POLITEKNIK

SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ASSIGMENT / PRACTICAL / CASE STUDY/ PRESENTATION / REFLLECTIVE

JOURNAL / PROJECT

COURSE OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR ENGINE

COURSE CODE DUW10022

CLASS DEU1B

NAME MATRIX NO

NURFAZLIN BINTI MD 08DEU21F1083

YAMIN KHAN
GROUP MEMBERS
NUR ANISAH BINTI MOHD 08DEU21F1108
RAZALI

HAZREEN HAZWANY 08DEU21F1110

BINTI HAZLEE EFFENDDY

TITLE CASE STUDY 2 (FIRE SAFETY)

LECTURER NAME PUAN ASTRAHUDA KAMARULAINI BT MOHD FAHMI

DATE SUBMITTED 31 DISEMBER 2021

LECTURER
COMMENT
MARKS
 CONTENT

1.Introduction
2.Objective
3.Fire Safety Plan
4.Organization of ERT
5.Fire Control Method
6.Fire Protection Method
7.Emergency Evacuation Method
8.Layout to Assembly Point
9.Comment and Suggestion
 INTRODUCTION
Fire safety is one of the most significant concerns in the built-environment domain,
due to its vital role for the survival of human beings and protection of properties. It
is also important to know how fire occur; Fire is a chemical that when a flammable
material and oxygen comes into contact with a heat source or ignition . Fire safety
refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the likelihood of a fire that
may result in death , injury , or property damage , alert those in a structure to the
presence of an uncontrolled in the event one occurs , better enable those threatened
by a fire to survive in and evacuate from affected areas , or to reduce the damage
caused by fire . Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the
construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing ,
and those that are taught to occupants of the building . Threats to fire safety are
referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the
likelihood a fire may start or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs . Fire
safety also refers to planning and infrastructure design aimed at reducing the risk of
fire or impeding the spread of a fire when one does break out . fire safety
encompasses the use of fire-resistant building materials preventative actions , safe
work practice , fire safety training , flame-resistance protective clothing and more.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this report is to portray safety fire planning that required in a
building to prevents the occurrence of fire by
 control of fire hazards in the building
 ensures operation of fire protection systems by establishing maintenance
procedures
 provides a systematic method of safe and orderly evacuation of the building
in the event of fire.
 FIRE SAFETY PLAN

Identified
Hazard

Selection of
Medical
Safe
Treatment
Technology

FIRE SAFETY
PLAN

Emergency Safety
Responce Prevention
Plan System
Safety
Protection
System
1. Identified Hazard - Hazard identification is a part of risk assessment in which
the hazards are identified for further investigation. Once the hazards are identified
then proper measures can be taken to eliminate them by using engineering controls
. For example , frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock) , boxes
stacked precariously (they could fall on someone) , noisy machinery (could result
in damage to your hearing).
2. Selection of Safe Technology – it covers the usage of the technologies that can
reduce the potential for death or injury to the occupants of a building , the
equipment or machinery in the building and the process that occurs in the building
3.Safety Prevention System - Fire prevention systems are put in place so a
building’s fire load is as low as it can possibly be. ‘Fire load’ is a term used by fire
protection professionals to determine the potential severity of a fire in a building,
based on the presence of certain hazards. Essentially, fire prevention reduces the
likelihood of a serious fire. By safely storing combustible materials, and taking
care of points of ignition (such as heating systems and plug sockets), we are
reducing the risks associated with fire.
4.Safety Protection System - The aim of a fire protection system is to protect a
building’s occupants and minimize the damage associated with fire. Overall, the
goal is to provide the widest possible window for a safe evacuation, whilst also
reducing potential repair costs.
5.Emergency Response Plan – Design to address fire emergency situation that
could occur within their organization . In the building where members of the public
or persons unfamiliar with the layout of the building are present, there should be
means available to identify the key escape routes . They could include schematic
drawing and the most importantly emergency escapes and exit sign.
6.Medical treatment – Medical surveillance and treatment system sending victims
to medical Centre if they exposed to toxic materials from fire, heat and ensure
procedures for transportation of victims and appointment of officer in charge.
 ORGANIZATION OF ERT
An emergency response team (ERT) is a group of people who prepare for an response to any
emergency incident, such as a natural disaster or an interruption of business operation. Incident’s
response team are common in public service organization as well as in organization. This team is
generally composed of specific members designated before an incident occurs , although under
certain circumstances the team may be an ad hoc group of willing volunteers. Incident response
team members ideally are train and prepared to fulfil the roles required by the specific situation (
for example , to serve as incident commander in the event of a large-scale public emergency). As
the size of an incidents grows, and as more resources are drawn into the event, the command of
the situation may shift through several phases . In a small case event , usually only a volunteer or
at hoc team may respond. In event both large and small , both specific member and at hoc teams
may work jointly in a unified command system . Individual team members can be trained in
various aspect of the response , either be it medical assistance /first aid, hazardous material spills,
hostage situations , information system attacks or disaster relief . ideally, the team has already
defined a protocol or set of actions to perform to mitigate the negative effects of the incident.
 FIRE CONTROL METHOD

