic polyps are growths that appear on the surface of the
colon. The colon, or large intestine, is a long hollow tube at the bottom of the digestive tract. It’s
where the body makes and stores stool. Polyps in the colon can vary in size and number. There
are three types of colon polyps, the hyperplastic polyps are harmless and don’t develop into
cancer, the adenomatous polyps are the most common. Although most will never develop into
cancer, they do have the potential to develop into colon cancer, and the malignant polyps are
polyps that are noted under microscopic examination to have cancer cells in them.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

 Colonoscopy - During this procedure, a camera attached to a thin, flexible tube is

threaded through the anus. This allows your doctor to view the rectum and colon.

 Sigmoidoscopy - This screening method is similar to a colonoscopy, but it can only be

used to see the rectum and lower colon. It can’t be used to take a biopsy, or a sample of
tissue.

 Barium enema - For this test, your doctor injects liquid barium into your rectum and
then uses a special X-ray to take images of your colon. Barium makes your colon appear
white in the pictures. Since polyps are dark, they’re easy to identify against the white
color.

 CT colonography - his procedure uses a CT scan to construct images of the colon and
rectum. After the scan, a computer combines the images of the colon and rectum to
produce both 2- and 3-D views of the area. A CT colonography is sometimes called a
virtual colonoscopy. It can show swollen tissues, masses, ulcers, and polyps.

 Stool test - Your doctor will give you a test kit and instructions for providing a stool
sample. You’ll return the sample to your doctor’s office for analysis, especially to test for
microscopic bleeding. This test will show if you have blood in your stool, which can be a
sign of a polyp.
 DRUGS
Trimetazidine

Generic Name: Trimetazidine

Brand Name: Vastarel

Classification: Antianginals

Trimetazidine is used for:

A long-term treatment of angina pectoris.

Do NOT use Trimetazidine if:

Patients are allergic to any ingredient in trimetazidine, have a history of kidney disease, and with
Parkinson disease, restless leg syndrome or other movement disorders.

Side effects of Trimetazidine:

 Gastrointestinal disturbances: nausea and vomiting

 Allergy: Skin rash and hives
 Cardiovascular: Palpitations, fall in blood pressure
 Nervous system: Headache, movement disorders like drug-induced Parkinsonism with
symptoms like tremors and increased muscle tone, restless leg syndrome and gait
problems
 Blood: Decreased white blood cells and platelets
 Liver: Liver dysfunction

Enalapril

Generic Name: Enalapril

Brand Names: Epaned, Vasotec

Classification: ACE inhibitor

Enalapril is used for:

To treat high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults and children who are at least 1 month old.
Enalapril is also used to treat a disorder of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart that
allow blood to flow out of the heart). This disorder can decrease the heart's ability to pump blood
to the body.
Do NOT use Enalapril if:

Patients are allergic to drug, have a history of angioedema, have recently took a heart medicine
called sacubatril.

Side effects of Enalapril:

 a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out

 slow heartbeats
 pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest
 little or no urination
 jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
 numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet
 fever, chills, cold or flu symptoms
 easy bruising, unusual bleeding

Atorvastatin

Generic Name: Atorvastatin

Brand Names: Lipitor

Classification: Reductase inhibitor

Atorvastatin is used for:

Atorvastatin reduces levels of "bad" cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and

triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of "good" cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein,
or HDL). Atorvastatin is used to treat high cholesterol, and to lower the risk of stroke, heart
attack, or other heart complications in people with type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, or
other risk factors.

Do NOT use Atorvastatin if:

Patients are allergic to drug, have liver disease, or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

 Side effects of Atorvastatin

 joint pain
 stuffy nose, sore throat
 diarrhea
 pain in your arms or legs
 TYPES OF SURGERY
Colectomy

Is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the colon. Your colon, also called your large
intestine, is a long tube like organ at the end of your digestive tract. Colectomy may be necessary
to treat or prevent diseases and conditions that affect your colon.

There are various types of colectomy operations:

 Total colectomy involves removing the entire colon.

