TheXRayinDentistry 10000045

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fien tis tw
Li fe w i th o ut i n d us try
In dus try w i t h out art

i s gui lt ;
i s br uta li ty .
;
E7LB E R T H deli ghted i n po inting o ut
U B B AR D
g}/ th e mistakes o f do ctors and R obert Ingerso ll ,

” f 7 went about the country at o n e time deli v er m
f
r
, , 5
i n g a sarcastic lec ture o n the mi stakes o f Moses
4
0
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(JITh i s ch apter is a co n ession o f a serious mi stake

made by dentists ; a mistake that Is the c ause of
much newspaper di scus sion today although the ,
f acts i n conn ection wi th it are unknown t o the

newspapers themselves an d to th e public gen ,
e r ally
f
.
4 ] This strange mistake cons i sted i n de vitali z ing

t eet h indiscri mi natel y and the f a c t o,its bei n g
a mi sta ke w as not known until the X ray dis -
co vered i t Pre vi ous to that time it was taught

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i n dental colleges rec ommended by standard

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te xt books and practis ed by e very dentist wi th

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skill enough t o use i t I t consisted in destro yi ng

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th e pul ps ner ves in all teeth that were used

t o carry crowns o r bridges and may be called the ,
d evi tali z at i on mi stake .

2 Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry
(3 D e vi talization
f
was made e as y by pressure
anesthesia (a painl ess method o remo vin g pu lps )
an d the mistake became gen eral largely t hroug h
th is I t was carried o n f or years bec ause the e vil
.
res ul ts which followed it were ne ver dreamed

possible un til the X ray told its story Th ese
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.
res ults came from leaving porti ons o f the pulp in

root c anals an d from not filling c anals to th e end
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,
a fter the pulp was remo ved .
f
ll Th e de vi t aliza tion mi stake was b ased on th e
belie f that roots were properly filled when in ,
truth they were not For the re w as n o way o kn ow

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i n g wh e th er r o ot s w e re pr ope rly fille d or n ot un ti l

th e X-ray cam e i n t o u s e ; and it did not come
i nto use until thousands o f teeth h ad been de vi t
f
ali z e d and the roots i mperf ectly fill ed
(ll C omplete fil ling o root -canals was alway s co n
.
f
s i d e re d necessary to sa v e a de vitalized tooth , and
w as the aim o e very conscientious practi tioner A s
long as the tooth o r gum di d not sho w signs o
, , f .
subsequent trouble t his aim was supposed to be

ac complis hed B ut w h en trouble ensued and roots
f
.
,
w ere occasionall y found to be i mperfec tly filled
f
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there w as no idea that any harm could ollo w

urther than th e loss o f the tooth .
(ll Fo r n o o n e i magined in those da y s that sy stem i c
ff
diseas e lurked in a dental abscess Hence the e fforts
.
o the pro f ession were d irected solel y t o th e preser

vation o t e e th wi th ne ver a thought that some
,
Th e X—ray i n D e n t i s t ry 3
“ 1
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n — H
thi ng more important was in volved If it beca me .
necessary to e xtract after a root ca nal Operation ,

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,
t h e dentist was mort ifi ed it is true B ut thi s w as

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, .
simply because the too th was lost .
1 } I magine th en the feelin gs o f a conscient i o us

practi tioner who had spent years in perf ecting
,
hi s root canal techn i que when the re v elations
f
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o f the X ray were sudden l y thrust upon hi m

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wi th th e assertion that se venty nin e per cent o -
root canal fil lings Were imperfect

f
—
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(EI magine also how this man who had worri ed o ver ,
th e loss o a tooth must ha ve worried when he

f
,
learned that e very o n e o f h i s i mperf ect root filli n g s -
was a possible caus e o serious bodily ailmen t ,
such as a rthritis neuritis di seases o f the heart

, , ,
ki dneys stomach ey es ner ves etc

, , , , .
(EI t was an asto un di ng re v elation o f a tremendo us

mi stake and at least o n e honest careful Operator
,
broke down as a res ul t o it He had spent four

teen years in my o fice specializing in root
f
ff .
,
canal work pri di ng hi ms el o n h is thoroughness

, ,
and gi vin g the best that was in him wi thout stint , ,
t o h i s patients Suddenl y the X ra y showed th at

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his work was not what he fon dl y belie ved it to be .
He worried o ver the matter until his health failed ,
an d he re t i red f rom practice I belie v e there were .
man y others li ke him
f
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q Th e de vi t ali zation mi stake i n vol ved practically

e very pro g ressi ve dentist includi ng mysel C on , .
f
sequentl y e very man wi th an e xtensi ve practi c e
no matter how skil l ul h e may be h as imperfec tly
,
f
,
fil led roots in th e mouth s o f h is p atients ; and

m any o th ose roots h a ve abscesses on th em whi ch
medi cal men say range from dangerous to dea dl y
f
.
(IITh ere can be no doubt that th e pus i n dental

absces ses contains germs o a poisonous na
ture ; th at in many cases th ese germs get i nto
th e blood stream and by th e process kno wn as ,
metastas i s are carri ed to distant parts o f th e body

,
to work h a voc Therefore it is important to k no w

.
what shou ld be done wi th dead teeth ; for an y

dead tooth unless the root canal is properly
,
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filled may gi ve troub l e tomorro w e ven though i t

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i s i nnocuous today .
(11 I n the first pl ace i t sho ul d be u nderstood th at

blind abscesses as they are called seldom gi ve
f
,
local trouble such as soreness o the tooth or

,
i nflammat ion o the gu m O ften these teeth carry .

f
,
perfect fill i ngs o r crowns and to all outward ,
appearance are as useful and harmless as any i n

the mouth .
(EB ut all dead teeth and any suspected o being

dead should be X ray ed whether the roots
,
,
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f
ha ve been filled o r not and whether the teeth ,
themsel ves gi ve trouble o r n o t Where the X ray .

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discloses an absces s if it does not co ver t o o large

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an area the root canal should be opened the pus

,
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,
e vacuated and treatment instituted unt il the dis

Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry 5
F
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F h
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. l. - .
q
charge h as C e as ed Then a roo t filli n g s houl d b e

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i ns erted an d ch ec ked up wi th th e X ray as d e s -

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cri b e d i n my c hapter o n root-c ana l w ork
f f
f
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q Th e abo ve applies to people in go od health B ut .
what shoul d be the treatment o r patients su er

i n g from systemi c disease due to lo c al i nfe ct i on ,
?
S houl d their teeth be e xtracted o r sh oul d t h e
can al s be sterili zed treated and fill ed
,
?
f
,
This qu e stion cannot be an s wered in general It
f f
.
depends on the p hysical condi tion o th e pati ent ,
the extent o f th e a f ec ted area the val ue o t h e

f
, ‘
t ooth cosmetically an d f or mas t i cation i t s s us ,
ce pt i b ili t y to treatment the probab t , an d ili y o
natur e s ai d i n
’
a permanent cure .
(EIn all s uch cases I pre fer t o t al k wi t h t h e

patient s phy sici an before reaching a deci sion
’
f
,
as to what should be done .
(1 Th e use o the X ray is s u c h an ind i spens ab le
f
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ai d in di agnostic and root canal work that no -
dentist h as any moral right i indee d he has an y ,
legal right to pract i se wi thout i t

