HTM by Alphabet

Tag Description
 Defines a comment
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type
<a> Defines a hyperlink
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<acronym> Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.

Defines an acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<applet> Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.

Defines an embedded applet
<area> Defines an area inside an image map
<article> Defines an article
<aside> Defines content aside from the page content
<audio> Defines embedded sound content
<b> Defines bold text
<base> Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
<bdi> Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text
outside it
<bdo> Overrides the current text direction

<big> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.
Defines big text
<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<body> Defines the document's body
<br> Defines a single line break
<button> Defines a clickable button
<canvas> Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<caption> Defines a table caption
<center> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines centered text
<cite> Defines the title of a work
<code> Defines a piece of computer code
<col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<data> Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<dd> Defines a description/value of a term in a description list
<del> Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<details> Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dfn> Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content

<dialog> Defines a dialog box or window
<dir> Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.

Defines a directory list
<div> Defines a section in a document
<dl> Defines a description list
<dt> Defines a term/name in a description list
<em> Defines emphasized text
<embed> Defines a container for an external application
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure> Specifies self-contained content
<font> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines font, color, and size for text
<footer> Defines a footer for a document or section
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<frame> Not supported in HTML5.

Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset> Not supported in HTML5.

Defines a set of frames
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<head> Contains metadata/information for the document

<header> Defines a header for a document or section
<hr> Defines a thematic change in the content
<html> Defines the root of an HTML document
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<iframe> Defines an inline frame
<img> Defines an image
<input> Defines an input control
<ins> Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd> Defines keyboard input
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<li> Defines a list item
<link> Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link
to style sheets)
<main> Specifies the main content of a document
<map> Defines an image map
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
<meta> Defines metadata about an HTML document
<meter> Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav> Defines navigation links

<noframes> Not supported in HTML5.
Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<noscript> Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<object> Defines a container for an external application
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<output> Defines the result of a calculation
<p> Defines a paragraph
<param> Defines a parameter for an object
<picture> Defines a container for multiple image resources
<pre> Defines preformatted text
<progress> Represents the progress of a task
<q> Defines a short quotation
<rp> Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt> Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby> Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s> Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp> Defines sample output from a computer program
<script> Defines a client-side script

<section> Defines a section in a document
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<small> Defines smaller text
<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<span> Defines a section in a document
<strike> Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.

Defines strikethrough text
<strong> Defines important text
<style> Defines style information for a document
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<summary> Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<svg> Defines a container for SVG graphics
<table> Defines a table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<td> Defines a cell in a table
<template> Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
<th> Defines a header cell in a table

<thead> Groups the header content in a table
<time> Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<title> Defines a title for the document
<tr> Defines a row in a table
<track> Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<tt> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines teletype text
<u> Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<var> Defines a variable
<video> Defines embedded video content
<wbr> Defines a possible line-break
Basic HTML
Tag Description
<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type
<html> Defines an HTML document
<head> Contains metadata/information for the document
<title> Defines a title for the document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<p> Defines a paragraph
<br> Inserts a single line break
<hr> Defines a thematic change in the content
 Defines a comment
Formatting
Tag Description
<acronym> Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.

Defines an acronym
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document/article
<b> Defines bold text
<bdi> Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo> Overrides the current text direction
<big> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines big text
<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<center> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines centered text
<cite> Defines the title of a work
<code> Defines a piece of computer code
<del> Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<dfn> Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<em> Defines emphasized text
<font> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines font, color, and size for text
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<ins> Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd> Defines keyboard input
<mark> Defines marked/highlighted text
<meter> Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<pre> Defines preformatted text
<progress> Represents the progress of a task
<q> Defines a short quotation

<rp> Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt> Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby> Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s> Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp> Defines sample output from a computer program
<small> Defines smaller text
<strike> Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead.

Defines strikethrough text
<strong> Defines important text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<template> Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<time> Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<tt> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Defines teletype text
<u> Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<var> Defines a variable
<wbr> Defines a possible line-break
Forms and Input

Tag Description
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<button> Defines a clickable button
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<output> Defines the result of a calculation
Frames
Tag Description
<frame> Not supported in HTML5.

Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset> Not supported in HTML5.

Defines a set of frames
<noframes> Not supported in HTML5.

Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<iframe> Defines an inline frame
Images
Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines a client-side image map
<area> Defines an area inside an image map
<canvas> Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure> Specifies self-contained content
<picture> Defines a container for multiple image resources
<svg> Defines a container for SVG graphics
Audio / Video
Tag Description
<audio> Defines sound content
<source> Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video>, <audio> and <picture>)
<track> Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<video> Defines a video or movie
Links
Tag Description
<a> Defines a hyperlink
<link> Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style
sheets)
<nav> Defines navigation links
Lists
Tag Description
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dir> Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.

Defines a directory list
<dl> Defines a description list
<dt> Defines a term/name in a description list
<dd> Defines a description of a term/name in a description list
Tables
Tag Description
<table> Defines a table
<caption> Defines a table caption
<th> Defines a header cell in a table
<tr> Defines a row in a table

<td> Defines a cell in a table
<thead> Groups the header content in a table
<tbody> Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table
<col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
Styles and Semantics

Tag Description
<style> Defines style information for a document
<div> Defines a section in a document
<span> Defines a section in a document
<header> Defines a header for a document or section
<footer> Defines a footer for a document or section
<main> Specifies the main content of a document
<section> Defines a section in a document
<article> Defines an article
<aside> Defines content aside from the page content
<details> Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dialog> Defines a dialog box or window

<summary> Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<data> Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
Meta Info
Tag Description
<head> Defines information about the document
<meta> Defines metadata about an HTML document
<base> Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
Programming
Tag Description
<script> Defines a client-side script
<noscript> Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<applet> Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.

Defines an embedded applet
<embed> Defines a container for an external (non-HTML) application
<object> Defines an embedded object
<param> Defines a parameter for an object
HTML Attribute Reference

The table below lists all HTML attributes and what elements they can be used within:
Attribute Belongs to Description
accept <input> Specifies the types of files that the server accepts (only for
type="file")
accept- <form> Specifies the character encodings that are to be used for
charset the form submission
accesskey Global Attributes Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element
action <form> Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is

submitted
align Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the alignment according to surrounding

elements. Use CSS instead
alt <area>, <img>, <input> Specifies an alternate text when the original element fails
to display
async <script> Specifies that the script is executed asynchronously (only

for external scripts)
autocomplete <form>, <input> Specifies whether the <form> or the <input> element
should have autocomplete enabled
autofocus <button>, <input>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies that the element should automatically get focus
when the page loads
autoplay <audio>, <video> Specifies that the audio/video will start playing as soon as
it is ready
bgcolor Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the background color of an element. Use CSS
instead
border Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the width of the border of an element. Use CSS
instead
charset <meta>, <script> Specifies the character encoding
checked <input> Specifies that an <input> element should be pre-selected

when the page loads (for type="checkbox" or
type="radio")
cite <blockquote>, <del>, <ins>, <q> Specifies a URL which explains the quote/deleted/inserted
text
class Global Attributes Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to
a class in a style sheet)
color Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the text color of an element. Use CSS instead
cols <textarea> Specifies the visible width of a text area
colspan <td>, <th> Specifies the number of columns a table cell should span
content <meta> Gives the value associated with the http-equiv or name
attribute
contentedita Global Attributes Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or

ble not
controls <audio>, <video> Specifies that audio/video controls should be displayed

(such as a play/pause button etc)
coords <area> Specifies the coordinates of the area
data <object> Specifies the URL of the resource to be used by the object
data-* Global Attributes Used to store custom data private to the page or
application
datetime <del>, <ins>, <time> Specifies the date and time
default <track> Specifies that the track is to be enabled if the user's

preferences do not indicate that another track would be
more appropriate
defer <script> Specifies that the script is executed when the page has
finished parsing (only for external scripts)
dir Global Attributes Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
dirname <input>, <textarea> Specifies that the text direction will be submitted
disabled <button>, <fieldset>, <input>, Specifies that the specified element/group of elements
<optgroup>, <option>, <select>, <textarea> should be disabled
download <a>, <area> Specifies that the target will be downloaded when a user
clicks on the hyperlink
draggable Global Attributes Specifies whether an element is draggable or not
enctype <form> Specifies how the form-data should be encoded when

submitting it to the server (only for method="post")
for <label>, <output> Specifies which form element(s) a label/calculation is

bound to
form <button>, <fieldset>, <input>, Specifies the name of the form the element belongs to
<label>, <meter>, <object>, <output>, <select>, <textar
ea>
formaction <button>, <input> Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is
submitted. Only for type="submit"
headers <td>, <th> Specifies one or more headers cells a cell is related to
height <canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object> Specifies the height of the element
, <video>
hidden Global Attributes Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer,

relevant
high <meter> Specifies the range that is considered to be a high value
href <a>, <area>, <base>, <link> Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
hreflang <a>, <area>, <link> Specifies the language of the linked document
http-equiv <meta> Provides an HTTP header for the information/value of the

content attribute
id Global Attributes Specifies a unique id for an element
ismap <img> Specifies an image as a server-side image map
kind <track> Specifies the kind of text track
label <track>, <option>, <optgroup> Specifies the title of the text track
lang Global Attributes Specifies the language of the element's content
list <input> Refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined

options for an <input> element
loop <audio>, <video> Specifies that the audio/video will start over again, every
time it is finished
low <meter> Specifies the range that is considered to be a low value
max <input>, <meter>, <progress> Specifies the maximum value
maxlength <input>, <textarea> Specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in an

element
media <a>, <area>, <link>, <source>, <style> Specifies what media/device the linked document is
optimized for
method <form> Specifies the HTTP method to use when sending form-data
min <input>, <meter> Specifies a minimum value
multiple <input>, <select> Specifies that a user can enter more than one value
muted <video>, <audio> Specifies that the audio output of the video should be
muted
name <button>, <fieldset>, <form>, <iframe>, <input>, <map> Specifies the name of the element
, <meta>, <object>, <output>, <param>, <select>, <texta
rea>
novalidate <form> Specifies that the form should not be validated when
submitted
onabort <audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <video> Script to be run on abort
onafterprint <body> Script to be run after the document is printed
onbeforeprint <body> Script to be run before the document is printed
onbeforeunlo <body> Script to be run when the document is about to be