 Partial colectomy involves removing part of the colon and may also be called subtotal
colectomy.
 Hemicolectomy involves removing the right or left portion of the colon.

Right Hemicolectomy Left Hemicolectomy

 Proctocolectomy involves removing both the colon and rectum.

Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to detect (find) and
diagnose colon cancer:
Sigmoidoscopy

A procedure use to look inside the rectum and sigmoid (lower) colon for polyps (small areas of
bulging tissue), other abnormal areas, or cancer. A sigmoidoscope is inserted through the rectum
into the sigmoid colon. A sigmoidoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for
viewing. It may also have a tool to remove polyps or tissue samples, which are checked under a
microscope for signs of cancer.

Colonoscopy

A procedure use to look inside the rectum and colon for polyps, abnormal areas, or cancer. A
colonoscope is inserted through the rectum into the colon. A colonoscope is a thin, tube-like
instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove polyps or tissue
samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer.

Barium enema
It is a series of x-rays of the lower gastrointestinal tract. A liquid that contains barium (a silver-
white metallic compound) is put into the rectum. The barium coats the lower gastrointestinal
tract and x-rays are taken. This procedure is also called a lower GI series.

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A test use to check stool (solid waste) for blood that can only be seen with a microscope. A small
sample of stool is placed on a special card or in a special container and returned to the doctor or
laboratory for testing. Blood in the stool may be a sign of polyps, cancer, or other conditions.

There are two types of FOBTs:

 Guaiac FOBT: The sample of stool on the special card is tested with a chemical.
If there is blood in the stool, the special card changes color.

A guaiac fecal occult blood test (FOBT) checks for occult (hidden) blood in the stool. Small
samples of stool are placed on a special card and returned to a doctor or laboratory for testing.

 Immunochemical FOBT: A liquid is added to the stool sample. This mixture is

injected into a machine that contains antibodies that can detect blood in the stool.
 If there is blood in the stool, a line appears in a window in the machine. This test
is also called fecal immunochemical test or FIT.

Is a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) checks for occult (hidden) blood in the stool. A small
sample of stool is placed in a special collection tube or on special cards and returned to a doctor
or laboratory for testing.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

Pre-Operative nursing care

 Assess the patient’s health history and the laboratory tests are performed.
 Assess client’s knowledge of her condition and the surgery.
 The nurse must know what information the physician has given the patient about the
surgery.

Intra Operative Nursing Care

  Prepare and assist for anesthesia.
 Assist in transferring the patient to the Operating table in supine position.
 Check for patency of the IV system.
 Monitor the client’s vital sings and report abnormalities.
 The skin over the surgical cites will be cleansed with an antiseptic solution.

Post Op Nursing Care

 Perform usual post-operative assessments.

 Evaluate psychological manifestations.
 Assess abdominal incision for bleeding and intactness.
 Assess abdominal bleeding.

PROGNOSIS
Colonic growths are typically slow-growing cancers that take years to develop. Because they
grow most often in a step-wise manner, screening can greatly reduce the likelihood of death
associated with the disease. Whether with virtual colonoscopy or newer screening techniques, the
future must focus first and foremost on better, more comprehensive screening programs that find
polyps and early cancers before they become life-threatening. The public also must be educated
on the value of screening programs. Survival rates for any cancer are often reported by stage, the
extent of spread when the cancer is identified. For colon and rectum cancer, around 39% are
diagnosed at the local stage, before the cancer has spread outside the local area. The five-year
survival for these patients with localized colon and rectum cancer is around 90%. Blood tests are
now available to test for hereditary colon cancer syndromes. Families with multiple members
having colon cancers, multiple colon polyps, cancers at young ages, and other cancers such as
cancers of the ureters, uterus, duodenum, and more, may take advantage of resources such as
genetic counseling, followed possibly by genetic testing. Genetic testing without prior
counseling is discouraged because of the extensive family education that is involved and the
complicated nature of interpreting the test results.
REFERENCES

 https://www.healthline.com/health/colorectal-polyps
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colectomy/about/pac-
20384631
 http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/colon_growth.htm