, .
(11 All progressi v e practitioners u se the X ray t

o
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day and it is wise to go to a dentist for t h l s

,
”
work rath er than to an X ray laboratory -
,
Wh ere th e work i s so cheap th at it i s n e ce s s arl ly

done has tily and imperfectly Furthermore rat h .
,
o g ra m s cannot be depended upon alone m

dental di agnos i s ; they must be confirmed b y
e xa mination o f
the teeth and o n l y a denti s t O ,
f
e xperi ence i s c ompetent to make thi s exa mi na

ti on compare it wi th the films and render a
f
, ,
c orrect interpretat i on .
i ll Th e X ra y equipment in my o ffice consists o

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two complete outfits one for diagnos i s and o n e for

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,
,
root canal work in charge o an e xpert in X ray

technique My own ti me is gi ven up largely to
.
f -
X ray diagnosis and I make it a point to pass on
f
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all obscure and unusua l cases personally .
(I IMy fee o r single radiograms is f or the
f
entire mouth This latter does not mean a
e w fil ms o f the ordinary kind many o which are f
f
,
i ndistinct and worthless ; but anyw here f rom ten to

twent y e xposures gi vi ng dif erent angles of th e
,
more inaccessible teeth so as to be able to make an,
accurate d i agnosis .
«1 1 T his fee also co vers consu ltat i on wi th th e
f
patient 5 physician when necessary either at
’
, ,
my
o fi ce o r by phone ’
.
ZB en t is t ry hp
é pe ci s l i s t s
N 0 m an i s born i n t o t hi s w or ld
“
wh o s e w or k i s n ot born w i th h i m .
H
EN I entered my father s o fice m
bright man could learn all
’
f
there was to
1 8 77, a
dentistry m a few months I t was custo m

f
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ary in those day s for a student to pay o n e or two

hundred do llars to a dentist o r the pri vilege of
picki ng up in the latter s o ffice whate ver crumbs
’
f
o f dental knowledge h e could in a year B ut before
the end o that peri od the student o ften knew as
mu ch as h is preceptor an d hung o ut a sign
.
f
,
announcing t o a worl d unprotected by health

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laws th e pro f essional birth o a

, surgeon den -
t ist N ow howe ver dental knowledge has gro wn
f
.
, ,
until the crumbs ha ve become a loaf requ i ring
f
,
four y ears o kneading at college and as many ,
more o baking in acti ve practice before i t i s ,
fit to ser ve E ven then a fter eigh t years o f study
f
.
,
an d work ,the a verage dentist does not possess

ma nual dext erity i n more th an one branch o h i s
professi on no matter how well grounded he m ay
,
be in general theory Fo r e very man i nherits m ore

.
8 Th e X—ray i n D e n t i s t ry
n atural ski ll in o n e branch o denti stry than i nf

others an d li ttle by li ttle de velops th e branch th at
f
,
comes e as i est an d negl ects th e rest

, .
aD entistry today c ons i sts o ei ght branch es

(1 ) Filli ngs an d i n l ay s (2) C rown and bri dge
.
work (3 ) Therapeuti c s (thi s i nclu des root

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canal treatment) (4) Extracting an d oral

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surgery (5 ) Arti fici al teeth (6 ) O rthodonti a

. .
(straightening ) (7) D ental radi ograp hy (8 )

f
. .
D ental hy giene .
1 ] Th ese eight branch es di er f rom e ach oth er so
f
much that they requi re eight disti nct ki nds o f ski ll
Yet ni nety dentists out o a hundred possess i ng
as th ey do o n l y o n e ki nd o f skill for economi c
,
.
f
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reasons undertake all e i ght branches N aturally .
s e ven eights o such work i s not well done ; i n

f
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many cases it i s very badly done Th e ob vious

f
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remedy o r thi s condi ti on is the o n e that has done

more o r sci entifi c and commercial progress than
any other SP E C IA LIZ A TION
—
f
(11 A ll men o n my staff are speci al ists ; not i n
the us ual meani ng o thi s word high pri ced
single minded practi tioners o ften apply ing thei r
— -
,
f
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own specialty when another would be better but —
spec ialists i n the sense o confini ng thei r work to

a particul ar branch while c onsulting an d co
f
,
operating wi th specialists i n the other branches .
Wh en any part o the work can be done better

by o n e m an o n my sta ff than i t can b y the others
i
fi ic n em m : wm m m m m
e z m cc >t m m n m m m m
a 13 W i
f
.
it goes to that man There are no students and no .
recent graduates among us the a verage length o ,
practice since graduation being twenty t w o

f
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y ears Yet we are still learn i n g and increasing

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original skill by much doing o o n e thing .
(ll I t takes but a moment s thought t o realize that

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thi s method attains as no other can the thr ee , ,
most important features in dentistry Ski ll —

,
P ai n le s s n e ss an d E con omy S kill because prac t ice .

,
makes perfect :Painlessness because skill creates ,
gen tleness ; E cono my (quali ty considered) b e
f
,
cause skill saves time and thereby money since , ,
time is the principal item o f cost in dentistry .
ees
No t h ow ch e ap b ut h ow good , .
fl] ur f ees are not

O because we use too much lo w
f
,
care sk ll and time

i , to compete in price wi th ,
the careless unskill ul o r hasty O n the other

,
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hand whil e o ur work puts us in a class with the

,
highest priced men in the profession our fees are

f
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less than theirs because through specializa tion , ,
we are not limi ted to one pair o hands .

1 0 Th e X-ray i n D e n ti s t ry
(l Th e X Opened a new field O u se ulness i n

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ra y
re vealing that the cure for man y bodi ly ailments

ff
li es in the scient i fi c treatment O f th e teeth and
f
,
this en l arged Opportun i ty f or the reli e f Of hu man

su f ering has gi ven e very worthy denti st renewed
interest and pleasure i n h i s work Th e new meth .
Ods howe ver require much more time than the

, ,
O ld ,and make higher fees i mperati ve especially ,
in root canal work Time is a dentist s cap i t al y e t ’
f
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,
he must be free to la vi sh it o n di fficult cases ; and
f
he cannot do thi s i his fees are too lo w .
(I IThis practice i s n o t c ondu cted solely o r maki ng

mone y I t stri ves to gi ve and recei ve happ iness
.
through ser vi ce B ut thi s i s i mposs ible with

f
.
patients who put price before quali ty and hence ,
we do not seek the patronage O such pati ents .
They cannot enter i nto th e spiri t O f this o ffice ,
o r contribute to the f eeling O f confi dence and co
operation whi ch must e xi st between a pro fessional

man and his cli ent i f the relationship is to be
mutually satisfactory O ur appeal th erefore is to
.
th at discriminating class who deman d progress i ve

ness sy mpathy and ski ll i n dental service who
, ,
appreciate such ser vice when rendered and grate ,
ful ly p ay a reasonab l e not e xcess i ve pri ce f or
f
— —
it Onl y thr ough such patients c an we gi ve the

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best we are capable O o r recei ve th e joy wh ich

,
e very man shou ld find in h i s work .

c s ,
r , H T 4
f
-a—
— r ‘1 A
w .
" ‘
p
“
P H
: Q
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— fi
m
fl fi P e a - w t ”
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p n g;
i work properly who does not use
the X r ay at least twice on each -
root an d frequently thr ee ti mes or more

, , .
1 1] Th e correct techn i que aft er sterilization is to , ,
open the canal until the ape x seems to be re ached

f
.
Th e Old me thods f ail ed just here because Often the

ape x seemed to be reached when as a matter O ,
fact i t was n o t Th e new way is to i nser t a di ag

, .
nostic wi re and take a picture to see e xactly what

progress h as been made If the pictur e shows the .
wir e has reached the apex the root filli n g is ,

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ins erted If not fur ther work is demanded and

.
, ,
more pictures until the wi re can be plain l y seen

f
,
at the prope r poi nt Then comes the root filli n g .