ad unloaded
onblur All visible elements. Script to be run when the element loses focus
oncanplay <audio>, <embed>, <object>, <video> Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when
it has buffered enough to begin)
oncanplaythr <audio>, <video> Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the
ough end without pausing for buffering
onchange All visible elements. Script to be run when the value of the element is changed
onclick All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being clicked
oncontextme All visible elements. Script to be run when a context menu is triggered
nu
oncopy All visible elements. Script to be run when the content of the element is being
copied
oncuechange <track> Script to be run when the cue changes in

a <track> element
oncut All visible elements. Script to be run when the content of the element is being
cut
ondblclick All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being double-clicked
ondrag All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being dragged
ondragend All visible elements. Script to be run at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter All visible elements. Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a
valid drop target
ondragleave All visible elements. Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover All visible elements. Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a
valid drop target
ondragstart All visible elements. Script to be run at the start of a drag operation
ondrop All visible elements. Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped
ondurationch <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the length of the media changes
ange
onemptied <audio>, <video> Script to be run when something bad happens and the file
is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects)
onended <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a
useful event for messages like "thanks for listening")
onerror <audio>, <body>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <script>, < Script to be run when an error occurs
style>, <video>
onfocus All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets focus
onhashchang <body> Script to be run when there has been changes to the
e anchor part of the a URL
oninput All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets user input
oninvalid All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is invalid
onkeydown All visible elements. Script to be run when a user is pressing a key
onkeypress All visible elements. Script to be run when a user presses a key
onkeyup All visible elements. Script to be run when a user releases a key
onload <body>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <link>, <script>, <styl Script to be run when the element is finished loading
e>
onloadeddata <audio>, <video> Script to be run when media data is loaded
onloadedmet <audio>, <video> Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and
adata duration) are loaded
onloadstart <audio>, <video> Script to be run just as the file begins to load before
anything is actually loaded
onmousedow All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse button is pressed down on
n an element
onmousemov All visible elements. Script to be run as long as the mouse pointer is moving
e over an element
onmouseout All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves out of an
element
onmouseover All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves over an
element
onmouseup All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse button is released over an
element
onmousewhe All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse wheel is being scrolled over
el an element
onoffline <body> Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline
ononline <body> Script to be run when the browser starts to work online
onpagehide <body> Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page
onpageshow <body> Script to be run when a user navigates to a page
onpaste All visible elements. Script to be run when the user pastes some content in an
element
onpause <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media is paused either by the
user or programmatically
onplay <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has started playing
onplaying <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has started playing
onpopstate <body> Script to be run when the window's history changes.
onprogress <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the browser is in the process of
getting the media data
onratechange <audio>, <video> Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like
when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward
mode).
onreset <form> Script to be run when a reset button in a form is clicked.
onresize <body> Script to be run when the browser window is being resized.
onscroll All visible elements. Script to be run when an element's scrollbar is being
scrolled
onsearch <input> Script to be run when the user writes something in a

search field (for <input type="search">)
onseeked <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false
indicating that seeking has ended
onseeking <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true
indicating that seeking is active
onselect All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets selected
onstalled <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the
media data for whatever reason
onstorage <body> Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated
onsubmit <form> Script to be run when a form is submitted
onsuspend <audio>, <video> Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped
before it is completely loaded for whatever reason
ontimeupdat <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the playing position has changed
e (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the
media)
ontoggle <details> Script to be run when the user opens or closes the
<details> element
onunload <body> Script to be run when a page has unloaded (or the browser
window has been closed)
onvolumecha <audio>, <video> Script to be run each time the volume of a video/audio has
nge been changed
onwaiting <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has paused but is
expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer
more data)
onwheel All visible elements. Script to be run when the mouse wheel rolls up or down
over an element
open <details> Specifies that the details should be visible (open) to the
user
optimum <meter> Specifies what value is the optimal value for the gauge
pattern <input> Specifies a regular expression that an <input> element's

value is checked against
placeholder <input>, <textarea> Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of
the element
poster <video> Specifies an image to be shown while the video is

downloading, or until the user hits the play button
preload <audio>, <video> Specifies if and how the author thinks the audio/video
should be loaded when the page loads
readonly <input>, <textarea> Specifies that the element is read-only
rel <a>, <area>, <form>, <link> Specifies the relationship between the current document
and the linked document
required <input>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies that the element must be filled out before
submitting the form
reversed <ol> Specifies that the list order should be descending (9,8,7...)
rows <textarea> Specifies the visible number of lines in a text area
rowspan <td>, <th> Specifies the number of rows a table cell should span
sandbox <iframe> Enables an extra set of restrictions for the content in an

<iframe>
scope <th> Specifies whether a header cell is a header for a column,

row, or group of columns or rows
selected <option> Specifies that an option should be pre-selected when the

page loads
shape <area> Specifies the shape of the area
size <input>, <select> Specifies the width, in characters (for <input>) or specifies
the number of visible options (for <select>)
sizes <img>, <link>, <source> Specifies the size of the linked resource
span <col>, <colgroup> Specifies the number of columns to span
spellcheck Global Attributes Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and
grammar checked or not
src <audio>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <script>, Specifies the URL of the media file
<source>, <track>, <video>
srcdoc <iframe> Specifies the HTML content of the page to show in the
<iframe>
srclang <track> Specifies the language of the track text data (required if
kind="subtitles")
srcset <img>, <source> Specifies the URL of the image to use in different situations
start <ol> Specifies the start value of an ordered list
step <input> Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field
style Global Attributes Specifies an inline CSS style for an element
tabindex Global Attributes Specifies the tabbing order of an element
target <a>, <area>, <base>, <form> Specifies the target for where to open the linked document
or where to submit the form
title Global Attributes Specifies extra information about an element
translate Global Attributes Specifies whether the content of an element should be

translated or not
type <a>, <button>, <embed>, <input>, <link>, <menu>, <obj Specifies the type of element
ect>, <script>, <source>, <style>
usemap <img>, <object> Specifies an image as a client-side image map
value <button>, <input>, <li>, <option>, <meter>, <progress>, Specifies the value of the element
<param>
width <canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object> Specifies the width of the element
, <video>
wrap <textarea> Specifies how the text in a text area is to be wrapped when
submitted in a form
The global attributes are attributes that can be used with all HTML elements.
Attribute Description
accesskey Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element
class Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet)
contenteditable Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not
data-* Used to store custom data private to the page or application
dir Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
draggable Specifies whether an element is draggable or not
hidden Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant
id Specifies a unique id for an element
lang Specifies the language of the element's content
spellcheck Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked or not
style Specifies an inline CSS style for an element
tabindex Specifies the tabbing order of an element
title Specifies extra information about an element
translate Specifies whether the content of an element should be translated or not
Global Event Attributes

HTML has the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on
an element.
To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial.
Below are the global event attributes that can be added to HTML elements to define event actions.
Window Event Attributes
Events triggered for the window object (applies to the <body> tag):
Attribute Value Description
onafterprint script Script to be run after the document is printed
onbeforeprint script Script to be run before the document is printed
onbeforeunload script Script to be run when the document is about to be unloaded
onerror script Script to be run when an error occurs
onhashchange script Script to be run when there has been changes to the anchor part of the a URL
onload script Fires after the page is finished loading
Onmessage script Script to be run when the message is triggered
onoffline script Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline
ononline script Script to be run when the browser starts to work online
Onpagehide script Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page
onpageshow script Script to be run when a user navigates to a page
Onpopstate script Script to be run when the window's history changes
onresize script Fires when the browser window is resized
Onstorage script Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated

onunload script Fires once a page has unloaded (or the browser window has been closed)
Form Events
Events triggered by actions inside a HTML form (applies to almost all HTML elements, but is most used in form
elements):
onblur script Fires the moment that the element loses focus
onchange script Fires the moment when the value of the element is changed
oncontextmenu script Script to be run when a context menu is triggered
onfocus script Fires the moment when the element gets focus
oninput script Script to be run when an element gets user input
oninvalid script Script to be run when an element is invalid
onreset script Fires when the Reset button in a form is clicked
onsearch script Fires when the user writes something in a search field (for <input="search">)
onselect script Fires after some text has been selected in an element
onsubmit script Fires when a form is submitted
Keyboard Events
onkeydown script Fires when a user is pressing a key
onkeypress script Fires when a user presses a key
onkeyup script Fires when a user releases a key
Mouse Events
onclick script Fires on a mouse click on the element
ondblclick script Fires on a mouse double-click on the element
onmousedown script Fires when a mouse button is pressed down on an element
onmousemove script Fires when the mouse pointer is moving while it is over an element
onmouseout script Fires when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover script Fires when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup script Fires when a mouse button is released over an element
Onmousewheel script Deprecated. Use the onwheel attribute instead
onwheel script Fires when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element
Drag Events
ondrag script Script to be run when an element is dragged

ondragend script Script to be run at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter script Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target
ondragleave script Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover script Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target
ondragstart script Script to be run at the start of a drag operation
ondrop script Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped
onscroll script Script to be run when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled
Clipboard Events
oncopy script Fires when the user copies the content of an element
oncut script Fires when the user cuts the content of an element
onpaste script Fires when the user pastes some content in an element
Media Events
Events triggered by medias like videos, images and audio (applies to all HTML elements, but is most common in media elements, like
<audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, and <video>).
Tip: Look at our HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference for more information.
Onabort script Script to be run on abort

Oncanplay script Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin)
Oncanplaythrough script Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for
buffering
Oncuechange script Script to be run when the cue changes in a <track> element
Ondurationchange script Script to be run when the length of the media changes
Onemptied script Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like
unexpectedly disconnects)
Onended script Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like
"thanks for listening")
Onerror script Script to be run when an error occurs when the file is being loaded
Onloadeddata script Script to be run when media data is loaded
Onloadedmetadata script Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded
Onloadstart script Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded
Onpause script Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically
Onplay script Script to be run when the media is ready to start playing
Onplaying script Script to be run when the media actually has started playing
Onprogress script Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data
Onratechange script Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow
motion or fast forward mode)
Onseeked script Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended
Onseeking script Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active
Onstalled script Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason
Onsuspend script Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for
whatever reason
Ontimeupdate script Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards
to a different point in the media)
Onvolumechange script Script to be run each time the volume is changed which (includes setting the volume to
"mute")
Onwaiting script Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the
media pauses to buffer more data)
Misc Events
ontoggle script Fires when the user opens or closes the <details> element
Color Names Supported by All Browsers

All modern browsers support the following 140 color names (click on a color name, or a hex value, to view the
color as the background-color along with different text colors):
For a full overview of HTML colors, visit our colors tutorial.