1.Fire Control Method

•Fuel Control(Removal of Combustible Material)
•Heat Control(Cooling Effect)
•Oxygen Control (Smothering/Blanketing)
•Beating out (Breaking of Chain Reaction by Hitting)

2.The most common method to control a Class-A fire is to remove heat by

spraying the burning solid fuels with water. Another control method would be to
reduce the oxygen content in the immediate vicinity of the fire (i.e., "smother" the
fire), such as by the introduction of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide.
3.Some Class-B fires (hydrocarbons, petroleum, and fuels on fire) cannot be
efficiently controlled with water.
Fuels with a specific gravity less than water, such as gasoline or oil, float on water,
resulting in the fire continuing in the fuel on top of the water.
forming a blanket on top of the liquid fuel which eliminates the oxygen needed for
combustion.
Some class-B fires can be controlled with the application of chemical fire
suppressants.
4.Class-C fires involve electricity as a continuous power source for the ignition of
the fuels associated with electrical equipment, such as plastic cable jackets.
The removal of electricity as a continuous ignition source is important to eliminate
re-ignition
Fire Prevention
•Avoid release of flammable into the atmosphere
-Explosion depends on an atmosphere of a mixture of flammable material with
oxygen. The best approach to prevent fires and explosions is to substitute or
minimize the use of flammable material. If that is not possible it is important to
avoid effective sources of ignition.
•Release of Heat
-Reducing heat on wildfires may be accomplished in two ways: cooling with water,
foam, dirt, or scattering the available fuels to reduce the effect of radiant heat.
•Control of Heat Sources
-Keeping potential fuel sources away from ignition sources
-Regularly cleaning dust, grease, and other potentially flammable substances
-Cleaning all spills immediately
-Storing combustible materials in designated safe areas

2.During Incident of Fire

•Close/stop supply of flammable
-Eliminate ignition sources (sparks, smoking, flames, hot surfaces) when working
with flammable and combustible liquids. Use the smallest amount of flammable
liquid necessary in the work area. Keep storage areas cool and dry. Store
flammable and combustible liquids away from incompatible materials.
•Close/stop supply of oxygen
- The shut-off valves are inside a 12” square cut-out in the wall, covered by a clear
plastic door that can be removed by pulling on the metal ring attached to the center
of the plastic door.
 FIRE PROTECTION METHOD
Fire is a chemical reaction that requires three elements to be present for the
reaction to take place and continue. The three elements are:
•Heat, or an ignition source
•Fuel
•Oxygen
These three elements typically are referred to as the “fire triangle.” Fire is the
result of the reaction between the fuel and oxygen in the air. Scientists developed
the concept of a fire triangle to aid in understanding of the cause of fires and how
they can be prevented and extinguished. Heat, fuel and oxygen must combine in a
precise way for a fire to start and continue to burn. If one element of the fire
triangle is not present or removed, fire will not start or, if already burning, will
extinguish.

Fire protection has three major goals:

Continuity of operations - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent the
interruption of critical services necessary for the public welfare.
Property protection - on a public scale, this is intended to prevent area wide
conflagrations. At an individual building level, this is typically an insurance
consideration.
Life safety - the minimum standard used in fire and building codes.