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chlora percha and after that is placed another

f
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O , , ,
1
pictur e to show whether the fil ling has reached

,
the apex I not it must come out and another

.
,
go in ; and thi s process must continue until the

final pictur e shows a filli ng e xt endi ng the entire
length Of the canal and closing the Open i ng i n
O f
the apical end NO root filli n g which falls short
this can be considered safe an d such root
filli n g s are impossib l e wi thout th e X ra y
.
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-
.
(ll R oo t canal work demands more care and
f
-
thoroughn ess than anything else in dent i stry but ,
i n the h an ds O an e xper t Operator it is perf ormed

wi thou t pain and Often wi thout the nec essity of ,
filli n g th e root more than once Yet e ven where .

,
1 2 Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry
there i s no hi tch or co mpli ca ti on th e new method ,
requi re s so much more time th an th e O ld that th e

charge is nec essari ly much greater than before
-
.
f
th e X ray w as used Th e i n creased cost howe ver
cannot be all o wed t o i nter ere wi th the thorough
ness O f the work s i nc e i t i s the most far reaching
, ,
f
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,
in denti stry i n vol vi ng th e comf ort the he alth

, , ,
a n d e ven the li e O f patients It mu st be done
f
.
thoroughl y or not a t all .
(ll I t s h oul d be noted that owi ng t o mal ormation ,
or t o deposi ts O f secondary dentine which close

th e canals so m e roots cannot be fill ed to the apex
,
e xcept a fter u nusually long and tedious e ffort ;

and a few not e ven th en In s u ch cases ou r charge
.
is based o n th e ti me consumed .
‘ll Wh ere no compli cati on occ urs o ur fee f or ,
roo t c anal work i s

- per tooth This i n .
e ludes the use o f th e X ra y as O ften as ma y be

-
nec essary duri ng the progress O f th e work .
(ll C ost
Of fillings varies wi th s i ze ,
access i b ili ty and sensiti veness Of the

ca v i ty i n proportion as these aff ec t
,
ti me cons u med i n the operation

f
.
Th ereare many grades O s il ver ,
amalgam o r alloy filli ngs as they ,
are vari o u sly called W e u se only .
th e best . to each .
Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry
V
s r :.
t - n
_ {
— 5 “ -
5 "f
- _
“
T ’
n
F
—S —w ‘
T : r ““
? fi
t
-
s
’ ‘ f— h
k
“
7
are such an i mpro vement o ver
j ‘‘
“ 1 - x the early ena mel filli ngs both ”
,
i n durab ili ty and i n col or that

"
m l ,
they are used now al most ex

elusi vely i n the anteri or teeth to eac h . .
not used as mu ch as formerly ar e ,
synth etic por celain filli ngs ha vi ng
H
T
largely taken thei r pl ace in the
anterior teeth and i n l ay s in th e posteri or , .
( M in i mum ,
wear better than large fil li ngs and are ~

,
M ‘4
easier for the pati en t beca use th ey are ,
made o ut Of the mo uth B ut thei r great

f
.
advantage is that they ca n be conto ured to th e

exact shape O th e n atural teeth ; somethi ng th at
cannot be said Of any other filling material .
Proper contour is hi ghl y i mportan t i n ca vi ties

b etween the teeth i n order t o pre vent the im
pacti on of food whi ch alway s eads to di s ease O
the gu ms sooner o r later l
,
f
f
.
(1 M any dentists are not experi enced in in l ay

work One member O my sta ff h as made it a
.
special ty o r el e ven y ears Mi ni mum f

f mport n e b t gi e re uf
.
,
we do not consider m nor i
Of
”
I 1 O
i a c , u v i t ca f l
at t e n t l on .ke Li
ot er ork t e all h w in hi s fic i t i s
done by a man wh o has had long and special

e xperience in it W e use nitrous o xide and o xy gen
.
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under certain con di tio n s but in most cases we

,
advi se o ur local anesthetic NO 8 as being safer .

,
and qui te as pai nless .
(l Fe e f or e xtracting with NO 8 per tooth ;

.
,
wi th n i trous o xide
-
for the fir st tooth
, ,
for each ad di tional tooth .
‘
JIA rtifi cial teeth are hel d in place by
plates Of various materi als S ince some .
plates are healthful and some are not i t ,
is a dentis t s duty to exp lain the danger

from bad plates just as much as to e xplain the
dange r from bad root filli n g s Af ter such explana
-
.
tion the patient is in a position to act o n his o w n

judgment and not before Therefore o ur first step
f
, .
,
is to explain the qualities o f the di fferent plates ,
and e xhi bit samples made up o the various

materials s s o" o
‘IIThis branch is in charge O f a specialist who h as

been wi th me many y ears He takes great pains in
.
selecting teeth to correspond with the complex io n ,
features and age O f the patient and i n arranging ,
them to a void an artificial appearance After this .

,
they are inserted o n a trial plate so that the

pa t ient can see just h o w they will look when
finished An y s uggesti on or alterations at this
.
stage can be readily and qu ickly carri ed o ut .

Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry 1 5
q We make plates O rubber al umi num Wattsf

metal po rcelain g old etc the price rangin g for a
, , , .
,
, ,
,
’
full upper o r lower set from f or rubber t o

,
for gold Partial plates from

. up .
it Th e f aults O f ordi nary partial p lates
f
are serious T hey are usuall y un co m
.
o rt ab l e and interf ere with eating and
f
,
talki ng by i mpinging o n th e sp ac e which nature

intended solely o r the tongue B ut worse than thi s .
they cause decay Of the teeth wi th whi ch they

come in contact and th ei r pressure o n th e gu ms
,
produces absorption Of th e al veolar process di s ,
ease O i the peridental membrane an d loosening Of

the teeth .
(5 In short thr ough l ooseni ng o r d e ca o r both it

, y O , ,
i s the r ul e and not the e x ception f or partial plat es

, ,
t o destro y some or all O f th e remain i ng teeth in a
H
few y ears ; Often m a fe w months NO W what bet
ter can be done ?
.
( If the remaining teeth are firm an d
f
place d impro ved bridgework IS th e best f orm o
,
res toration B ut i the natural teeth do no t stand

.
prop e r ly ,
f
in t h e proper position e ven though they be firm , ,
bridgework 1 3 n o t ad vi sable In such cases gold .
f
bar dentures are the ne xt best thi ng .
(I T hese consist o (a) gold bars