AliceBlue
#F0F8FF
AntiqueWhite
#FAEBD7
Aqua
#00FFFF
Aquamarine
#7FFFD4
Azure
#F0FFFF
Beige
#F5F5DC
Bisque
#FFE4C4
Black
#000000
BlanchedAlmond
#FFEBCD
Blue
#0000FF
BlueViolet
#8A2BE2
Brown
#A52A2A
BurlyWood
#DEB887
CadetBlue
#5F9EA0
Chartreuse
#7FFF00
Chocolate
#D2691E
Coral
#FF7F50
CornflowerBlue
#6495ED
Cornsilk
#FFF8DC
Crimson
#DC143C
Cyan
#00FFFF
DarkBlue
#00008B
DarkCyan
#008B8B
DarkGoldenRod
#B8860B
DarkGray
#A9A9A9
DarkGrey
#A9A9A9
DarkGreen
#006400
DarkKhaki
#BDB76B
DarkMagenta
#8B008B
DarkOliveGreen
#556B2F
DarkOrange
#FF8C00
DarkOrchid
#9932CC
DarkRed
#8B0000
DarkSalmon
#E9967A
DarkSeaGreen
#8FBC8F
DarkSlateBlue
#483D8B
DarkSlateGray
#2F4F4F
DarkSlateGrey
#2F4F4F
DarkTurquoise
#00CED1
DarkViolet
#9400D3
DeepPink
#FF1493
DeepSkyBlue
#00BFFF
DimGray
#696969
DimGrey
#696969
DodgerBlue
#1E90FF
FireBrick
#B22222
FloralWhite
#FFFAF0
ForestGreen
#228B22
Fuchsia
#FF00FF
Gainsboro
#DCDCDC
GhostWhite
#F8F8FF
Gold
#FFD700
GoldenRod
#DAA520
Gray
#808080
Grey
#808080
Green
#008000
GreenYellow
#ADFF2F
HoneyDew
#F0FFF0
HotPink
#FF69B4
IndianRed
#CD5C5C
Indigo
#4B0082
Ivory
#FFFFF0
Khaki
#F0E68C
Lavender
#E6E6FA
LavenderBlush
#FFF0F5
LawnGreen
#7CFC00
LemonChiffon
#FFFACD
LightBlue
#ADD8E6
LightCoral
#F08080
LightCyan
#E0FFFF
LightGoldenRodYellow
#FAFAD2
LightGray
#D3D3D3
LightGrey
#D3D3D3
LightGreen
#90EE90
LightPink
#FFB6C1
LightSalmon
#FFA07A
LightSeaGreen
#20B2AA
LightSkyBlue
#87CEFA
LightSlateGray
#778899
LightSlateGrey
#778899
LightSteelBlue
#B0C4DE
LightYellow
#FFFFE0
Lime
#00FF00
LimeGreen
#32CD32
Linen
#FAF0E6
Magenta
#FF00FF
Maroon
#800000
MediumAquaMarine
#66CDAA
MediumBlue
#0000CD
MediumOrchid
#BA55D3
MediumPurple
#9370DB
MediumSeaGreen
#3CB371
MediumSlateBlue
#7B68EE
MediumSpringGreen
#00FA9A
MediumTurquoise
#48D1CC
MediumVioletRed
#C71585
MidnightBlue
#191970
MintCream
#F5FFFA
MistyRose
#FFE4E1
Moccasin
#FFE4B5
NavajoWhite
#FFDEAD
Navy
#000080
OldLace
#FDF5E6
Olive
#808000
OliveDrab
#6B8E23
Orange
#FFA500
OrangeRed
#FF4500
Orchid
#DA70D6
PaleGoldenRod
#EEE8AA
PaleGreen
#98FB98
PaleTurquoise
#AFEEEE
PaleVioletRed
#DB7093
PapayaWhip
#FFEFD5
PeachPuff
#FFDAB9
Peru
#CD853F
Pink
#FFC0CB
Plum
#DDA0DD
PowderBlue
#B0E0E6
Purple
#800080
RebeccaPurple
#663399
Red
#FF0000
RosyBrown
#BC8F8F
RoyalBlue
#4169E1
SaddleBrown
#8B4513
Salmon
#FA8072
SandyBrown
#F4A460
SeaGreen
#2E8B57
SeaShell
#FFF5EE
Sienna
#A0522D
Silver
#C0C0C0
SkyBlue
#87CEEB
SlateBlue
#6A5ACD
SlateGray
#708090
SlateGrey
#708090
Snow
#FFFAFA
SpringGreen
#00FF7F
SteelBlue
#4682B4
Tan
#D2B48C
Teal
#008080
Thistle
#D8BFD8
Tomato
#FF6347
Turquoise
#40E0D0
Violet
#EE82EE
Wheat
#F5DEB3
White
#FFFFFF
WhiteSmoke
#F5F5F5
Yellow
#FFFF00
YellowGreen
#9ACD32
The <canvas> element defines a bitmapped area in an HTML page.
The Canvas API allows JavaScript to draw graphics on the canvas.
The Canvas API can draw shapes, lines, curves, boxes, text, and images, with colors, rotations, transparencies,
and other pixel manipulations.
You can add a canvas element anywhere in an HTML page with the <canvas> tag:
Example
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="150"></canvas>
Try it Yourself »
You can access a <canvas> element with the HTML DOM method getElementById().
To draw in the canvas you need to create a 2D context object:
const myCanvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d");
Note
The HTML <canvas> element itself has no drawing abilities.
You must use JavaScript to draw any graphics.
The getContext() method returns an object with tools (methods) for drawing.
Drawing on the Canvas

After you have created a 2D context, you can draw on the canvas.
The fillRect() method draws a black rectangle with a top-left corner at position 20,20. The rectangle is 150
pixel wide and 100 pixels high.
Example
ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100);
Try it Yourself »
Using Colors
The fillStyle property sets the fill color of the drawing object:
Example
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100);
Try it Yourself »
You can also create a new <canvas> element with the document.createElement() method, and add the
element to an existing HTML page:
Example
const myCanvas = document.createElement("canvas");
document.body.appendChild(myCanvas);
ctx.fillStyle = "red";
ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100);
Try it Yourself »
Paths
The common way to draw on the canvas is to:
1. Begin a Path - beginPath()

2. Move to a Point - moveTo()
3. Draw in the Path - lineTo()
4. Draw the Path - stroke()
Example
const canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(20, 20);
ctx.lineTo(20, 100);
ctx.lineTo(70, 100);
ctx.stroke();
Try it Yourself »
Complete Canvas API Reference

This reference covers all Properties and Methods of the getContext("2d") Object, used to draw text, lines,
boxes, circles, pictures, and more on the canvas.
Drawing Methods
There are only 3 methods to draw directly on the canvas:
Method Description
fillRect() Draws a "filled" rectangle
strokeRect() Draws a rectangle (with no fill)
clearRect() Clears specified pixels within a rectangle
Path Methods
Method Description
beginPath() Begins a new path or resets the current path
closePath() Adds a line to the path from the current point to the start
isPointInPath() Returns true if the specified point is in the current path
moveTo() Moves the path to a point in the canvas (without drawing)
lineTo() Adds a line to the the path
fill() Fills the current path
rect() Adds a rectangle to the path
stroke() Draws the current path
Circles and Curves
bezierCurveTo() Adds a cubic Bézier curve to the path

arc() Adds an arc/curve (circle, or parts of a circle) to the path
arcTo() Adds an arc/curve between two tangents to the path
quadraticCurveTo() Adds a quadratic Bézier curve to the path
Text
Method/Prop Description
direction Sets or returns the direction used to draw text
fillText() Draws "filled" text on the canvas
font Sets or returns the font properties for text content
measureText() Returns an object that contains the width of the specified text
strokeText() Draws text on the canvas
textAlign Sets or returns the alignment for text content
textBaseline Sets or returns the text baseline used when drawing text
Colors, Styles, and Shadows

Method/Property Description
addColorStop() Specifies the colors and stop positions in a gradient object
createLinearGradient() Creates a linear gradient (to use on canvas content)
createPattern() Repeats a specified element in the specified direction
createRadialGradient() Creates a radial/circular gradient (to use on canvas content)

fillStyle Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used to fill the drawing
lineCap Sets or returns the style of the end caps for a line
lineJoin Sets or returns the type of corner created, when two lines meet
lineWidth Sets or returns the current line width
miterLimit Sets or returns the maximum miter length
shadowBlur Sets or returns the blur level for shadows
shadowColor Sets or returns the color to use for shadows
shadowOffsetX Sets or returns the horizontal distance of the shadow from the shape
shadowOffsetY Sets or returns the vertical distance of the shadow from the shape
strokeStyle Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used for strokes
Transformations
Method Description
scale() Scales the current drawing bigger or smaller
rotate() Rotates the current drawing
translate() Remaps the (0,0) position on the canvas
transform() Replaces the current transformation matrix for the drawing
setTransform() Resets the current transform to the identity matrix. Then runs transform()
Image Drawing
Method Description
drawImage() Draws an image, canvas, or video onto the canvas
The ImageData Object / Pixel Manipulation

Method/Property Description
createImageData() Creates a new, blank ImageData object
getImageData() Returns an ImageData object that copies the pixel data for the specified rectangle on a canvas
ImageData.data Returns an object that contains image data of a specified ImageData object
ImageData.height Returns the height of an ImageData object
ImageData.width Returns the width of an ImageData object
putImageData() Puts the image data (from a specified ImageData object) back onto the canvas
Compositing
Property Description
globalAlpha Sets or returns the current alpha or transparency value of the drawing
globalCompositeOperation Sets or returns how a new image are drawn onto an existing image
Other Methods
Method Description
clip() Clips a region of any shape and size from the original canvas
save() Saves the state of the current drawing context and all its atributes
restore() Restores the previously saved state and attributes
createEvent()
getContext()
toDataURL()
Standard Properties and Events

The canvas object also supports the standard properties and events.
Related Pages
HTML tutorial: HTML5 Canvas
HTML reference: HTML <canvas> tag
Browser Support
The <canvas> element is an HTML5 standard (2014).
Canvas API is supported in all modern browsers:
HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference

The HTML5 DOM has methods, properties, and events for the <audio> and <video> elements.
HTML Audio/Video Methods
Method Description
addTextTrack() Adds a new text track to the audio/video
canPlayType() Checks if the browser can play the specified audio/video type
load() Re-loads the audio/video element
play() Starts playing the audio/video
pause() Pauses the currently playing audio/video
HTML Audio/Video Properties

Property Description
audioTracks Returns an AudioTrackList object representing available audio tracks
autoplay Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start playing as soon as it is loaded
buffered Returns a TimeRanges object representing the buffered parts of the audio/video
controller Returns the MediaController object representing the current media controller of the
audio/video
controls Sets or returns whether the audio/video should display controls (like play/pause etc.)
crossOrigin Sets or returns the CORS settings of the audio/video
currentSrc Returns the URL of the current audio/video
currentTime Sets or returns the current playback position in the audio/video (in seconds)
defaultMuted Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be muted by default

defaultPlaybackRate Sets or returns the default speed of the audio/video playback
duration Returns the length of the current audio/video (in seconds)
ended Returns whether the playback of the audio/video has ended or not
error Returns a MediaError object representing the error state of the audio/video
loop Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start over again when finished
mediaGroup Sets or returns the group the audio/video belongs to (used to link multiple audio/video
elements)
muted Sets or returns whether the audio/video is muted or not
networkState Returns the current network state of the audio/video
paused Returns whether the audio/video is paused or not
playbackRate Sets or returns the speed of the audio/video playback
played Returns a TimeRanges object representing the played parts of the audio/video
preload Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be loaded when the page loads
readyState Returns the current ready state of the audio/video
seekable Returns a TimeRanges object representing the seekable parts of the audio/video
seeking Returns whether the user is currently seeking in the audio/video
src Sets or returns the current source of the audio/video element
startDate Returns a Date object representing the current time offset
textTracks Returns a TextTrackList object representing the available text tracks
videoTracks Deprecated. Do not use it.

volume Sets or returns the volume of the audio/video
HTML Audio/Video Events

Event Description
abort Fires when the loading of an audio/video is aborted
canplay Fires when the browser can start playing the audio/video
canplaythrough Fires when the browser can play through the audio/video without stopping for buffering
durationchange Fires when the duration of the audio/video is changed
emptied Fires when the current playlist is empty
ended Fires when the current playlist is ended
error Fires when an error occurred during the loading of an audio/video
loadeddata Fires when the browser has loaded the current frame of the audio/video
loadedmetadata Fires when the browser has loaded meta data for the audio/video
loadstart Fires when the browser starts looking for the audio/video
pause Fires when the audio/video has been paused
play Fires when the audio/video has been started or is no longer paused
playing Fires when the audio/video is playing after having been paused or stopped for buffering
progress Fires when the browser is downloading the audio/video
ratechange Fires when the playing speed of the audio/video is changed
seeked Fires when the user is finished moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video
seeking Fires when the user starts moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video
stalled Fires when the browser is trying to get media data, but data is not available
suspend Fires when the browser is intentionally not getting media data
timeupdate Fires when the current playback position has changed
volumechange Fires when the volume has been changed
waiting Fires when the video stops because it needs to buffer the next frame
Common HTML Character Sets

The default character set in HTML5 is UTF-8.
For a closer look, visit our Complete HTML Character Set Reference.
Number ASCII ANSI 8859-1 UTF-8 Description
32 space
33 ! ! ! ! exclamation mark
34 " " " " quotation mark
35 # # # # number sign
36 $ $ $ $ dollar sign
37 % % % % percent sign
38 & & & & Ampersand
39 ' ' ' ' Apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) right parenthesis
42 * * * * Asterisk
43 + + + + plus sign
44 , , , , Comma
45 - - - - hyphen-minus
46 . . . . full stop
47 / / / / Solidus
48 0 0 0 0 digit zero
49 1 1 1 1 digit one
50 2 2 2 2 digit two
51 3 3 3 3 digit three
52 4 4 4 4 digit four
53 5 5 5 5 digit five
54 6 6 6 6 digit six
55 7 7 7 7 digit seven
56 8 8 8 8 digit eight
57 9 9 9 9 digit nine
58 : : : : Colon
59 ; ; ; ; Semicolon
60 < < < < less-than sign
61 = = = = equals sign
62 > > > > greater-than sign
63 ? ? ? ? question mark
64 @ @ @ @ commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N

79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ left square bracket
92 \ \ \ \ reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ low line
96 ` ` ` ` grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a

98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t

117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { left curly bracket
124 | | | | vertical line
125 } } } } right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ Tilde
127 DEL
128 € euro sign
129 NOT USED
130 ‚ single low-9 quotation mark
131 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook
132 „ double low-9 quotation mark
133 … horizontal ellipsis
134 † Dagger
135 ‡ double dagger

136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
137 ‰ per mille sign
138 Š Latin capital letter S with caron
139 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 Œ Latin capital ligature OE
141 NOT USED
142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143 NOT USED
144 NOT USED
145 ‘ left single quotation mark
146 ’ right single quotation mark
147 “ left double quotation mark
148 ” right double quotation mark
149 • Bullet
150 – en dash
151 — em dash
152 ˜ small tilde
153 ™ trade mark sign
154 š Latin small letter s with caron

155 › single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 œ Latin small ligature oe
157 NOT USED
158 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 no-break space
161 ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162 ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163 £ £ £ pound sign
164 ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165 ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166 ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167 § § § section sign
168 ¨ ¨ ¨ Diaeresis
169 © © © copyright sign
170 ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171 « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173 soft hyphen

174 ® ® ® registered sign
175 ¯ ¯ ¯ Macron
176 ° ° ° degree sign
177 ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178 ² ² ² superscript two
179 ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180 ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181 µ µ µ micro sign
182 ¶ ¶ ¶ pilcrow sign
183 · · · middle dot
184 ¸ ¸ ¸ Cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186 º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187 » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190 ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192 À À À Latin capital letter A with grave

193 Á Á Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194 Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 Å Å Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
201 É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205 Í Í Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206 Î Î Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 Ï Ï Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 Ð Ð Ð Latin capital letter Eth
209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 Ò Ò Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211 Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute

212 Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 × × × multiplication sign
216 Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 Ý Ý Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
223 ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224 à à à Latin small letter a with grave
225 á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226 â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 æ æ æ Latin small letter ae

231 ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233 é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234 ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235 ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238 î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241 ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248 ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave

250 ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252 ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
254 þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255 ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis
HTML Error Messages

When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur, and the server might return an error code like "404 Not
Found".
It is common to name these errors HTML error messages.
But these messages are something called HTTP status messages. In fact, the server always returns a message for every request. The most
common message is 200 OK.
Below is a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned:
1xx: Information
Message: Description:
100 Continue The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to send the
request body
101 Switching Protocols The requester has asked the server to switch protocols
103 Early Hints Used with the Link header to allow the browser to start preloading resources while the
server prepares a response
2xx: Successful
200 OK The request is OK (this is the standard response for successful HTTP requests)
201 Created The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created
202 Accepted The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not
been completed
203 Non-Authoritative Information The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information
that may be from another source
204 No Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content
205 Reset Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any
content, and requires that the requester reset the document view
206 Partial Content The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent
by the client
3xx: Redirection
300 Multiple Choices A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five
addresses
301 Moved Permanently The requested page has moved to a new URL
302 Found The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
303 See Other The requested page can be found under a different URL
304 Not Modified Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested
307 Temporary Redirect The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
308 Permanent Redirect The requested page has moved permanently to a new URL
4xx: Client Error

400 Bad Request The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax
401 Unauthorized The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it.
For use when authentication is possible but has failed or not yet been
provided
402 Payment Required Reserved for future use
403 Forbidden The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it
404 Not Found The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the
future
405 Method Not Allowed A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that
page
406 Not Acceptable The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client
407 Proxy Authentication Required The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy
408 Request Timeout The server timed out waiting for the request
409 Conflict The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request
410 Gone The requested page is no longer available

411 Length Required The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request
without it
412 Precondition Failed The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server
413 Request Too Large The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large
414 Request-URI Too Long The server will not accept the request, because the URI is too long. Occurs
when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long query
information
415 Unsupported Media Type The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not
supported
416 Range Not Satisfiable The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that
portion
417 Expectation Failed The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field
5xx: Server Error

500 Internal Server Error A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable
501 Not Implemented The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the
ability to fulfill the request
502 Bad Gateway The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response
from the upstream server
503 Service Unavailable The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down)
504 Gateway Timeout The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely
response from the upstream server
505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request
511 Network Authentication Required The client needs to authenticate to gain network access
What is HTTP?
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is designed to enable communications between clients and servers.
HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server.
Example: A client (browser) sends an HTTP request to the server; then the server returns a response to the client. The response contains
status information about the request and may also contain the requested content.
HTTP Methods
 GET
 POST
 PUT
 HEAD
 DELETE
 PATCH
 OPTIONS
 CONNECT
 TRACE
The two most common HTTP methods are: GET and POST.
The GET Method

GET is used to request data from a specified resource.
Note that the query string (name/value pairs) is sent in the URL of a GET request:
/test/demo_form.php?name1=value1&name2=value2
Some notes on GET requests:
 GET requests can be cached
 GET requests remain in the browser history
 GET requests can be bookmarked
 GET requests should never be used when dealing with sensitive data
 GET requests have length restrictions
 GET requests are only used to request data (not modify)
The POST Method

POST is used to send data to a server to create/update a resource.
The data sent to the server with POST is stored in the request body of the HTTP request:
POST /test/demo_form.php HTTP/1.1
Host: w3schools.com
name1=value1&name2=value2
Some notes on POST requests:
 POST requests are never cached
 POST requests do not remain in the browser history
 POST requests cannot be bookmarked
 POST requests have no restrictions on data length
Compare GET vs. POST

The following table compares the two HTTP methods: GET and POST.
GET POST
BACK button/Reload Harmless Data will be re-submitted (the browser

should alert the user that the data are
about to be re-submitted)
Bookmarked Can be bookmarked Cannot be bookmarked
Cached Can be cached Not cached
Encoding type application/x-www-form-urlencoded application/x-www-form-urlencoded or

multipart/form-data. Use multipart
encoding for binary data
History Parameters remain in browser history Parameters are not saved in browser
history
Restrictions on data length Yes, when sending data, the GET method adds the data to No restrictions
the URL; and the length of a URL is limited (maximum URL
length is 2048 characters)
Restrictions on data type Only ASCII characters allowed No restrictions. Binary data is also allowed
Security GET is less secure compared to POST because data sent is POST is a little safer than GET because the
part of the URL parameters are not stored in browser
history or in web server logs
Never use GET when sending passwords or other sensitive
information!
Visibility Data is visible to everyone in the URL Data is not displayed in the URL
The PUT Method

