CH 6

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1.

Misconceptions Concerning Public-Key Encryption:

• Addresses common misconceptions about public-key encryption, including its


superiority to symmetric encryption, its impact on symmetric encryption's
obsolescence, and its perceived ease of key distribution.

2. Principles of Public-Key Cryptosystems:

• Discusses the principles and challenges of secure communication without relying on a


Key Distribution Center (KDC), emphasizing the key distribution problem and message
authenticity verification.

3. Public-Key Cryptosystems:

• Explains the essential components of a public-key encryption scheme, which include


plaintext, encryption/decryption algorithms, public and private keys, ciphertext, and
the decryption algorithm.

4. Applications for Public-Key Cryptosystems:

• Categorizes public-key cryptosystems into three applications: encryption/decryption


with the recipient's public key, digital signatures, and key exchange sessions.

5. Public-Key Requirements:

• Lists the key conditions for a satisfactory public-key algorithm, highlighting the
importance of having a trap-door one-way function to ensure security.

6. Public-Key Cryptanalysis:

• Examines potential attacks on public-key encryption, including brute force,


mathematical attacks, timing attacks, hardware fault-based attacks, and chosen
ciphertext attacks.

7. Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) Scheme:

• Introduces the widely used RSA algorithm, its structure, and its reliance on
mathematical properties to secure data.

8. Efficient Operation Using the Public Key:

• Explains the use of specific values for e in the RSA algorithm to enhance the efficiency
of encryption.

9. Efficient Operation Using the Private Key:

• Discusses decryption efficiency by employing the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT)


and using d mod (p - 1) and d mod (q - 1) precalculations.

10. Key Generation:

• Describes the process of generating public and private key pairs, including prime
number selection and suitable trap-door one-way functions.
11. The Security of RSA:

• Explores the potential vulnerabilities and attack methods related to RSA, such as brute
force attacks, mathematical attacks, timing attacks, hardware fault-based attacks, and
chosen ciphertext attacks.

12. Example of RSA Algorithm:

• Demonstrates how RSA encryption and decryption work with an illustrative example.

13. Exponentiation in Modular Arithmetic:

• Discusses the use of modular arithmetic for RSA exponentiation, making specific
mention of its efficiency.

14. Constant Exponentiation Time:

• Describes countermeasures against timing attacks, such as ensuring that all


exponentiations take the same amount of time.

15. Random Delay and Blinding:

• Introduces other countermeasures, including adding random delays to exponentiation


and blinding to protect against timing attacks.

16. Fault-Based Attack:

• Explains an attack that induces faults in the signature computation, which can lead to
the recovery of the private key.

17. Chosen Ciphertext Attack (CCA):

• Describes the CCA method where an adversary selects ciphertexts and corresponding
plaintexts to retrieve sensitive information.

18. Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP):

• Discusses a countermeasure to CCA attacks, recommending OAEP for modifying


plaintexts.

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