:5 t o hold the arti ficial teeth t o
,
h r
gether (b) special gold attach

ments to hold them i n the mouth ; (c) gold stops

to pre vent pressure o n the gums .
‘JIA d vant ages are : (a ) the bar lea ves the gum
tissue unco vered a n d heal thy and there is no
interference wi th speech o r taste ; (b ) the denture
is held more firml y than by any other remo vab le
method and wi th less injury to the natural teeth ;
f
,
()c the gold stops a v oid the destructi v e pressure

o n t he gums b y putting t he strain O masti cation
o n the crown s O f the na t ural teeth .
(ll Wh en bridgework is not ad v isable gold bar

dentures repl ace the molars alone or the molars
f
,
and bicuspids combined with a degree O f stabil ity

,
and co m or t otherwise unattainable My con .
s ul t a t i o n room contains models which make the

value O f this work quickly apparent and y ou are ,
in vited to inspect them Th e cost varies wi th

.
each cas e M inimum

.
,
ringe murk
2 «E
asy pate nt
B le s s ed i s t h e m an w h o h a s f ou n d hi s w ork .
M ik fi
O M
t
_ ~
l
y ears ago a B ritish medi cal authori ty

E
ed the dental world particul arly the
fl ..
—
“3
7 M
M .
. _
r
on this side O f the Atlantic b y

denouncing what he termed A merican dentistry “ —
f
,
—
mean i ng bridgework He accused it Of being a
.
frequent cause O py orrhea al veolaris and O f seri ous

sy ste mi c di se ase .
(11 There can be no doubt that bri dg e work h as

been grossly misused and that pyorrhea and sy s
t e mi c disease are O ften caused b y i t Thi s is not .
the faul t Of bridgework howe ver but is the resul t

f
, ,
O f improper construction o r application O f i t Fo r .
no o ther form O tooth replacement compares -
wi th bridgework when pr ope r ly appli ed

f
.
(11 Where there are a f ew te eth remaini ng in the aw

j
four methods O restoring the mi ssing ones are in
use ; partial plates bar dentures remo vable bridge
, ,
work and bridgework P artial plates and bar
H
, .
dentures were mentioned o n a pre vious page Le t .
us consider the two other methods briefly .
( I fi rst remark that the main ar u ment used in

g
favor O f remo vable bridges is th at they can be taken

,
out to clean while fix ed bridgework can not Th e .
x
answer to this is that the natural teeth are n o t
f
taken o ut t o clean and prop e rly con s tr ucte d fi ed
,
bri dges are no more di ficul t to clean than the

natural teeth .
(11 Further remo v ab le bridgework (n o t p latework

,
wi th clasps O ften improperly cal led re m o v

,
able bridgework IS tedious and di ffic ul t to make

’
.
It s use theref ore is confi ned to the few high

priced pract itioners who are able to get ex
f
t r a v ag an t fees f or it .
l] B ut th e o n e unpardonable Objection to re m o v
able bridgework is that i t in vol ves the destruction
O f pulps nerves
f Sc i ence h avi ng shown the
inadvisabili ty o this i t is no longer justi fiab le
Whene ver it can be a voided ; as it l argely can
be with prope rly con structe d bri dges Hence this .
o n e f au l t alone condemns the remo v able s y stem .
(1 1 N o w fix ed b ri dgework takes u p no more room
f
in the mouth then the natural teeth and performs
the functions O the l atter more perfectly than any
other method O f tooth replacement I t does not
,
f
.
cause any o f the destru ction o r annoy ance incident

to plates and does n o t in volve de vi talization O
,
the pulp as does remo vable bridgework A s .
usually made i t Often fails because it cannot be

kept clean and because the attachments bri ng
about disease O f the gums Wi th these faults
.
Th e X-ra
y i n D e n t i s t ry 1 9
elimi nat ed i t far e xcels all other forms Of dental

resto rat ion alway s pro vided the tee th used as
—
supports are adequate to carry it .
(l Th e me thods which we call the C ady Sy stem
f
are designed t o o vercome the f aul t s Of bridgework ,
whil e retaining its virtues I ts fir s t principle is to

.
k e e p aw ay r om t h e gum s both wi th the crowns

,
which are used as attachments and the du m mies

whi ch replace lost t eeth Th e dummi es are made
.
wi th a cleansing space ins tead O f res ting o n the

,
ums and the crow instead O f e x t ending t the

f
g , n s , o
gums reach o n l y part way and are tightly fitted
,
to the larges t diameter O the too th If there is .
decay at the neck a filli ng is in s er ted bu t b y ,
keeping the crown s away from this po i nt the pos

s i b i li t y O f gum irrita t ion is absolu t el y a voided .
(ll W e do not de vitalize ex cept where t here is

,
e xposure O f the p ul p o r where a post mus t be

,
inserted in the canal In posterior tee th whi ch

.
are harder to re ach with the brush we use wash ,

“ ,
o r bar bridges i ns t ead O f t he ordi nary du mmi es ;

,
thes e are e ven easier to clean than the natural

tee th In anterior teeth we use det achable poree
.
lain f acings whi ch can be replaced in a few

moment s when necessary without injury to the
f
, ,
balance O f the work

f
.
QTh e ad vantages O my sy stem may be bri efly

summed up as follows :it a voids di sease O the
gums by keepin g away from them and it is as ,
H
eas i ly cleaned as th e natural tee t h more s o i n
—
most c ases .
( Bu t li ke all bridge work th e C a dy Sy stem is n o t

adapted to e very condi tion and i t s successful
,
appli cati on demands j u dgm ent an d e xperience

f
.
Th e remai n i ng teeth 1 n th e j aw must be properly

placed and su fi ciently firm o r I cannot re co m
,
mend i t On l y personal exami nation can determine

f
.
thi s If y ou are i nterested I s hall be glad to show

.
y o u specimens O th is work and tell y o u whether

o r not it i s ad v i sab l e i n y o u r p articu l ar case
.
(B Th e cost i s per tooth except in di ffi cult

,
o r u nusual c ases wh ere a special pri c e wi ll be

,
quoted in ad vance .
Li ve
en tal
to lo ve , t o la u gh
min
an d
t s
to le arn .
AN IN G teeth is as important as any work

in dentistry Yet i s has been neglected more
.
than any other branch partly bec aus e den

,
t i s t s do n o t like the work and partly because

,
patients n o t realizing its i mportance complain

, ,
“
when charged what it is worth Th e a verage person
coming t o a dental O ffice say s ; TW O o r three
.
dollars is enough to pay for cleani ng teeth and ,
the a verage dentist gi ves such person two or three

f
dollars worth Of hi s tim e and lets it go at that ;
’
,
th ough the teeth are not hal cl eaned Th e patient

f
.
i s sat isfied because th e front teeth lo ok cl ean not ,
knowi ng that th e most necessary part O the work

has been neglected because it i s the most di fficul t
H
,
—
and that this neglect Will some day lead to
py orrhea and decay
?
.
1 1] O W does a dentist ex cuse thi s neglect Well h e ,
k nows it woul d i n many cases take se veral hour s
f
, ,
O f di sagreeable labor on hi s par t to scale poli s h ,
and clean the teeth properly He cannot a ford t o