PUT is used to send data to a server to create/update a resource.
The difference between POST and PUT is that PUT requests are idempotent. That is, calling the same PUT request multiple times will
always produce the same result. In contrast, calling a POST request repeatedly have side effects of creating the same resource multiple
times.
The HEAD Method

HEAD is almost identical to GET, but without the response body.
In other words, if GET /users returns a list of users, then HEAD /users will make the same request but will not return the list of users.
HEAD requests are useful for checking what a GET request will return before actually making a GET request - like before downloading a
large file or response body.
The DELETE Method

The DELETE method deletes the specified resource.
The PATCH Method

The PATCH method is used to apply partial modifications to a resource.
The OPTIONS Method

The OPTIONS method describes the communication options for the target resource.
The CONNECT Method
The CONNECT method is used to start a two-way communications (a tunnel) with the requested resource.
The TRACE Method

The TRACE method is used to perform a message loop-back test that tests the path for the target resource (useful for debugging
purposes).
Pixel to Em Converter
The tool below allows you to work out the em sizes from pixels (or vice versa).
 Set a default pixel size for body (usually 16px)
 Then, convert a pixel value to em, based on the default pixel size
 Or, convert an em value to pixels, based on the default pixel size
Set a default pixel size: 16px
px
800px
Convert PX to EM:
px
Convert EM to PX:
em
Convert
Result: 50em
Body Font Size
In the table below, select a body font size in pixels (px) to display a complete "px to em and percent" conversion table.
Tip: The default font size is usually 16px.
Px em percent
5px 0.3125em 31.25%
6px 0.3750em 37.50%
7px 0.4375em 43.75%
8px 0.5000em 50.00%
9px 0.5625em 56.25%
10px 0.6250em 62.50%
11px 0.6875em 68.75%
12px 0.7500em 75.00%
13px 0.8125em 81.25%
14px 0.8750em 87.50%
15px 0.9375em 93.75%
16px 1.0000em 100.00%
17px 1.0625em 106.25%
18px 1.1250em 112.50%
19px 1.1875em 118.75%
20px 1.2500em 125.00%
21px 1.3125em 131.25%

22px 1.3750em 137.50%
23px 1.4375em 143.75%
24px 1.5000em 150.00%
25px 1.5625em 156.25%

What is the difference between PX, EM and Percent?
Pixel is a static measurement, while percent and EM are relative measurements. The size of an EM or percent depends on its parent. If the
text size of body is 16 pixels, then 150% or 1.5 EM will be 24 pixels (1.5 * 16). Look at CSS Units for more measurement units.
Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows and Mac

Keyboard shortcuts are often used in modern operating systems and computer software programs.
Learning and using keyboard shortcuts can save you a lot of time.
Basic Shortcuts
Description Windows Mac OS
Edit menu Alt + E Ctrl + F2 + F
File menu Alt + F Ctrl + F2 + E
View menu Alt + V Ctrl + F2 + V
Select all text Ctrl + A Cmd + A
Copy text Ctrl + C Cmd + C
Find text Ctrl + F Cmd + F
Find and replace text Ctrl + H Cmd + F
New Document Ctrl + N Cmd + N

Open a file Ctrl + O Cmd + O
Print options Ctrl + P Cmd + P
Save file Ctrl + S Cmd + S
Paste text Ctrl + V Cmd + V
Cut text Ctrl + X Cmd + X
Redo text Ctrl + Y Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text Ctrl + Z Cmd + Z
Text Editing
Cursor Movement
Go to the right or to the beginning of next line break Right Arrow Right Arrow
Go to the left or to the end of previous line break Left Arrow Left Arrow
Go up one row Up Arrow Up Arrow
Go down one row Down Arrow Down Arrow
Go to the beginning of the current line Home Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to the end of the current line End Cmd + Right Arrow
Go to the beginning of the document Ctrl + Home Cmd + Up Arrow
Go to the end of the document Ctrl + End Cmd + Down Arrow
Move up one frame Page Up Fn + Up Arrow

Move down one frame Page Down Fn + Down Arrow
Go to beginning of previous word Ctrl + Left Arrow Option + Left Arrow
Go to beginning of next word Ctrl + Right Arrow Option + Right Arrow
Go to beginning of line break Ctrl + Up Arrow Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to end of line break Ctrl + Down Arrow Cmd + Right Arrow
Text Selection
Select characters to the left Shift + Left Arrow Shift + Left Arrow
Select characters to the right Shift + Right Arrow Shift + Right Arrow
Select lines upwards Shift + Up Arrow Shift + Up Arrow
Select lines downwards Shift + Down Arrow Shift + Down Arrow
Select words to the left Shift + Ctrl + Left Shift + Opt + Left
Select words to the right Shift + Ctrl + Right Shift + Opt + Right
Select paragraphs to the left Shift + Ctrl + Up Shift + Opt + Up
Select paragraphs to the right Shift + Ctrl + Down Shift + Opt + Down
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of Shift + Home Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
the current line
Select text between the cursor and the end of the Shift + End Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
current line
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of Shift + Ctrl + Home Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn +
the document Left Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the end of the Shift + Ctrl + End Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn +
document Right Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text above the cursor Shift + Page Up Shift + Fn + Up Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text below the cursor Shift + Page Down Shift + Fn + Down Arrow
Select all text Ctrl + A Cmd + A
Text Formatting
Make selected text bold Ctrl + B Cmd + B
Make selected text italic Ctrl + I Cmd + I
Underline selected text Ctrl + U Cmd + U
Make selected text superscript Ctrl + Shift + = Cmd + Shift + =
Make selected text subscript Ctrl + = Cmd + =
Text Editing
Delete characters to the left Backspace Backspace
Delete characters to the right Delete Fn + Backspace
Delete words to the right Ctrl + Del Cmd + Backspace
Delete words to the left Ctrl + Backspace Cmd + Fn + Backspace
Indent Tab Tab

Outdent Shift + Tab Shift + Tab
Copy text Ctrl + C Cmd + C
Find and replace text Ctrl + H Cmd + F
Paste text Ctrl + V Cmd + V
Cut text Ctrl + X Cmd + X
Redo text Ctrl + Y Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text Ctrl + Z Cmd + Z
Web Browsers
Navigation
Scroll down a frame Space or Page Down Space or Fn + Down

Arrow
Scroll up a frame Shift + Space or Page Shift + Space or Fn +

Up Up Arrow
Go to bottom of the page End Cmd + Down Arrow
Go to top of the page Home Cmd + Up Arrow
Go back Alt + Left Arrow or Cmd + Left Arrow

Backspace
Go forward Alt + Right Arrow or Cmd + Right Arrow

Shift + Backspace
Refresh a webpage F5 Cmd + R

Refresh a webpage (no cache) Ctrl + F5 Cmd + Shift + R
Stop Esc Esc
Toggle full-screen F11 Cmd + Shift + F
Zoom in Ctrl + + Cmd + +
Zoom out Ctrl + - Cmd + -
Zoom 100% (default) Ctrl + 0 Cmd + 0
Open homepage Alt + Home Option + Home or

Option + Fn + Left
Arrow
Tab / Window Management
Open a new tab Ctrl + T Cmd + T
Close current tab Ctrl + W Cmd + W
Close all tabs Ctrl + Shift + W Cmd + Q
Close all tabs except the current tab Ctrl + Alt + F4 Cmd + Opt + W
Go to next tab Ctrl + Tab Control + Tab or Cmd +

Shift + Right Arrow
Go to previous tab Ctrl + Shift + Tab Shift + Control + Tab or

Cmd + Shift + Left
Arrow
Go to a specific tab number Ctrl + 1-8 Cmd + 1-8

Go to the last tab Ctrl + 9 Cmd + 9
Reopen the last closed tab Ctrl + Shift + T Cmd + Shift + T
Open a new window Ctrl + N Cmd + N
Close current window Alt + F4 Cmd + W
Go to next window Alt + Tab Cmd + Tab
Go to previous window Alt + Shift + Tab Cmd + Shift + Tab
Reopen the last closed window Ctrl + Shift + N
Open links in a new tab in the background Ctrl + Click Cmd + Click
Open links in a new tab in the foreground Ctrl + Shift + Click Cmd + Shift + Click
Print current webpage Ctrl + P Cmd + P
Save current webpage Ctrl + S Cmd + S
Address Bar
Cycle between toolbar, search bar, and page elements Tab Tab
Go to browser's address bar Ctrl + L or Alt + D Cmd + L
Focus and select the browser's search bar Ctrl + E Cmd + E / Cmd + K
Open the address bar location in a new tab Alt + Enter Opt + Enter
Display a list of previously typed addresses F4
Add "www." to the beginning and ".com" to the end of the text typed in the Ctrl + Enter Cmd + Enter or Control
address bar (e.g., type "w3schools" and press Ctrl + Enter to open + Enter
"www.w3schools.com")
Bookmarks
Open the bookmarks menu Ctrl + B Cmd + B
Add bookmark for current page Ctrl + D Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd

+ Shift + B
Open browsing history Ctrl + H Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd

+Y
Open download history Ctrl + J Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift

+J
Screenshots
Save screenshot of the whole screen as file Cmd + Shift + 3
Copy screenshot of the whole screen to the clipboard PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3
PrtScr
Save screenshot of window as file Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy screenshot of window to the clipboard Alt + PrtScr Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then
Space
Copy screenshot of wanted area to the clipboard Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4
Save screenshot of wanted area as file Cmd + Shift + 4

