Islamic University ‫الجامعة اإلسالمية‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫كلية الهندسة‬

Department of ‫قسم الهندسة الميكانيكية‬
Mechanical
Engineering

ME 474 – Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

EXPERIMENT 1
STUDY THE BASIC VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
LAB REPORT
Submitted To Mr. Yasir Ali
Submitted By
Mohammed Tahhan
392027113

Criteria Assessment Breakup Marks Secured Total

Experimental Set-Up 10

Experiment Execution 10
Experiment Set Up /40
Data Collection/Observation 10

Report( Equipment Set-Up) 10

Calculations 15
Experimental
Data Analysis/Discussion 15 /40
Analysis/Interpretation
Conclusion 10

Teamwork Teamwork 10 /10

PPE 3

Machine Safety Check 2

Safety /10
Alertness 2

Precautions/Safety Regulations 3

Total Marks 100 /100

EQUIPMENTS AND COMPONENTS
(ET 411C) Compression Refrigeration System

1 Compressor 11 Capillary tube 3 m

2 High pressure switch 12 Capillary tube 1,5 m
3 Compressor outlet manometer 13 Evaporator
4 Condenser 14 Evaporisation pressure manometer
5 Variable area flowmeter 15 Low-pressure switch
6 Filter/dryer 16 Main switch
7 Condensation pressure manometer 17 PC interface
8 Sight glass 18 Liquid separator
9 Capillary tube 6 m 19 Reservoir for refrigerant
10 Thermostatic expansion valve 20 Collector
OBJECTIVES

* Determination of heat capacity of condenser

* Determination of refrigerant quality at the exit of expansion valve

PROCEDURE collector to collect the refringent in the cycle

1. Turn on the compression refrigeration system using a (red) knob on the side panel.
2. Turn on the switch for condenser fan, evaporator fan and compressor.
3. Turn on PC and open ET411C software application to observe the operating parameters
(temperature, pressure, COP etc.) on diagram window.
4. Temperature T1, T2, T3, T4and T5 can also be observed on the front panel of the
refrigeration system. Volumetric flow rate is observed from the flow meter attached to
the refrigerating circuit.
5. Take measurements when system gets stable (10-15 minutes).
thermo state to control the opening and closing of the expation valve
OBSERVATION more lenth of caliper tupe more in pressure

State Temperature Pressure Enthalpy Entropy Density Phase

points (°C) (bars) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kgK) (kg/m3)

1 11.9 Low 40 6 1.75 15 Super-

3.5 heated
before composser
vapor
2 52.8 High 424 1.72 58 Super-
12 heated
after compressor vapor
3 39.8 High 253 0.85 1150 Supcooledl
after conenser 12 iquid
4 12.2 Low 253 1.08 1170 mixture
after expation valve 3.5
5 39.8 Low 406 1.75 15 Super-
3.5 heated
after evaporetor
vapor
liquid speartor to spearete the liquid from the gas and let only the gas enter the
comprosser
CALCULATIONS

Condenser heat capacity = 𝑚̇ (ℎ3 − ℎ2 )

Refrigeration cooling capacity = 𝑚̇ (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )

Refrigerant quality at exit of expansion valve

ℎ4 = ℎ𝑙 + (ℎ𝑣 − ℎ𝑙 )𝑥4

(ℎ2,𝑖𝑠 − ℎ1 )
Compressor isentropic efficiency (𝜂𝑖𝑠 ) = ⁄(ℎ − ℎ )
2 1

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑡ℎ = (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )/(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑚̇(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )/𝑊̇𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝

CALCULATIONS

Wcomp = 160W
7.5∗10^−3
Q3 = 7.5 L/h = =2.083×10-6 m3/s
60∗60

m=𝜌∗𝑄
1-Condenser heat capacity = 𝑚̇3 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 )=1150(2.08*10-6 )(424-253)=0.40 kw

2-Refrigeration cooling capacity = 𝑚̇ (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )= 1150(2.08*10-6 )(406-253)=0.36 kw

3-Refrigerant quality at exit of expansion valve

253−205
𝑥4 = ℎ4 − ℎ𝑙 /(ℎ𝑣 − ℎ𝑙 )= 400−205 = 0.25

(ℎ2,𝑖𝑠 − ℎ1 ) 415−406
4-Compressor isentropic efficiency (𝜂𝑖𝑠 ) = ⁄(ℎ − ℎ ) = = 0.22*100=22%
2 1 424−406

406−253
5-𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑡ℎ = (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )/(ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) = 424−406 =8.5

1150(2.08∗10−6 )(406−253)
6-𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑚̇(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )/𝑊̇𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = = 2.30
0.160
discussion:
The temperature of the refrigerant varies at different stages of the cycle, ranging from 11.9°C to
52.8°C. The temperature of the refrigerant increases during the compression process and
decreases during the expansion process.
The pressure of the refrigerant also varies at different stages of the cycle, ranging from low
pressure of 3.5 bars to high pressure of 12 bars. The pressure of the refrigerant increases during
the compression process and decreases during the expansion process.
The enthalpy of the refrigerant changes during the cycle. The enthalpy of the refrigerant increases
during the compression process and decreases during the expansion process.
The entropy of the refrigerant changes during the cycle. The entropy of the refrigerant decreases
during the compression process and increases during the expansion process.
The density of the refrigerant varies at different stages of the cycle. The density of the refrigerant
is low during the evaporation process and high during the condensation process.
We can observe from this experiment that the basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle involves
a series of processes that are designed to produce refrigeration effect. The cycle involves the
compression of the refrigerant, followed by the condensation process where the refrigerant
releases heat to the surroundings. Then, the refrigerant undergoes an expansion process, followed
by an evaporation process where it absorbs heat from the surroundings, thereby producing a
refrigeration effect. The cycle then repeats itself to maintain the desired refrigeration effect.
CONCLUSIONS

Bases on the calculations for this lab we can say that The refrigerant exists as a
super-heated vapor during compression and enters the condenser as a high-pressure
super-heated vapor.
The condenser heat capacity is 0.40 kW, indicating the amount of heat rejected by
the refrigerant during the condensation process.
The refrigeration cooling capacity is 0.36 kW, indicating the amount of heat
absorbed by the refrigerant during the evaporation process.
The refrigerant quality at the exit of the expansion valve is 0.25, indicating that the
refrigerant is a two-phase mixture at this stage.
The compressor isentropic efficiency is 22%, indicating that there are losses due to
friction and other factors during the compression process.
The coefficient of performance (COP) of the system is 8.5, indicating that the
system is efficient in converting electrical energy into cooling capacity.
The COP value of 2.30 indicates that for every unit of energy consumed by the
compressor, the system can produce 2.30 units of cooling capacity.