.
spend thi s time un l ess he is properly paid for it ,
because he can earn as much or more on work h e

, ,
li kes better from the nex t patient

, .
(ll O f course h e shou l d tal k to patients ; educate

them in the importan ce o f cleani ng teeth th or
oughl y B ut that also takes time whi ch he cannot

.
a fford to spend un l ess he is paid o r it His time is

money and he has wasted hours O it more than
f
f
,
f
,
once in f ruitlessly try ing to make skeptical p a

,
t i e n t s realize the v alue O this work .
(ll SO i t came abou t that conscientious dentists ,
Wh o wanted to render proper ser vi ce and y et pro

t e ct their own interests trained y o u ng women to
,
d o the work and the talki ng I t was f oun d they

, .
did this af ter correct i nstruct ion better th an th e

, ,
dentis t s thems el ves as i t requires patience and

,
thoroughness ra ther than a high degree Of skill

, .
B ut they had no legal right t o work in the mouth

and their employ ment e ven in cleaning teeth
f
, ,
w as i n v iolation O f the law C onsequently the ne x t

.
s tep was the establishmen t O schools to do the

traini ng sy stematically and a law entitling gradu
,
a tes to practise their specialty legally l] This .

f
e xplains W h y we ha ve today an entirely new
special ty in dentistry and why the cleaning Of
,
tee th in up t o date den t al O ffices is scientifically

f
- -
, ,
perf ormed by dent al hy gienists .
1 1] I n 1 9 1 7 the Legisla ture O the S tate O f N ew York

en acted an amendment to the dent al law aut h o ri z ,
ing dentists to emplo y dental hygienists and pre ,
scrib ing strict legal requirements for women

who desired to study and practise this special
t y Thoroughly ali v e to the importance O f the
.
subject I lost no time after the ne w law w as,

f
p as sed in i nstalling a li cens ed graduate O th e
,
School o O ral Hy giene O C olumbia Un i v ersi ty f f

f
.
(
l h e c r eed O f den t al h y giene is tha t cleanlin ess
is the sal vation O th e teeth an d g ums and that ,
heal thy gu ms an d sound teeth in fluence the

general physical condi tion Statistics show that .
se vent y two men women an d children di e e v ery

-
,
day in the Un i ted States from di seases that

mi ght be pre vented ; and i t i s now known that
many O f these pre ventab le dis eases have their
origin in an un hy gien ic condi tion O f the mou th
an d teeth Wh en the publi c learn the v alue O f
.
dental hygiene therefore not on l y W ill decay Of

, ,
the teeth and disease O f th e gums be less bu t

f
,
systemic di sease W i l l be greatly reduced

f
.
(l Py orrhea al v eolari s o r R i gs di sease O the ’
g ,
g ums is the cause O many seri ou s bodily ailments

,
and 1 s much more pre valent than i s generally sup

posed espec ially l n the in cipe n t stage I t 1 s easily
, .
checked by dental hygiene if taken l n t ime ; but ,
if neglected it Often becomes impossible to cure .
Many people ha ve thi s di sease and do not k now
f
,
it un til too late They thi nk their tee th are clean

.
,
when as a matter O f act they are loaded With

bacterial deposits espec ially at the gums which
f
, ,
are slowly but surely est ablishi ng an incurable

,
.
f
condition Thi s is particularly true O pos terior
teeth whi ch are di ficult to reach Wi th the brush
Hence the work O f the dent al hy gienist i s not only
,
.
to clean t ee th but t o point out t o patients the

,
spo t s they negle ct and instruct them how to keep

f
,
these spo ts clean If oral hygiene accomp li shed

fl
.
no thi ng more than teachi ng the e e ct i v e use o

’
brush pick and floss it woul d be worth all it

, ,
costs B ut the actual sa ving i n denta l bills

.
,
not to menti on doctors bills f ar e xceeds this

’
, .
(11 I n the o l d way a dent ist cleaned teeth merely to

make them look clean by quickly going o ver the
ff
,
exposed surf aces onl y Th e new way reaches all

.
surf aces including the un e xposed and d i ficul t O

,
access I t impro ves appearance but accomplishes

.
,
something vastly more important .
(l Th e Old way wit h scraper and brus h Wheel rare ,
ly took o ver hal f an hour Th e new way wi th special

.
applian ces and methods Often t akes se veral hours

f
.
(ll N aturall y there is great variation in the time

necessary to thoroughly clean tee th in di ferent
mouths ; hard and e xtensi ve accre tions taking
much longer than mere stains o r so ft deposi ts .
E ven Where the deposits are slight it is seldom that

a set O f tee th can be properly cleaned in less than
o n e hour ; Where the y are hea vy the work requ i res
many hours and se veral sitti ngs This being the

case there is but one rational way to charge o r
,
such work and that is for the time it cons u mes

,
.
f .
O ur fee is per hour .

$3 1 1 tIe t
ainlessness
y our wor k as w e ll as yo u ca n , an d be
H E indi fference O f dent ists generall y to the

fl
pain they in i ct is hard to understand It is
due many times t o l ack O sy mpathy perhaps
because the dentist s o w n teeth are n o t sensiti ve
’
f ,
.
It is some times due t o haste ; the application O f

o n e remedy af ter another (frequen t ly necessar y )
consumes time It Often comes from ignorance ;

.
dental colleges strangely enough teach li ttle on

, ,
the subj ect and it is seldom di scussed in dental

societies s o " s o
Q] Whate ver the cause the fact remains that mos t
,
“
dentists are careless about the pain their patients
suffer A sharp bur and steady hand are the best
.
Obtundents they say I know better than this for

,
”
.
my o w n teeth are e xtremely sensiti ve O perations

f f
.
in my mouth have alway s been a serious affair

f
,
b oth o r me and o r the dentist who ser ved me ;

and no patient e ver came into my O fice with more
fear than I ha ve felt or was ser ved with more
,
reluctance by my Operators .
Q] Th e sharp b ur and steady hand idea was tried

on my teeth when I w as a b o y and I shall ne ver ,
f orget it A s a result O f that experience I later o n

.
dreaded work on my tee th so much t h at o ul d put

fl
f
it O for months though well aware the longer de
’
,
l ay ed the more I would su f er N at urally while .

,
looki ng forward W i th dr ead to the ine vi table

Operation I was study ing and experimenting t o
ffl
,
make it as painl ess as possible This accounts in .

