THE SEVEN

WONDERS OF
THE WORLD
TAJ MAHAL
INFORMATION
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Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed
in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project
for another 10 years.
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The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed
in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be
around 32 million rupees, which in 2020 would be
approximately 70 billion rupees (about U.S. $916 million).
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The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans
under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court
architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
INFORMATION
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The Taj Mahal 'Crown of the Palace',is an ivory-white marble
mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of
Agra.

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It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
(reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favourite
wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan
himself.
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The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex,
which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal
gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
 INFORMATION
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The Great Wall of China is the collective name of a series of
fortification systems generally built across the historical northern
borders of China to protect and consolidate territories of Chinese
states and empires against various nomadic groups of the steppe
and their polities.
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Several walls were being built from as early as the 7th century BC
by ancient Chinese states;selective stretches were later joined
together by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC), the first emperor of
China.
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Little of the Qin wall remains.Later on, many successive
dynasties have built and maintained multiple stretches of border
walls. The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the
Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
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INFORMATION
Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border
controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk
Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and
emigration.
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Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by
the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling
capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the
Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
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The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses.
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Collectively, they stretch from Liaodong in the east to Lop Lake in the west,
from the present-day Sino–Russian border in the north to Taohe River in the
south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of Mongolian steppe.
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A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has
concluded that the walls built by the Ming dynasty measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).
MACHU PICCHU
 INFORMATION
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Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel, located in the Eastern
Cordillera of southern Peru,on a 2,430-metre (7,970 ft) mountain ridge.
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It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu
District,above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi)
northwest of Cuzco.
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The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and
creating a canyon with a tropical mountain climate.
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For most speakers of English or Spanish, the first 'c' in Picchu is
silent.
 INFORMATION
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Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was constructed
as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472).
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Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is
the most familiar icon of Inca civilization.
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The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century
later at the time of theSpanish conquest.
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Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during
the colonial period and remained unknown to theoutside world
until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to
international attention in 1911.

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Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished
dry-stone walls.
CHRIST THE REDEEMER
 INFORMATION
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Christ the Redeemer is an Art Deco statue of
Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, created by
French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by
Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa, in
collaboration with French engineer Albert
Caquot.

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Romanian sculptor Gheorghe Leonida fashioned
the face. Constructed between 1922 and 1931, the
statue is 30 metres (98 ft) high, excluding its 8-
metre (26 ft) pedestal. The arms stretch 28 metres
(92 ft) wide.
 INFORMATION
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The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700
short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700
metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca
Forest National Park overlooking the city of Rio
de Janeiro.

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A symbol of Christianity across the world, the
statue has also become a cultural icon of both
Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, and is listed as one of
the New7Wonders of the World.

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It is made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.
PETRA
 INFORMATION
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Petra originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu,is a historical and
archaeological city in southern Jordan.
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Petra lies around Jabal Al-Madbah in a basin surrounded by mountains
which form the eastern flank of the Arabah valley that runs from the
Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba.
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The area around Petra has been inhabited as early as 7,000 BC,and the
Nabataeans might have settled in what would become the capital city of
their kingdom, as early as the 4th century BC.
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However, archaeological work has only discovered evidence of
Nabataean presence dating back to the second century BC,by which
time Petra had become their capital.
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The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra's proximity
to the trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub.
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INFORMATION
The trading business gained the Nabataeans considerable
revenue and Petra became the focus of their wealth.
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The Nabataeans were accustomed to living in the barren deserts,
unlike their enemies, and were able to repel attacks by taking
advantage of the area's mountainous terrain.
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They were particularly skillful in harvesting rainwater, agriculture
and stone carving.
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Petra flourished in the 1st century AD, when its famous Khazneh
structure – believed to be the mausoleum of Nabataean king
Aretas IV – was constructed, and its population peaked at an
estimated 20,000 inhabitants.
CHICHEN ITZA
 INFORMATION
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Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the
Late Classic (AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (AD 800–900) and
into the early portion of the Postclassic period (AD 900–1200).

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The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen
in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya
lowlands.

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The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been
representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but
most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles
more as the result of cultural diffusion.
 INFORMATION
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Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely
to have been one of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referred
to in later Mesoamerican literature.
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The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya
world, a factor that could have contributed to the variety of
architectural styles at the site.

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The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site's
stewardship is maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de
Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and
History).
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The land under the monuments had been privately owned until
29 March 2010, when it was purchased by the state of Yucatán.
THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM
 INFORMATION
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The Colosseum could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000
spectators at various points of its history over the
centuries,having an average audience of some 65,000;it was used
for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea
battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in
with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts,
executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based
on Classical mythology.

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The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early
medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing,
workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and
a Christian shrine.
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INFORMATION
Although substantially ruined because of earthquakes and
stone-robbers, the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of
Imperial Rome and is listed as one of the New7Wonders of
the World.
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It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and also has
links to the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the
Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in
the area around the Colosseum.

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In 2018, it was the most popular tourist attraction in the
world, with 7.4 million visitors.
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The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the
five-cent euro coin.
7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD
THANK YOU!