APPENDIX A (MELAB Test)

Please read each question carefully and choose the best alternatives. Mark the appropriate
place only on your ANSEER SHEET.

"?Did you like the film"-1

".Well, after…….the book, I was a bit disappointed"

a.having read b. I have read c.I am reading d. Had read

?Is your government salary good"-2

".Yes, but I don’t make as much…..worked in private industry"

a.as I b.if I would have c.i would if d.as I would if i

Why did Janice type all those letters?" "……..new to the job, she"-3

".didn't know it wasn’t necessary

a.while being b.Being c.When being d.As being

..……… Which dress do you like better?" the one"-4

a.i tried it on first b.first I tried it on c.i tried on it first d.I tried on first

".I`m surprised Betty didn`t win the Miss Singapore pageant"-5

".she would have……some talent"

a.had she have b.have she had c.had she had d.have she have

"?What are the office hours where you work"-6

".everyone comes in at eight and leaves at five ,.……"

a.general b.in generally c.in the general d. In general

?Why did you change your travel plans"-7

.I heard that……….to Washington D.C. in August is a bad idea"

a.gone b.i will go c.to go d.if I go

".We bed better traffic ruels".8

".yes……wouldn’t be so many accident

a.then it b.then they c.then d.then there

".I thought John wasn’t going"."i……… go"-9

a.made him b.made him to c.make him to d.make him

".I saw you studying at the library last night". "You ………I wasn’t there"-10

a.wouldnt have b.couldnt have c.might have d.have

".How is this game played?" well,the team…… the hightest score wins -11

a.gets b.is getting c.got d.that gets

".Did Miller win the election? "I am not sure………or not-12

a.he won b.that he won c.if he won d.whether won

".Why are you mad at John? "He`s been making a lot of trouble …….me lately "-13

a.for b.to c.with d.by

Let`s move the class to another room. "Well, there could be some problems "-14

".that..………

a.to do b.we do c.for us doing d.in doing

John should have warned you about that". Yes……he`s still my good"-15

".friend

a.moreover b.despite that c.although d.on the contrary

Is attendance important in this class?"No,but in the last class it……..very -16

".seriously

a.has taken b.has been taken c.eas taken d.was taking

Do you want to go skiing with us?"Oh,no!just…….skiing down a mountain-17

".terrifies me

a.the thinking of b.a thought on c.about thinking of d.the thought of

What`s that thing?""A fax,it`s a machine by which…..over the telephone -18

".line
a.written messages can be sent b.written messages can send them

c.can send written messages d.can be sent written messages

Did you decide to hire Smith for the job?""yes, I chose him because…….not"-19

.only has the experiences but also the education

a.he does b.he has c.he is d.he

The musicians have been practicing for eight hours"."Needless……..many of them want to "-20
".stop soon

a.to say that b.to say c.it`s said that d.saying

".I just heard John lost his job.""Yes……..the work led to his dismissal-21

a.he is unable to do b.his inability doing

c.his inability to do d.he is unable doing

".What`s all the noise about?"we had a bad accident…….at the factory -22

a.happend b.happening c.happen d.has happened

.Why was the road closed yesterday?""there……..a bad accident-23

a.must have been b.has been c.has to be d.might be

What`s the answer to the problem two?"I don’t know,and even…….i wouldn’t-24

".tell you

a.i did b.thought I did c.if I did d.if I do

"…………When was this school built?"I think it was sometimes-25

a.1960`s b.in 1960`s c.at the 1960`s d.in 1960`s

"It gets guite cold here in the winter""oh dear.i was hoping…….buy a coat "-26

a.not to have to b.i don’t have to c.i wouldn’t d.not having to

Several languages are spoken in your country.arent they?yes,but French-27

is ………in the region

a.dominated b.was expected c.had expected d.the fact that

"………I really like your new shoes""And they cost less than I"-28

a.expect b.was expected c.had expected d.am expecting

Why didn’t Andrew win the election?""Well,……he lied about his background worked "-29
".against him