,
large part o r my early interest in painl essness

, ,
and for my e o r t s co vering a period O f thirty

’
,
y ears which ha ve kept me constantl y o n the

,
alert to sa v e my patients from unnecessary

su fli
er n g .
Q] Three factors contribute to painl essness in my

O ffice :specializ ation ; an e ffecti ve Obtunding sy s
tem ; the d e si re to a void pain .
Q] In the last analy sis painl ess operations on teeth

depend largely o n the heart O f the Operator If he .
is careless hasty or unsy mpathet i c he wil l i nflict

, , ,
pain e ven when adequate means are at hand to

a vert it Hence patience gentleness and an
.
, ,
e arn e s t d e s i re to a void pain are essential I wi ll not

.
allow any man to work o n my teeth who does not
f f
possess these quali ties an d I demand as much for
,
my patients as I do o r my self Fo r this reason

f
.
members O my staff are selected not only for skill ,
but o r sy mpathy and ca refulness especially in ,
dealing with nervous and sensiti ve patients .
Q] Time i s another important f actor i n dentistry ,
for i t is an i mpossibility t o work h ast i ly o n sens i ti ve

on e O f
teeth without inflicting pain Therefore it is .
the in variable rul es O f my O fice t o t ake all

the time necessary to a void pain This is something .
f
many dentis ts who practise alone th ink the y can
not a fford especially when there is a pat ient
f
,
waiting in the reception room B ut wi th my large

fl
.
st a we can care o r the patient in the recep t ion

room wi thou t neglecting the o n e in the chair .
Q] A grea t man once said ; Ge t y our happiness

o ut O f y our work or y o u will ne ver know what real
happiness is ”
f
.
Q] Happiness in our work accoun ts for the cheer

ful a tmosphere O f this O fice which is so apparent
,
as to be frequently remarked by patients You may .
think this has nothing to d o with making o ur work

painl ess but I assure y ou it has
, . .
Q] If y ou e ver sat in the chair Of a grouchy o r ,
unsympathetic dentist y ou wi ll know What I

mean .
uhl i t i t p
I h a ve d o n e goo d wo rk
f
I kn o w wh at p le as ur e i s , or
.
N 1 889 when I was a high pri ced ethical

-
practitioner in C hicago doing all work wi th

,
my o w n hands I became dis sat i s fied with

,
this method O f practice and resol ved to impro ve it

f
.
Q] I had a good general knowledge O f my pro

e s s io n
. B ut like most men I was actually skillful
in o n l y o n e branch and knew I could render better
,
serv ice by confin ing my work t o that branch and

sur rounding mysel f wi th men who were skillful in
the others .
Q] There was no more h O p e O f making such an

inno vat i on success ful without ad vertising h o w ,
e ver than there was O f J ohn Wanamaker succeed

f
,
ing wi thout it SO I had to deci de Whether I would

.
continue to serve cli ents in an in eri or way o r

f
,
resign my membership i n dental societies and

ignore the code O ethics in order to do a larger
f
,
and better work A gainst the advice O f my pro

.
e s s i o n a l brethren I chose the latter course .
Q] That was a long time ago (I ha ve been in this

fl ,
O i ce twenty si x y ears ) and since then my C hi

-
cago dr eam has materialized in the largest high ,
class dental practi ce in existence B ecause nothing

.
s ucceeds li ke success perhaps man y O my ea rly

, ,
cri tics now admit that a prof essional man can use
f
pri nters i n k without sacri fi ci ng hi s ideals Some
’
.
day they will percei ve that it does n t matter so ’
much how a dentist attracts patients t o hi s O ffice

as how he treats them when they are there .
QI protes t against the rul es O f dental soci eti es

because they are selfish and made for the benefit
Of members onl y If they aimed t o protect the
f f
.
publi c as they shoul d honesty sobri ety an d skill

, , ,
woul d be the test O m e m b e rs hi p i n s t e a d O n o n ad

,
-
v e rt i s i n g QI know that many ad v ert i sing dent i sts
f
.
l ack a sense Of pro fessional Obligation s o do many —
e t h i ca dentists o r that matter B ut dental

, .
societies do not discrimin ate between the goo d and

the bad They cl ass all ad verti sers as Pai nl ess
.
Parkers whi ch i s as foolis h as to class all non

”
,
ad vertisers with Pro fessor B lack Th e f act Of a .
dentist s ad verti sing does n o t pro ve his i n co m

’
p e t e n c y any more than membership i n a denta l

society pro ves he is competent .
f
QTh en too the rul e agai nst ad verti s i ng i s i n co n
, ,
s i stent because man y e t hi ca dentists get all

the ree ad verti sing they can an d gO t o great ,
length s t o do so Wh at they Object to is ad vert i si ng

.
that is honestly bought and paid for A society

f
.
member remains in good standi ng as long as he

refrai ns from ad vertising O this k ind no matter ,
h o w wretched his work or his charac ter may be

, , ,
30 Th e X-ray i n D e n ti s t ry
whil e a man O f the highest attainments who ,
uses publicity in a man ner not sanctioned

by the code i s anathema tized Le t the societies
, .
cast o ut the beam from their own ey e before they

attempt to extract the mote from their brother s ’
.
QDi d y o u read Th e Kaiser as I Knew Him

whi ch attracted s o much f a vorable commen t in
1 9 1 8? Would y ou belie ve that the gifted A merican
author a d entist was refused admission to a
N ew York dental society because O f i t ?
, ,
By
f our teen y ears O f honorable achie vement he had
f
become famous thr oughout the world His fame
indeed was the crime o r which this man who had
brought honor to A merican dentistry was dis
.
,
,
honored by A merican dentists when dri ven ou t O f

G ermany He was rejected because the y feared his
.
book might aid his wicked design to gain a li veli

hood for himself and family in competition with
,
the members Of the society he desired to join

Honor him for what he had done ?
f
.
No t f or an
instant " B u t knock him o r what he might do He .
was unethical ”
f
.
QSome y ears ago se veral members Of this same

soc iety attempted to boy cott E lbert Hubbard o r
writin g his Little J ou rney to a G reat D entist
about me His reply in Th e Phi li s ti n e O March
.
,
1 9 1 0 is earnestl y recommended to the at tention

,
f ,
O f this same jealous co t e ri e b e caus e Of i t s bearing o n

,
their contemptible treatment Of the Ka i ser s dentist ’

.
Th e X ray i n D e n t i s t ry 1
Q While I
“
shall conti nue to practise my prof ess i on
in th e way that seems best t o m e w i t h o ut ethical ,
”
dictation I cannot e xpect any sensible person to

,
decide a serious question like the selection Of a

f
,
dentist on the arguments Of ad vertising alone

, .
Proof O e x cellence is necessary indisputable proo f ; ,
and it is just here that this booklet merits atten

tion There is n o t a statement in it which can n o t
.
be substantiated but e ven i the preceding pages

,
be taken wi th the customary grain Of sal t the

f ,
letters which follow and the prominence O f the

,
wr i ters must compel con viction when I claim t o

,
s tand in a class by myself .
QI wri te my o w n ad vertisements and enjo y it and ,
now ha ving talked wi th y o u thus I shall enjoy ,
talki ng wi th y o u face t o face I make n o charge .
for consult ation .
E D WAR D E VE RETT CAD Y ,
Fu lton S treet corner C ourt S quare

, ,
(opposite Hall O f R ecords )

