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    TK4033 2018 Nodal Analysis

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    Jenni Ardiferra
    Nodal analysis is a technique used to predict fluid production rates from reservoirs. It involves breaking the production system into discrete nodes and determining the inflow and outflow performance at each node. Pressure and flow must be continuous at each node. Nodal analysis can identify pressure losses and flow bottlenecks across the production system. By calculating nodal pressures from both inflow and outflow, well/reservoir performance can be evaluated.

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    TK4033 2018 Nodal Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Jenni Ardiferra
    30 views22 pages
    Nodal analysis is a technique used to predict fluid production rates from reservoirs. It involves breaking the production system into discrete nodes and determining the inflow and outflow performance at each node. Pressure and flow must be continuous at each node. Nodal analysis can identify pressure losses and flow bottlenecks across the production system. By calculating nodal pressures from both inflow and outflow, well/reservoir performance can be evaluated.

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    Nodal analysis is a technique used to predict fluid production rates from reservoirs. It involves breaking the production system into discrete nodes and determining the inflow and outflow performance at each node. Pressure and flow must be continuous at each node. Nodal analysis can identify pressure losses and flow bottlenecks across the production system. By calculating nodal pressures from both inflow and outflow, well/reservoir performance can be evaluated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views22 pages

    TK4033 2018 Nodal Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Jenni Ardiferra
    Nodal analysis is a technique used to predict fluid production rates from reservoirs. It involves breaking the production system into discrete nodes and determining the inflow and outflow performance at each node. Pressure and flow must be continuous at each node. Nodal analysis can identify pressure losses and flow bottlenecks across the production system. By calculating nodal pressures from both inflow and outflow, well/reservoir performance can be evaluated.

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    Nodal Analyis

    Well deliverability is determined by the combination of well


    inflow performance and wellbore outflow performance.
    Well inflow performance describes the deliverability of the
    reservoir, wellbore outflow performance presents the
    resistance to flow of production string.
    Challenge: to do analysis to predict the achievable fluid
    production rates from reservoirs with specified production
    string characteristics.
    The technique of analysis is called ‘‘Nodal analysis’’ (a
    Schlumberger patent).
    Nodal Analysis
    In oil and gas production system pressure and temperature
    vary with location. To simulate the fluid flow in the system, it
    is necessary to ‘‘break’’ the system into discrete nodes that
    separate system elements (equipment sections).

    Node: a point/position within the flow


    Pwh system.

    The system analysis for determining


    fluid production rate and pressure at
    a specified node is called ‘‘Nodal
    Analysis’’
    Pbh
    Nodal Analysis Principle: Pressure Continuity

    Pressure continuity: there is only one unique pressure


    value at a given node regardless of whether the pressure is
    evaluated from the performance of upstream equipment or
    downstream equipment.
    Pwh
    node

    Pbh node
    The performance curve (P vs Q relation) of upstream
    equipment is called ‘‘INFLOW performance curve’’; the
    performance curve of downstream equipment is called
    ‘‘OUTFLOW performance curve.’’
    operating point
    P
    Downstream

    Node Operating point defines the Q and


    Pbh P, at the specified node.
    Upstream
    Nodal analysis is usually conducted
    using the bottom-hole or wellhead
    as the solution node
    NODAL Analysis

    gas

    R R R

    separator
    Stock
    Tank

    R
    R: flow restriction

    R R
    Production Pressure Profile

    Drainage Wellbore Wellhead & Stock


    boundary Separator Tank
    (perforations) choke
    Pe

    Pwf

    Pwh
    Pressure

    Psep
    PST

    Reservoir Tubing Flowline Transfer line

    Well System Analysis


    Nodal Analysis
    In oil and gas production system pressure and temperature
    vary with location. To simulate the fluid flow in the system, it
    is necessary to “break” the system into discrete nodes that
    separate system elements (equipment sections).

    The system analysis for


    node determination of fluid production
    rate and pressure at a specified
    node is called “Nodal Analysis”
    in petroleum engineering.

    Nodal analysis can be used to


    identify bottle neck (locations
    node of excessive flow resistance or
    pressure drop) in any part of
    the network.
    Pressure losses in production system
    Gas
    Loss across choke Loss along flow line

    Separator
    Stock
    Tank

    Loss across safety valve

    Loss along tubing

    Loss across
    completion
    Loss in porous medium
    Nodal Analysis

    Inflow section:
    all components upstream of the
    node

    Outflow section:
    Outflow

    all the components downstream


    Inflow of the node.

    Node
    NODE NODE NODE NODE NODE

    INFLOW OUTFLOW

    NODE

    Pu Pd
    Pn

    ΔPupstream ΔPdownstream

    Pnode = Pu – ΔPu

    Pnode = Pd + ΔPd
    Nodal analysis principle:
    • Pressure continuity, that is, there is only one unique pressure
    value at a given node regardless of whether the pressure is
    evaluated from the performance of upstream equipment or
    downstream equipment
    • Flow continuity, flow into the node equals flow out of the node

    Case: Pwf = the node

    Pwf calculated from reservoir to


    bottomhole MUST be the SAME
    with Pwf calculated from separator
    back to bottomhole.
    Pwf (node)
    Flow from reservoir to bottomhole
    MUST be the SAME with flow from
    bottomhole
    Outflow from node
    Pnode

    Inflow to node

    Flow capacity
    Q
    Node: bottomhole

    Inflow to the node:

    pR - Dp(upstreamComponents) = pnode

    (DP porous media + DP completion)


    Pwf node

    Outflow to the node:


    psep + Dp(downstreamComponents) = pnode

    (DP tubing+ DP safety valve + DP choke + DP flowline)


    Node: wellhead
    Psep
    PwhNode
    Inflow to the node:

    ( 
    pR  Dpres  DP completion Dptubing  pwh

    Outflow to the node:

    ( 
    psep  Dpchoke  Dp flowline  pwh
    Node: bottomhole

    Psep
    Inflow to the node:

    ( 
    pR  Dpres  Dpcompl.  pwf

    Outflow to the node:


    psep + Dpflowline + Dp tubing = p wf
    Pwf

    pR

    Dpcompletion Dp res
    Node: bottomhole Effect of tubing size

    d1
    PR

    d2>d1

    Pwf
    Sep.

    outflow

    Bottomhole
    Res.
    Q
    inflow
    Node: wellhead Effect of tubing size

    Inflow Outflow
    Wellhead
    Sep.

    outflow
    d2>d1
    inflow

    Pwh Res.

    d1

    Q
    Node: wellhead Effect of flowline size

    d1
    Inflow
    Wellhead

    d2>d1 Sep.

    outflow
    inflow
    Pwh
    Res.
    Outflow

    Q
    Well restricted by outflow

    PR
    Well stimulation will not help
    because the problem is in the
    outflow (tubing + others)

    Pwf
    Outflow:
    Small increase of Q (rate)
    require large increase of Pwf

    Q
    Well restricted by inflow

    PR Inflow:
    Small increase of Q (rate)
    require large decrease of Pwf

    d1
    Pwf
    d2

    Increase tubing diameter will


    not help because the problem
    is in the inflow (reservoir to
    bottomhole)
    Q

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