Note: Due to different keyboard setups, some shortcuts may not be compatible for all users.
CSS REFERENCE
CSS PROPERTIES
A
accent-color Specifies an accent color for user-interface controls
align-content Specifies the alignment between the lines inside a flexible container when the items do not
use all available space
align-items Specifies the alignment for items inside a flexible container
align-self Specifies the alignment for selected items inside a flexible container
all Resets all properties (except unicode-bidi and direction)
animation A shorthand property for all the animation-* properties

animation-delay Specifies a delay for the start of an animation
animation-direction Specifies whether an animation should be played forwards, backwards or in alternate cycles
animation-duration Specifies how long an animation should take to complete one cycle
animation-fill-mode Specifies a style for the element when the animation is not playing (before it starts, after it
ends, or both)
animation-iteration-count Specifies the number of times an animation should be played
animation-name Specifies a name for the @keyframes animation
animation-play-state Specifies whether the animation is running or paused
animation-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of an animation
aspect-ratio Specifies preferred aspect ratio of an element
B
backdrop-filter Defines a graphical effect to the area behind an element
backface-visibility Defines whether or not the back face of an element should be visible when facing the user
background A shorthand property for all the background-* properties
background-attachment Sets whether a background image scrolls with the rest of the page, or is fixed
background-blend-mode Specifies the blending mode of each background layer (color/image)
background-clip Defines how far the background (color or image) should extend within an element
background-color Specifies the background color of an element
background-image Specifies one or more background images for an element
background-origin Specifies the origin position of a background image

background-position Specifies the position of a background image
background-position-x Specifies the position of a background image on x-axis
background-position-y Specifies the position of a background image on y-axis
background-repeat Sets if/how a background image will be repeated
background-size Specifies the size of the background images
block-size Specifies the size of an element in block direction
border A shorthand property for border-width, border-style and border-color
border-block A shorthand property for border-block-width, border-block-style and border-block-color
border-block-color Sets the color of the borders at start and end in the block direction
border-block-end A shorthand property for border-block-end-width, border-block-end-style and border-block-

end-color
border-block-end-color Sets the color of the border at the end in the block direction
border-block-end-style Sets the style of the border at the end in the block direction
border-block-end-width Sets the width of the border at the end in the block direction
border-block-start A shorthand property for border-block-start-width, border-block-start-style and border-

block-start-color
border-block-start-color Sets the color of the border at the start in the block direction
border-block-start-style Sets the style of the border at the start in the block direction
border-block-start-width Sets the width of the border at the start in the block direction
border-block-style Sets the style of the borders at start and end in the block direction
border-block-width Sets the width of the borders at start and end in the block direction
border-bottom A shorthand property for border-bottom-width, border-bottom-style and border-bottom-

color
border-bottom-color Sets the color of the bottom border
border-bottom-left-radius Defines the radius of the border of the bottom-left corner
border-bottom-right-radius Defines the radius of the border of the bottom-right corner
border-bottom-style Sets the style of the bottom border
border-bottom-width Sets the width of the bottom border
border-collapse Sets whether table borders should collapse into a single border or be separated
border-color Sets the color of the four borders
border-end-end-radius Sets the radius of the corner between the block-end and the inline-end sides of the
element
border-end-start-radius Sets the radius of the corner between the block-end and the inline-start sides of the
element
border-image A shorthand property for all the border-image-* properties
border-image-outset Specifies the amount by which the border image area extends beyond the border box
border-image-repeat Specifies whether the border image should be repeated, rounded or stretched
border-image-slice Specifies how to slice the border image
border-image-source Specifies the path to the image to be used as a border
border-image-width Specifies the width of the border image
border-inline A shorthand property for border-inline-width, border-inline-style and border-inline-color

border-inline-color Sets the color of the borders at start and end in the inline direction
border-inline-end-color Sets the color of the border at the end in the inline direction
border-inline-end-style Sets the style of the border at the end in the inline direction
border-inline-end-width Sets the width of the border at the end in the inline direction
border-inline-start-color Sets the color of the border at the start in the inline direction
border-inline-start-style Sets the style of the border at the start in the inline direction
border-inline-start-width Sets the width of the border at the start in the inline direction
border-inline-style Sets the style of the borders at start and end in the inline direction
border-inline-width Sets the width of the borders at start and end in the inline direction
border-left A shorthand property for all the border-left-* properties
border-left-color Sets the color of the left border
border-left-style Sets the style of the left border
border-left-width Sets the width of the left border
border-radius A shorthand property for the four border-*-radius properties
border-right A shorthand property for all the border-right-* properties
border-right-color Sets the color of the right border
border-right-style Sets the style of the right border
border-right-width Sets the width of the right border
border-spacing Sets the distance between the borders of adjacent cells
border-start-end-radius Sets the radius of the corner between the block-start and the inline-end sides of the
element
border-start-start-radius Sets the radius of the corner between the block-start and the inline-start sides of the
element
border-style Sets the style of the four borders
border-top A shorthand property for border-top-width, border-top-style and border-top-color
border-top-color Sets the color of the top border
border-top-left-radius Defines the radius of the border of the top-left corner
border-top-right-radius Defines the radius of the border of the top-right corner
border-top-style Sets the style of the top border
border-top-width Sets the width of the top border
border-width Sets the width of the four borders
bottom Sets the elements position, from the bottom of its parent element
box-decoration-break Sets the behavior of the background and border of an element at page-break, or, for in-line
elements, at line-break.
box-reflect The box-reflect property is used to create a reflection of an element.
box-shadow Attaches one or more shadows to an element
box-sizing Defines how the width and height of an element are calculated: should they include
padding and borders, or not
break-after Specifies whether or not a page-, column-, or region-break should occur after the specified
element
break-before Specifies whether or not a page-, column-, or region-break should occur before the
specified element
break-inside Specifies whether or not a page-, column-, or region-break should occur inside the specified
element
C
caption-side Specifies the placement of a table caption
caret-color Specifies the color of the cursor (caret) in inputs, textareas, or any element that is editable
@charset Specifies the character encoding used in the style sheet
clear Specifies what should happen with the element that is next to a floating element
clip Clips an absolutely positioned element
color Sets the color of text
column-count Specifies the number of columns an element should be divided into
column-fill Specifies how to fill columns, balanced or not
column-gap Specifies the gap between the columns
column-rule A shorthand property for all the column-rule-* properties
column-rule-color Specifies the color of the rule between columns
column-rule-style Specifies the style of the rule between columns
column-rule-width Specifies the width of the rule between columns
column-span Specifies how many columns an element should span across
column-width Specifies the column width
columns A shorthand property for column-width and column-count
content Used with the :before and :after pseudo-elements, to insert generated content
counter-increment Increases or decreases the value of one or more CSS counters
counter-reset Creates or resets one or more CSS counters
cursor Specifies the mouse cursor to be displayed when pointing over an element
D
direction Specifies the text direction/writing direction
display Specifies how a certain HTML element should be displayed
E
empty-cells Specifies whether or not to display borders and background on empty cells in a table
F
filter Defines effects (e.g. blurring or color shifting) on an element before the element is displayed
flex A shorthand property for the flex-grow, flex-shrink, and the flex-basis properties
flex-basis Specifies the initial length of a flexible item
flex-direction Specifies the direction of the flexible items
flex-flow A shorthand property for the flex-direction and the flex-wrap properties
flex-grow Specifies how much the item will grow relative to the rest
flex-shrink Specifies how the item will shrink relative to the rest
flex-wrap Specifies whether the flexible items should wrap or not
float Specifies whether an element should float to the left, right, or not at all
font A shorthand property for the font-style, font-variant, font-weight, font-size/line-height, and the font-
family properties
@font-face A rule that allows websites to download and use fonts other than the "web-safe" fonts
font-family Specifies the font family for text
font-feature-settings Allows control over advanced typographic features in OpenType fonts
@font-feature-values Allows authors to use a common name in font-variant-alternate for feature activated differently in
OpenType
font-kerning Controls the usage of the kerning information (how letters are spaced)
font-language-override Controls the usage of language-specific glyphs in a typeface
font-size Specifies the font size of text
font-size-adjust Preserves the readability of text when font fallback occurs
font-stretch Selects a normal, condensed, or expanded face from a font family
font-style Specifies the font style for text
font-synthesis Controls which missing typefaces (bold or italic) may be synthesized by the browser
font-variant Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-caps font
font-variant-alternates Controls the usage of alternate glyphs associated to alternative names defined in @font-feature-values
font-variant-caps Controls the usage of alternate glyphs for capital letters
font-variant-east-asian Controls the usage of alternate glyphs for East Asian scripts (e.g Japanese and Chinese)
font-variant-ligatures Controls which ligatures and contextual forms are used in textual content of the elements it applies to
font-variant-numeric Controls the usage of alternate glyphs for numbers, fractions, and ordinal markers
font-variant-position Controls the usage of alternate glyphs of smaller size positioned as superscript or subscript regarding the
baseline of the font
font-weight Specifies the weight of a font
G
gap A shorthand property for the row-gap and the column-gap properties
grid A shorthand property for the grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns, grid-template-areas, grid-

auto-rows, grid-auto-columns, and the grid-auto-flow properties
grid-area Either specifies a name for the grid item, or this property is a shorthand property for the grid-row-
start, grid-column-start, grid-row-end, and grid-column-end properties
grid-auto-columns Specifies a default column size
grid-auto-flow Specifies how auto-placed items are inserted in the grid
grid-auto-rows Specifies a default row size
grid-column A shorthand property for the grid-column-start and the grid-column-end properties
grid-column-end Specifies where to end the grid item
grid-column-gap Specifies the size of the gap between columns
grid-column-start Specifies where to start the grid item
grid-gap A shorthand property for the grid-row-gap and grid-column-gap properties
grid-row A shorthand property for the grid-row-start and the grid-row-end properties
grid-row-end Specifies where to end the grid item
grid-row-gap Specifies the size of the gap between rows
grid-row-start Specifies where to start the grid item