B rooklyn -N ew York .
C O YRI GH
P T 1 91 9
B Y ED WA RD EV ERETT C AD Y D D , . . S
.
LETTERS
Ed w d Everett C d y D D S
a
ar
no a
a
It is w g ood m y ye rs si ce I beg Oi g t y u for de tist ry I
ou
,
an
I h d disco vered y e rlier I wo uld h v e h less p i Also I wo l d w a
. .
a n
a
an n o
a n
o n
u no
. f
h v e more te t h d more mo ey for few thi g s so expe sive i the
.
—
a e an n n are n n
poor de tistr y y o r I h e o y ex ce e
f
on
g run as I fi h d n l l l t d n u O ce av a n n an
s t s f ctory work
.
a i a
Y u h v e e v er s k ed s ggest ed y word comme d t io from me
M
.
M M
o a n a or u an o n a n
b t the brie f d simp le testimo y I w se d is j stl y d from yo r
f
,
u an y n no n u ue ou u
s tis fi ed p tro
a a n (R ) W L V K ELL EY D EV. IL IA
Edi t r t hodi t R i w 1 50 Fi th A
.
. ,
u o , h tt e s ev e , ven e, an a an .
Ed w rd Ev erett C dy D D S
a a
W he I p t myself i yo r h ds I w i lid d h d eg lect ed my
.
, .
f f
n u n u an as a n nva an a n
teeth for y e rs I eeded the services O f sev er l speci lists i yo r O ffi ce
a n a a n u
re lt t hei r g e t le d s k il l mi istr tio s I m
.
,
w m
f
b t u as a s u O n an u n a n a a ne an
tod y d e teri g w li fe I debt O f g r t it de for mo th o we ou a u u
O f de t l sk i ll whi yh v e g re t ly impro v ed my he lth
a an n n on a n e a a
u l O f m ster i a e ce s n a o a a a
an d i cre se m y stre gt h
n a n
fe llow m m y co t himself fort t e wh g ets ppoi tme t
.
A ny - an a un un a o an a n n
) D AV I D G REGG
f
with yo u (R Ev
id t W t r Th ologi c l S mi ry Pi tt b rgh Form P t r
.
.
,
P re s en es e n e a e na s u ; er as o
L y tt A Pr byt ri C h rch B rookly a a e e ven u e
,
es e an u , n .
Edw rd Everett C dy
f
a a D D S
th t m y visits yo r Offi ce d I w t t e xpress m y
.
, .
N ow a t to u are a an en an o
ap i ti
re c a the serv ice y h v e
on o me ou a on e
we t to prep red t lose m y t eeth Y h e s ed t hem d t h
.
n on a o ou av av an e
process o f v tio ith l so ple s t th t I lmost re t it is fi ished
.
,
sa a n w as w a a an a a e n
(R E V ) J OH
If the p erfect s tis f tio Of t h p t ie t co ts for g t let me ss re
f f
.
a ac n e a n un au a u
t h t i t ex ists i N L B EL O RD ,
yo u a n F
Ch r h th N ti i ty O B l d L r d B ro kly
.
.
,
u c o e a v o ur e ss e o , o n .
Edw rd Everett C d y D D S
a a
G i v e me re fere ce i co ectio with the e xce lle t d i t seems to
, . .
as n n nn n n an
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Th e X-ray i n D e n t i s t ry 33 l
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my me most e th usi t ic C dy i t (if y u will
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.
d
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a n u na e n as a s.
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Th co rteo s s it ry scie t i fi c methods f

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.
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b y recomme di g y n n A G
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420 Ei g ht h St B rookly
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n a u o e a a a n e
m er i which I h v e bee tre ted for m y ye rs i yo r o ffi ce C heerful
an n n a n a an a n u
d co rteo s tte tio h bee m y f i li g experie ce while moder
.
an u u a n n as n un a n n n
d method did w y with the p i Th prompt m er i
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f
a a n ce s an s a a a n e an n n
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nd ll t h a n o a an o o u an a e
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n an n a a o o a a a un n a
work for me co sisti g o f g old filli g s crow s d bridg e work I t w
n n n n an - as so
well do e th t I h ve h d othi g b t co mfort with my teeth e ver si ce
, .
H
n a a a n n n
with f rther expe se i ll this time I h ve recomme ded m y peopl
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i the p st d e xpe t to do so here fter
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bee re vel tio to me d I c ot refr i f rom t d i my dmiri g
,
h as n a a n an an n a n en e r n a n
respects d co gr tul tio s an n A L B ERT R s
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f
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I h v e bee p tie t of yo rs for m y ye rs d h vi g h d time d , . .
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a n a a n u an a an a n a an
opport ity to j dg e the v l e of yo r services I g l dl y recomme d y u
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se rch fi t cl ss de t istr y I rece tly m de trip from
,
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n pp i ti na en a re c a on s a s e au o
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s ystem d s t isf t ry work i g de t l ppar tus
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ever eq u led h is sti ll s uscepti ble o f
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t ooth d comme d t h f cilit y wit whic h whited sep ulchre mo th
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them t k ow their b si ess si ce I k ow y u fi t cl ss t ab h h m t
o n u n n n ou r n a rs - a es
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s en
more th g ood de t ist s Th ey g r ci o s g ood
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P ,
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T h s k il l o f y o ur st ff o f speci l ists is re el t io The y tte ded to
, . .
e a a a v a n a n
e e y t o th I h v e repl ced t hose th t were missi g extr cted sever l
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v r o a a a n a a
erv es d did ll this witho ut letti g me fi p i
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n an a n su er a n
I welcome the opp rt ity t expr ss my th k s d p i t i for
, .
o un o e an an a re c a on
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I m g l d to h ve the p t it y t express t y my e t ire s tis
. .
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a a a o r un o o ou n a
f ctio with the t t m t t t my t eet h h ve recei v ed t
a n re a en h ds o ur
th t I sh ll c ll upo y u g i w h e y thi g f rther
a a a an
d I ss re y
,
.
an a u ou a a a n o a a n n an n u
is req ired to be do e to them
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u
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n
p i st k i g tte tio bsol te cle li ess co urt es d sk ill I
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most he rtily recomme d yo ur ery complet e d com fort l est blishme t
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a n v an s s n .
.
,
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E dw rd E erett C d y D D S
a v a
Yo r or i s sple di dly q i p d for servi g t h p blic g e tly
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a bl e an a a an n o a s a
G EO R G E W E IDER N
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1 9 1 Fl tbu h A B r okly ,
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t be t wide ly k ow th t y h e perfect ed t h scie ce o f
, . .
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de tistry so th t i y o r h ds it i s p i less d e ffi ci e t service for
f
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Edi tor Th P hot
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a u a n a n u
se lf d speci sts d the mero s frie ds I h v e direct ed t y
an a an ll
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a v a
Si x tee y e rs g y o r est blishme t w recomme ded t me b y
, . .
n a a o u a n as n o a
frie d Yo r speci lists h v e si ce do e g re t v riety of work i
.
f
n u a a n n a a a n co n
ectio with my teeth ll o f which h bee ery s tisf ctory to me I
M
.
n n a as n v a a
ttrib te this e tire ly t y o r pl h i g speci lists for e ch br ch
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,
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o f t h work e A E I L ER S ,
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a an
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.
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a n u u u n a an o ur n
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J EROM E E
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1 98 Ch urch St an hatt a n .
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Yo r co rteo us f v or o f rece t d te w
u u h rbi g er l
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l
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Yo r est bl ishme t de t sy mpho y d yo r methods kill ull

.
u a n a n a n an u s
ki d p i less were re v e l t io s to me Th spl e did co ditio o f m y teeth