Active fire protection systems include hoses, water spray, deluge, sprinklers,
firewater monitors, and steam rings around flanges. In most cases the principal
firefighting medium is water. However, other agents such as carbon dioxide can
also be used. Other than that,
1.Structural and Design Precaution
•Control of Heat Sources
-Prevention: controlling ignition and fuel sources so that fires do not start.
-Communications: if ignition occurs, ensuring occupants are informed and any
active fire systems are triggered.
-Escape: ensuring that occupants of buildings and surrounding areas are able to
move to places of safety.
-Containment: fire should be contained to the smallest possible area, limiting the
threat to life safety and the extent of property likely to be damaged.
-Extinguishment: ensuring that fire can be extinguished quickly and with minimal
consequential damage.

•Control of Fuel
-Fire load: By controlling the amount of material which will burn and release heat
to feed the growth of a fire.
-Smoke load: It will also reduce the amount of smoke which can be produced.

2.Fire Detector/ Alarm

•Heat detection
-Thermal or heat detectors respond to the energy emission from a fire in the form
of heat. The normal means by which the detector is activated is by conventional
currents of heat air or combustion products or by radiation effects.
•Radiation Detection
-Ionization smoke detectors expose people to a tiny amount of radiation—about
1/100 of a millirem per year. This is well below the background radiation level of
about 360 millirems a year. If a smoke detector contains radioactive materials, a
printed notice on the packaging will say so.
•Smoke Detection
-An ionization smoke detector uses a radioisotope, typically americium-241, to
ionize air; a difference due to smoke is detected and an alarm is generated.
Ionization detectors are more sensitive to the flaming stage of fires than optical
detectors, while optical detectors are more sensitive to fires in the early
smouldering stage.
•Flammable Gas Detection
-A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a
flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on
the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line and
activating a fire suppression system.

3.FIRE FIGHTING
•Fire fighting facilities
-fire hydrants and rising mains
-hose reel systems
-sprinkler systems
-water mist and fogging systems
-gas systems (sometimes referred to as “clean agent systems”)
-foam systems
-dry powder.
 Fire safety sign

EMERGENCY EVACUATION METHOD

•Escape Incase of Fire
-Take the safest route while staying as low as possible.
-Cover their nose with a shirt or damp towel.
-Crawl under the smoke to avoid inhaling it. Smoke is deadlier than flames in a
house fire.
-Not waste time picking up valuables. It usually takes less than 30 seconds for a
fire to get out of control. Fires can spread even faster in homes with synthetic
furniture and furnishings. A few seconds can be the difference between life and
death.
-Not open a door if smoke is coming through it or if the doorknob feels hot. It’s
best to look for another way out (door or window).
-Close doors behind them to prevent the fire from spreading.
-Use the “stop, drop, and roll” technique to put out the flames if clothing catches
fire.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION METHOD
 LAYOUT TO ASSEMBLY POINT

1. Identify potential dangers

2. Assign responsibility
3. Perform regular fire drills
4. Ensure escape routes are unobstructed
5. Choose appropriate fire assembly points
6. Keep everyone informed
 COMMENTS AND SUGGESTION
The fire safety plan helps to keep everyone safe from a fire. Nobody can’t predict
every emergency under the sun , but we can plan ahead . And if we plan ahead , it
will reduce the risk of someone getting seriously hurt in an accident . this level of
preparedness will also give the staff or people in the building peace of mind . They
will be able to come to work each day knowing that the plan keeps them safe. That
makes it easier for them to focus on what matters.
Furthermore , our suggestion is focus on people who is not familiar with the
building or a visitor in case when the fire occur is
-Know the building’s evacuation plan
-Evacuate calmly and quickly whenever a fire alarm sounds
-Know the ways out of the building
-Before opening a door , feel it with back of your hand. If the door is hot, do not
open it.
- If encounter smoke during the evacuation , stay low to the floor
-Know the outside rally point for the building
So it can reduce the people who affected by fire.
REFFERENCE
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