grid-template A shorthand property for the grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns and grid-areas properties
grid-template-areas Specifies how to display columns and rows, using named grid items
grid-template-columns Specifies the size of the columns, and how many columns in a grid layout
grid-template-rows Specifies the size of the rows in a grid layout
H
hanging-punctuation Specifies whether a punctuation character may be placed outside the line box
height Sets the height of an element
hyphens Sets how to split words to improve the layout of paragraphs
I
image-rendering Specifies the type of algorithm to use for image scaling
@import Allows you to import a style sheet into another style sheet
inline-size Specifies the size of an element in the inline direction
inset Specifies the distance between an element and the parent element
inset-block Specifies the distance between an element and the parent element in the block direction
inset-block-end Specifies the distance between the end of an element and the parent element in the block
direction
inset-block-start Specifies the distance between the start of an element and the parent element in the block
direction
inset-inline Specifies the distance between an element and the parent element in the inline direction
inset-inline-end Specifies the distance between the end of an element and the parent element in the inline
direction
inset-inline-start Specifies the distance between the start of an element and the parent element in the inline
direction
isolation Defines whether an element must create a new stacking content
J
justify-content Specifies the alignment between the items inside a flexible container when the items do not use all
available space
justify-items Is set on the grid container. Specifies the alignment of grid items in the inline direction
justify-self Is set on the grid item. Specifies the alignment of the grid item in the inline direction
K
@keyframes Specifies the animation code
L
left Specifies the left position of a positioned element
letter-spacing Increases or decreases the space between characters in a text
line-break Specifies how/if to break lines
line-height Sets the line height
list-style Sets all the properties for a list in one declaration
list-style-image Specifies an image as the list-item marker
list-style-position Specifies the position of the list-item markers (bullet points)
list-style-type Specifies the type of list-item marker
M
margin Sets all the margin properties in one declaration
margin-block Specifies the margin in the block direction
margin-block-end Specifies the margin at the end in the block direction
margin-block-start Specifies the margin at the start in the block direction
margin-bottom Sets the bottom margin of an element
margin-inline Specifies the margin in the inline direction
margin-inline-end Specifies the margin at the end in the inline direction
margin-inline-start Specifies the margin at the start in the inline direction
margin-left Sets the left margin of an element
margin-right Sets the right margin of an element
margin-top Sets the top margin of an element
mask Hides parts of an element by masking or clipping an image at specific places
mask-clip Specifies the mask area
mask-composite Represents a compositing operation used on the current mask layer with the mask layers below it
mask-image Specifies an image to be used as a mask layer for an element
mask-mode Specifies whether the mask layer image is treated as a luminance mask or as an alpha mask
mask-origin Specifies the origin position (the mask position area) of a mask layer image
mask-position Sets the starting position of a mask layer image (relative to the mask position area)
mask-repeat Specifies how the mask layer image is repeated
mask-size Specifies the size of a mask layer image

mask-type Specifies whether an SVG <mask> element is treated as a luminance mask or as an alpha mask
max-height Sets the maximum height of an element
max-width Sets the maximum width of an element
@media Sets the style rules for different media types/devices/sizes
max-block-size Sets the maximum size of an element in the block direction
max-inline-size Sets the maximum size of an element in the inline direction
min-block-size Sets the minimum size of an element in the block direction
min-inline-size Sets the minimum size of an element in the inline direction
min-height Sets the minimum height of an element
min-width Sets the minimum width of an element
mix-blend-mode Specifies how an element's content should blend with its direct parent background
O
object-fit Specifies how the contents of a replaced element should be fitted to the box established by its used
height and width
object-position Specifies the alignment of the replaced element inside its box
offset Is a shorthand, and specifies how to animate an element along a path
offset-anchor Specifies a point on an element that is fixed to the path it is animated along
offset-distance Specifies the position along a path where an animated element is placed
offset-path Specifies the path an element is animated along
offset-rotate Specifies rotation of an element as it is animated along a path

opacity Sets the opacity level for an element
order Sets the order of the flexible item, relative to the rest
orphans Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the bottom of a page or column
outline A shorthand property for the outline-width, outline-style, and the outline-color properties
outline-color Sets the color of an outline
outline-offset Offsets an outline, and draws it beyond the border edge
outline-style Sets the style of an outline
outline-width Sets the width of an outline
overflow Specifies what happens if content overflows an element's box
overflow-anchor Specifies whether or not content in viewable area in a scrollable contianer should be pushed down when
new content is loaded above
overflow-wrap Specifies whether or not the browser can break lines with long words, if they overflow the container
overflow-x Specifies whether or not to clip the left/right edges of the content, if it overflows the element's content
area
overflow-y Specifies whether or not to clip the top/bottom edges of the content, if it overflows the element's
content area
overscroll-behavior Specifies whether to have scroll chaining or overscroll affordance in x- and y-directions
overscroll-behavior- Specifies whether to have scroll chaining or overscroll affordance in the block direction
block
overscroll-behavior- Specifies whether to have scroll chaining or overscroll affordance in the inline direction
inline
overscroll-behavior-x Specifies whether to have scroll chaining or overscroll affordance in x-direction

overscroll-behavior-y Specifies whether to have scroll chaining or overscroll affordance in y-directions
P
padding A shorthand property for all the padding-* properties
padding-block Specifies the padding in the block direction
padding-block-end Specifies the padding at the end in the block direction
padding-block-start Specifies the padding at the start in the block direction
padding-bottom Sets the bottom padding of an element
padding-inline Specifies the padding in the inline direction
padding-inline-end Specifies the padding at the end in the inline direction
padding-inline-start Specifies the padding at the start in the inline direction
padding-left Sets the left padding of an element
padding-right Sets the right padding of an element
padding-top Sets the top padding of an element
page-break-after Sets the page-break behavior after an element
page-break-before Sets the page-break behavior before an element
page-break-inside Sets the page-break behavior inside an element
paint-order Sets the order of how an SVG element or text is painted.
perspective Gives a 3D-positioned element some perspective
perspective-origin Defines at which position the user is looking at the 3D-positioned element
place-content Specifies align-content and justify-content property values for flexbox and grid layouts
place-items Specifies align-items and justify-items property values for grid layouts
place-self Specifies align-self and justify-self property values for grid layouts
pointer-events Defines whether or not an element reacts to pointer events
position Specifies the type of positioning method used for an element (static, relative, absolute or fixed)
Q
quotes Sets the type of quotation marks for embedded quotations
R
resize Defines if (and how) an element is resizable by the user
right Specifies the right position of a positioned element
rotate Specifies the rotation of an element
row-gap Specifies the gap between the grid rows
S
scale Specifies the size of an element by scaling up or down
scroll-behavior Specifies whether to smoothly animate the scroll position in a scrollable box, instead of a
straight jump
scroll-margin Specifies the margin between the snap position and the container
scroll-margin-block Specifies the margin between the snap position and the container in the block direction
scroll-margin-block-end Specifies the end margin between the snap position and the container in the block
direction
scroll-margin-block-start Specifies the start margin between the snap position and the container in the block
direction
scroll-margin-bottom Specifies the margin between the snap position on the bottom side and the container
scroll-margin-inline Specifies the margin between the snap position and the container in the inline direction
scroll-margin-inline-end Specifies the end margin between the snap position and the container in the inline
direction
scroll-margin-inline-start Specifies the start margin between the snap position and the container in the inline
direction
scroll-margin-left Specifies the margin between the snap position on the left side and the container
scroll-margin-right Specifies the margin between the snap position on the right side and the container
scroll-margin-top Specifies the margin between the snap position on the top side and the container
scroll-padding Specifies the distance from the container to the snap position on the child elements
scroll-padding-block Specifies the distance in block direction from the container to the snap position on the child
elements
scroll-padding-block-end Specifies the distance in block direction from the end of the container to the snap position
on the child elements
scroll-padding-block-start Specifies the distance in block direction from the start of the container to the snap position
scroll-padding-bottom Specifies the distance from the bottom of the container to the snap position on the child
elements
scroll-padding-inline Specifies the distance in inline direction from the container to the snap position on the
child elements
scroll-padding-inline-end Specifies the distance in inline direction from the end of the container to the snap position
scroll-padding-inline-start Specifies the distance in inline direction from the start of the container to the snap position
scroll-padding-left Specifies the distance from the left side of the container to the snap position on the child
elements
scroll-padding-right Specifies the distance from the right side of the container to the snap position on the child
elements
scroll-padding-top Specifies the distance from the top of the container to the snap position on the child
elements
scroll-snap-align Specifies where to position elements when the user stops scrolling
scroll-snap-stop Specifies scroll behaviour after fast swipe on trackpad or touch screen
scroll-snap-type Specifies how snap behaviour should be when scrolling
scrollbar-color Specifies the color of the scrollbar of an element
T
tab-size Specifies the width of a tab character
table-layout Defines the algorithm used to lay out table cells, rows, and columns
text-align Specifies the horizontal alignment of text
text-align-last Describes how the last line of a block or a line right before a forced line break is aligned
when text-align is "justify"
text-combine-upright Specifies the combination of multiple characters into the space of a single character
text-decoration Specifies the decoration added to text
text-decoration-color Specifies the color of the text-decoration
text-decoration-line Specifies the type of line in a text-decoration

text-decoration-style Specifies the style of the line in a text decoration
text-decoration-thickness Specifies the thickness of the decoration line
text-emphasis Applies emphasis marks to text
text-indent Specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block
text-justify Specifies the justification method used when text-align is "justify"
text-orientation Defines the orientation of characters in a line
text-overflow Specifies what should happen when text overflows the containing element
text-shadow Adds shadow to text
text-transform Controls the capitalization of text
text-underline-position Specifies the position of the underline which is set using the text-decoration property
top Specifies the top position of a positioned element
transform Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element
transform-origin Allows you to change the position on transformed elements
transform-style Specifies how nested elements are rendered in 3D space
transition A shorthand property for all the transition-* properties
transition-delay Specifies when the transition effect will start
transition-duration Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect takes to complete
transition-property Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is for
transition-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect
translate Specifies the position of an element