, , ,
f
n a n a n e n n n
t d y mp ly tt s t s y o ur s pe rior bi li t y i y o r chose pro f essio

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It h bee well s id t h t D e tistry req ires the ey e t h l pid ry
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as n a a n u o e a a
t h s k i ll o f mech ic t h t ste rtist the erv e o f s g eo

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t h sy mp thies o f f rie d Th t y u d ll yo r t p th se req i
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.
s e n P
P r Fr d ri k Lo r E C I B rookly
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Vi ce - e s ., e e c e se ( c .
, nc .
, n .
Ed a w rd Ev erett C dy D D S
de t l work do e t yo est blishme t
a
m y f mi ly for m y
, . .
f
M
Th e n a n a ur a n or a an
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rs h be most ex cell e t d i t is lw ys pl e s re to re fer u f rie d
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as n a a e o r a n u
twel e y e rs g h rem i ed i b l t perfect co ditio p t t his time
.
f
v a a o as a n n a so u e n n u o
Th e ficie t m er i which I h v e bee ble t m stic t e food si c t h
.
e n ann n a n a o a a n e e
wor k w do e h e bled me to l g h t ld g which the co ditio
as n as na au a o a e, n n o
my s t om ch pri or t t h t t ime led me t t hi k w
a
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W C B OLT ON
.
456 Fulto S t B rookl y

.
,
n .
, n
E dw rd Ev erett C d y D D S
a a
D ri g the twe ty y e rs I h v e li v ed i N w York ll my d t work
, . .
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u n n a a n e a en s
b e do e b y y u g i v e the ut mos t s tis f ct io
,
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Ed w rd Ev erett C y d D D S
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It g iv es me ple s re to ex pres s m y si cere ppreci tio the thoro g h
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p tie t i yo r c re I reg rd yo
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n
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.
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ery hi g hest res lts i de t l pr ct ice
,
M
th e v u n n a a .
6 05 Fi f C as s
th A ven ue ,
. F . Te am .
an hatt a n '
E d w rd Everett C dy D D S
a a
Si c y u beg look g ft er my teet h I h v e h d bsol t e de t
, . .
n e o an m in a a a a u n a co
fo t Also I h ve spok e t h p ublic pl tf orm more d better t h I
f
r a n on e a an an
er d d be fo e I k ow h w t c re for my t eet h i t h best possible m er
.
,
ev i r n o o a n e an n
d I do T h t d m y disli k e bei g h urt e xpl i wh y I m p tie t
, ,
an a an o n a n a a a n
o f yo urs Th u k i d t hi g s I somet imes y bo ut doctors do t ppl y
.
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t y u f or I m e er y o r g r te f ul
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I first co s ulted y u my t eeth were i s uch deplor ble co ditio , . .
en n o n a n n
th t y u fr kl y i formed me t h work wo uld be di ffi c ult d h s t n
e tirely s tisf ct ory b ut t h t y u wo uld do t h best y u co ulg u er t h
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Whe the work w fi ished t h impro veme t i m y mo ut h seemed more
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li k e mir cle t h t h res l t o f h m i g e it y
f
a a an e u u an n nu
T h g re t s ccess y u h e chie v ed is d u l rg el y co rse t t h
.
e a u o av a e a o u o e
s uperior sk ill yo ur speci lis t s B ut I sh ll l w s remember with g r t i
, ,
d s y m th y whi y cc omp ied this s kill

M
o a a a a a
t de the k i d ess g e tl e es s
.
u n n n n an a o a an
d sh ll g l dl y recomme d y u t m y i d A C HAG E A N
,
an a a n o o r en s
B Fl
. . .
,
C as hi er, Que e n s C ount y S avi n g s an k , us hi n g . N Y . .
a a
I m ple sed to y th t the work of speci list s h l ys gi ve
, . .
M
a a sa a y o ur
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a as a wa n
me d t h members o f my f mily weIj frie ds whom I h v e se t t
an e a as as n a n o
e t ire s tis f t io WKC m ,
yo u, n a ac n a R LE r ,
2 d Vi c P r S b o rd N t i o l B k
.
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01 13 2 36411 1 11 1

In dus try w i t h out art

g}/ th e mistakes o f do ctors and R obert Ingerso ll ,

(JITh i s ch apter is a co n ession o f a serious mi stake

f acts i n conn ection wi th it are unknown t o the

4 ] This strange mistake cons i sted i n de vitali z ing

a mi sta ke w as not known until the X ray dis -

co vered i t Pre vi ous to that time it was taught

i n dental colleges rec ommended by standard

te xt books and practis ed by e very dentist wi th

skill enough t o use i t I t consisted in destro yi ng

th e pul ps ner ves in all teeth that were used

d evi tali z at i on mi stake .

res ul ts which followed it were ne ver dreamed

res ults came from leaving porti ons o f the pulp in

a fter the pulp was remo ved .

truth they were not For the re w as n o way o kn ow

i n g wh e th er r o ot s w e re pr ope rly ﬁlle d or n ot un ti l

subsequent trouble t his aim was supposed to be

w ere occasionall y found to be i mperfec tly ﬁlled

there w as no idea that any harm could ollo w

(ll Fo r n o o n e i magined in those da y s that sy stem i c

o the pro f ession were d irected solel y t o th e preser

thi ng more important was in volved If it beca me .

necessary to e xtract after a root ca nal Operation ,

t h e dentist was mort iﬁ ed it is true B ut thi s w as

simply because the too th was lost .

1 } I magine th en the feelin gs o f a conscient i o us

hi s root canal techn i que when the re v elations

o f the X ray were sudden l y thrust upon hi m

wi th th e assertion that se venty nin e per cent o -

root canal ﬁl lings Were imperfect

th e loss o a tooth must ha ve worried when he

learned that e very o n e o f h i s i mperf ect root ﬁlli n g s -

was a possible caus e o serious bodily ailmen t ,

such as a rthritis neuritis di seases o f the heart

ki dneys stomach ey es ner ves etc

(EI t was an asto un di ng re v elation o f a tremendo us

broke down as a res ul t o it He had spent four

canal work pri di ng hi ms el o n h is thoroughness

and gi vin g the best that was in him wi thout stint , ,

t o h i s patients Suddenl y the X ra y showed th at

his work was not what he fon dl y belie ved it to be .

He worried o ver the matter until his health failed ,

an d he re t i red f rom practice I belie v e there were .

man y others li ke him

q Th e de vi t ali zation mi stake i n vol ved practically

ﬁl led roots in th e mouth s o f h is p atients ; and

(IITh ere can be no doubt that th e pus i n dental

metastas i s are carri ed to distant parts o f th e body

to work h a voc Therefore it is important to k no w

what shou ld be done wi th dead teeth ; for an y

ﬁlled may gi ve troub l e tomorro w e ven though i t

(11 I n the ﬁrst pl ace i t sho ul d be u nderstood th at

local trouble such as soreness o the tooth or

i nﬂammat ion o the gu m O ften these teeth carry .

perfect ﬁll i ngs o r crowns and to all outward ,

appearance are as useful and harmless as any i n

(EB ut all dead teeth and any suspected o being