U
unicode-bidi Used together with the direction property to set or return whether the text should be
overridden to support multiple languages in the same document
user-select Specifies whether the text of an element can be selected
V
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment of an element
visibility Specifies whether or not an element is visible
W
white-space Specifies how white-space inside an element is handled
widows Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the top of a page or column
width Sets the width of an element
word-break Specifies how words should break when reaching the end of a line
word-spacing Increases or decreases the space between words in a text
word-wrap Allows long, unbreakable words to be broken and wrap to the next line
writing-mode Specifies whether lines of text are laid out horizontally or vertically
Z
z-index Sets the stack order of a positioned element
CSS Selectors
In CSS, selectors are patterns used to select the element(s) you want to style.
Use our CSS Selector Tester to demonstrate the different selectors.
Selector Example Example description
.class .intro Selects all elements with class="intro"
.class1.class2 .name1.name2 Selects all elements with both name1 and name2 set within its class attribute
.class1 .class2 .name1 .name2 Selects all elements with name2 that is a descendant of an element
with name1
#id #firstname Selects the element with id="firstname"
* * Selects all elements
element p Selects all <p> elements
element.class p.intro Selects all <p> elements with class="intro"
element,element div, p Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements
element element div p Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements
element>element div > p Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element
element+element div + p Selects the first <p> element that is placed immediately after <div> elements
element1~element2 p ~ ul Selects every <ul> element that is preceded by a <p> element
[attribute] [target] Selects all elements with a target attribute
[attribute=value] [target="_blank"] Selects all elements with target="_blank"
[attribute~=value] [title~="flower"] Selects all elements with a title attribute containing the word "flower"
[attribute|=value] [lang|="en"] Selects all elements with a lang attribute value equal to "en" or starting with
"en-"
[attribute^=value] a[href^="https"] Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value begins with "https"
[attribute$=value] a[href$=".pdf"] Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value ends with ".pdf"
[attribute*=value] a[href*="w3schools"] Selects every <a> element whose href attribute value contains the substring
"w3schools"
:active a:active Selects the active link
::after p::after Insert something after the content of each <p> element
::before p::before Insert something before the content of each <p> element
:checked input:checked Selects every checked <input> element
:default input:default Selects the default <input> element
:disabled input:disabled Selects every disabled <input> element
:empty p:empty Selects every <p> element that has no children (including text nodes)
:enabled input:enabled Selects every enabled <input> element
:first-child p:first-child Selects every <p> element that is the first child of its parent
::first-letter p::first-letter Selects the first letter of every <p> element
::first-line p::first-line Selects the first line of every <p> element
:first-of-type p:first-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent
:focus input:focus Selects the input element which has focus
:fullscreen :fullscreen Selects the element that is in full-screen mode
:hover a:hover Selects links on mouse over
:in-range input:in-range Selects input elements with a value within a specified range
:indeterminate input:indeterminate Selects input elements that are in an indeterminate state
:invalid input:invalid Selects all input elements with an invalid value

:lang(language) p:lang(it) Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute equal to "it" (Italian)
:last-child p:last-child Selects every <p> element that is the last child of its parent
:last-of-type p:last-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent
:link a:link Selects all unvisited links
::marker ::marker Selects the markers of list items
:not(selector) :not(p) Selects every element that is not a <p> element
:nth-child(n) p:nth-child(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent
:nth-last-child(n) p:nth-last-child(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting
from the last child
:nth-last-of-type(n) p:nth-last-of-type(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent,
counting from the last child
:nth-of-type(n) p:nth-of-type(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent
:only-of-type p:only-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent
:only-child p:only-child Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent
:optional input:optional Selects input elements with no "required" attribute
:out-of-range input:out-of-range Selects input elements with a value outside a specified range
::placeholder input::placeholder Selects input elements with the "placeholder" attribute specified
:read-only input:read-only Selects input elements with the "readonly" attribute specified
:read-write input:read-write Selects input elements with the "readonly" attribute NOT specified
:required input:required Selects input elements with the "required" attribute specified
:root :root Selects the document's root element

::selection ::selection Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user
:target #news:target Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that
anchor name)
:valid input:valid Selects all input elements with a valid value
:visited a:visited Selects all visited links
CSS Functions
CSS functions are used as a value for various CSS properties.
Function Description
attr() Returns the value of an attribute of the selected element
calc() Allows you to perform calculations to determine CSS property values
conic-gradient() Creates a conic gradient
counter() Returns the current value of the named counter
cubic-bezier() Defines a Cubic Bezier curve
hsl() Defines colors using the Hue-Saturation-Lightness model (HSL)
hsla() Defines colors using the Hue-Saturation-Lightness-Alpha model (HSLA)
linear-gradient() Creates a linear gradient
max() Uses the largest value, from a comma-separated list of values, as the property value
min() Uses the smallest value, from a comma-separated list of values, as the property value
radial-gradient() Creates a radial gradient
repeating-conic-gradient() Repeats a conic gradient

repeating-linear-gradient() Repeats a linear gradient
repeating-radial-gradient() Repeats a radial gradient
rgb() Defines colors using the Red-Green-Blue model (RGB)
rgba() Defines colors using the Red-Green-Blue-Alpha model (RGBA)
var() Inserts the value of a custom property
Best Web Safe Fonts for HTML and CSS

The following fonts are the best web safe fonts for HTML and CSS:
 Arial (sans-serif)
 Verdana (sans-serif)
 Tahoma (sans-serif)
 Trebuchet MS (sans-serif)
 Times New Roman (serif)
 Georgia (serif)
 Garamond (serif)
 Courier New (monospace)
 Brush Script MT (cursive)
Note: Before you publish your website, always check how your fonts appear on different browsers and devices,
and always use fallback fonts!
Commonly Used Fallback Fonts

There are no 100% completely web safe fonts. There is always a chance that a font is not found or is not
installed properly. Therefore, it is very important to always use fallback fonts.
This means that you should add a list of similar "backup fonts" in the font-family property. If the first font does
not work, the browser will try the next one, and the next one, and so on. Always end the list with a generic
font family name.
Below are some commonly used fallback fonts, organized by the 5 generic font families:
 Serif
 Sans-serif
 Monospace
 Cursive
 Fantasy
Definition and Usage

Some CSS properties are animatable, meaning that they can be used in animations and transitions.
Animatable properties can change gradually from one value to another, like size, numbers, percentage and
color.
Animatable Properties
These properties are animatable in CSS:
Property
aspect-ratioTry it
backgroundTry it
background-colorTry it
background-positionTry it
background-position-xTry it
background-position-yTry it
background-sizeTry it
block-sizeTry it
borderTry it
border-bottomTry it
border-bottom-colorTry it
border-end-end-radiusTry it
border-end-start-radiusTry it
border-blockTry it
border-block-colorTry it
border-block-end-colorTry it
border-block-end-widthTry it
border-block-start-colorTry it
border-block-start-widthTry it
border-block-widthTry it
border-bottom-left-radiusTry it
border-bottom-right-radiusTry it
border-inlineTry it
border-inline-colorTry it
border-inline-end-colorTry it
border-inline-end-widthTry it
border-inline-start-colorTry it
border-inline-start-widthTry it
border-inline-widthTry it
border-start-end-radiusTry it
border-start-start-radiusTry it
border-bottom-widthTry it
border-colorTry it
border-leftTry it
border-left-colorTry it
border-left-widthTry it
border-rightTry it
border-right-colorTry it
border-right-widthTry it
border-spacingTry it
border-topTry it
border-top-colorTry it
border-top-left-radiusTry it
border-top-right-radiusTry it
border-top-widthTry it
bottomTry it
box-shadowTry it
clipTry it
colorTry it
column-countTry it
column-gapTry it
column-ruleTry it
column-rule-colorTry it
column-rule-widthTry it
column-widthTry it
columnsTry it
filterTry it
flexTry it
flex-basisTry it
flex-growTry it
flex-shrinkTry it
fontTry it
font-sizeTry it
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-weightTry it
gridTry it
grid-areaTry it
grid-auto-columnsTry it
grid-auto-flowTry it
grid-auto-rowsTry it
grid-columnTry it
grid-column-endTry it
grid-column-gapTry it
grid-column-startTry it
grid-gapTry it
grid-rowTry it
grid-row-endTry it
grid-row-gapTry it
grid-row-startTry it
grid-templateTry it
grid-template-areasTry it
grid-template-columnsTry it
grid-template-rowsTry it
heightTry it
inline-sizeTry it
insetTry it
inset-blockTry it
inset-block-endTry it
inset-block-startTry it
inset-inlineTry it
inset-inline-endTry it
inset-inline-startTry it
leftTry it
letter-spacingTry it
line-heightTry it
marginTry it
margin-blockTry it
margin-block-endTry it
margin-block-startTry it
margin-bottomTry it
margin-inlineTry it
margin-inline-endTry it
margin-inline-startTry it
margin-leftTry it
margin-rightTry it
margin-topTry it
max-heightTry it
max-widthTry it
max-block-sizeTry it
max-inline-sizeTry it
min-block-sizeTry it
min-inline-sizeTry it
min-heightTry it
min-widthTry it
object-positionTry it
offset-anchorTry it
offset-distanceTry it
offset-pathTry it
offset-rotateTry it
opacityTry it
orderTry it
outlineTry it
outline-colorTry it
outline-offsetTry it
outline-widthTry it
paddingTry it
padding-blockTry it
padding-block-endTry it
padding-block-startTry it
padding-bottomTry it
padding-inlineTry it
padding-inline-endTry it
padding-inline-startTry it
padding-leftTry it
padding-rightTry it
padding-topTry it
perspectiveTry it
perspective-originTry it
rightTry it
rotateTry it
scaleTry it
text-decoration-colorTry it
text-indentTry it
text-shadowTry it
topTry it
transformTry it
transform-originTry it
translateTry it
vertical-align
visibility
width
word-spacingTry it
z-index

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Tag Description

Defines a comment

<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type

<a> Defines a hyperlink

<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or an acronym

<acronym> Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead.

<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document

<applet> Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead.

<area> Defines an area inside an image map

<article> Defines an article

<aside> Defines content aside from the page content

<audio> Defines embedded sound content

<b> Defines bold text

<basefont> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

<bdo> Overrides the current text direction

<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source

<body> Defines the document's body

<br> Defines a single line break

<button> Defines a clickable button

<caption> Defines a table caption

<center> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

<cite> Defines the title of a work

<code> Defines a piece of computer code

<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting

<data> Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content

<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls

<dd> Defines a description/value of a term in a description list

<del> Defines text that has been deleted from a document

<dfn> Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content

<dir> Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead.

<div> Defines a section in a document

<dl> Defines a description list

<dt> Defines a term/name in a description list

<em> Defines emphasized text

<embed> Defines a container for an external application

<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form

<figcaption> Defines a caption for a <figure> element

<figure> Specifies self-contained content

<font> Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead.

<footer> Defines a footer for a document or section

<form> Defines an HTML form for user input

<frame> Not supported in HTML5.

<frameset> Not supported in HTML5.

<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings

<head> Contains metadata/information for the document

<hr> Defines a thematic change in the content

<html> Defines the root of an HTML document

<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood

<iframe> Defines an inline frame

<img> Defines an image

<input> Defines an input control

<ins> Defines a text that has been inserted into a document

<kbd> Defines keyboard input

<label> Defines a label for an <input> element

<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element

<li> Defines a list item

<main> Specifies the main content of a document

<map> Defines an image map