a.the facts are b.because c.when d.the fact that

".Are we the only ones coming?""I asked that Mary……here,too"-30

a.be b.to be c.being d.will be

.How long is the flight?"……..knowledge.it takes about 3 hours"-31

a.to the best of my b.to my

c.in my best d.in best of my

"..………Jane`s daughter is very rude.""you`re right;she has no manners"-32

a.however b.whatsoever c.whenever d.evermore

".Can you wait while I run into the library?""Ok,……..YOU HURRY"-33

a.even though b.as long as c.when d.unless

Before last night,I hadn`t seen Derek in years""Neither had I……..to see "-34

".him,he`s changed

a.it is interesting b.i am interesting

c.he is interested d.it is interested

Do you think the new system will be an improvement?""yes.Costs will"-35

".decrease,……………should increase profits

a.enough which b.therefore c.which d.however

"Did you hear that laura secretly got married?""yes,the news was……..me "-36

a.shocking b.shocked c.shocked to d.shocking to

".What`s the biggest problem in your country?""we have……..of energy"-37

a.a shortage b.the shortage c.shortage d.some shortage

When was the car stolen?""it…….happened this morning because I saw it "-38

".packed in the street late last night

a.shouldn`t have b.had to have c.had d.was to have

I don’t think we`ll need that much cash for trip.""I don’t either,but Sally -39

".suggested………extra just in case

a.to take b.that we will take c.taking d.be taken

".This seems to be an important issue""oh yes.it`s a ………topic"-40

a.hot debated b.hotly debated c.hotly debating d.hotly debate

.Those kids are always…….trouble-41

a.looking up to b.getting into c.finding about d.putting with

His behavior was so………,his coworkers avoided his company-42

a.outrageous b.outcast c.out stretched d.outlined

The increase in illegal drug use has clearly…….to be the rise in crime -43

a.distributed b.contributed c.manipulated d.attributed

.The farmers were pleased by the ………of their crops-44

a.plurality b.redundancy c.ambiguity d.abundance

.The hope of a raise was a powerful……….for Tim to work harder-45

a.incentive b.induction c.revival d.supplement

.Joe was……..when he had to do extra work without pay-46

a.indignant b.inhibited c.incessant d.indelible

.………After much debate we reached a-47

a.manifastation b.consensus c.precision d.cohesion

Mary is compeletly …….with her wedding plans-48

a.enjoined b.appeased b.obsessed d.dispensed

There was great…….about the possibility of war-49

a.apprehension b.coincidence c.profusion d.discrepancy

………I don’t like overcooked vegetables.i prefer them-50

a.humid b.crisp c.skinny d.dense

At first the pan was simple.But then it……..into something compeletely -51

different

a.focused b.evolved c.constructed d.transferred

After the big storm,it was a long time before the…….of normal activities -52

a.revision b.resumption c.retention d.replacement

.Because of new laws,farmers have to…….their use of weed killers -53

a.prevail b.curtail c.hamper d.mitigate

The clerk was……..rude to the poor old woman-54

a.outbound b.upright c.downright d.large-scale

..…I never get enough to eat there because the size of the servings is too -55

a.brittle b.grubby c.meager d.vicious

..…Before Al took the job,he wanted to know how much time it would-56

a.reserve b.entail c.withdraw d.confront

.Its easy to get a library card in New York;everyone is…….to apply-57

a.mandatoray b.legible c.eligible d.contributed

Ihe fil……..a lot of attention-58

a.generated b.manufactured c.promoted c.contributed

.Harold always complains about……..details-59

a.accidental b.pretty c.nominal d.vast

!.………I didn’t like that movie because the storyline seemed-60

a.compulsive b.analogous c.poised d.contrived

..……That little boy is very rude;I find his manners-61

a.intolerable b.pensive c.ostensible d.precarious

.The new employee is……to the company-62

a.an ancestor b.an asset c.a glimmer d.a dispute

.……We want everyone to begin the test-63

a.simultaneously b.unexpectedly c.indefinitely d.continuously

.…… No one has cleaned this place in years.its-64

a.filthy b.extinct c.smitten d.feudal

.The town is…….in the middle of a valley-65

a.sealed b.muzzled c.indulged d.supplanted

..……The student was admitted even though his test scores were-66

a.underscored b.marginal c.qualitative d.successive

……Not mentioning the authors`s name was a serious-67

a.omission b.perception c.perservation d.rotation

.Frank hurt himself doing…….exercise-68

a.paramount b.headlong c.grudging d.stenuous

……The family is selling their large country home because they can no longer afford the -69

a.extract b.domain c.upkeep d.disposal

.With better medicine,we would stop the,,,,,,,of the disease-70

a.proliferation b.suffiusion c.collaboration d.exxhibition

………All the engineers were happy because they finally made-71

a.breakthrough b.an outburst c.a viewpoint d.an otcoume

.Memories of the flood still….. in this town-72

a.suspend b.revive c.deposit d.limger

.……The store at corner has new-73

a.proprietors b.antagonist c.outskirts d.revisions

The teacher hoped to……..a positive,not a negative reply from his student-74

a.respond b.donate c.elicit d.preface

.……Tom never makes mistakes because he does his work so-75

a.meticulously b.superficially c.tactfully d.essentially

After hearing news of attack,the general made plans for an immediate -76

against the enemy……

a.reverberation b.retaliation c.resurrection d.repulsion

.……After the big storm,the beach was covereved with-77

a.extracts b.sprinkles c.debris d.sentiments

..…Peter`s talk did not give an objective viw of the situation but revealed his own -78

a.bias b.disregard c.enmity d.accumulation

.Only a……..of water came out of the firehose-79

a.trickle b.wrinkle c.gasp d.flicker

.They solved a problem that had…….all previous efforts-80

a.defied b.decried c.discarded d.deprived

Reading comprehension questions

Africa`s legendary pygmy elephant maybe the largest unrecognized animal in the world.in the
past couple of years two German zoologist have built a strong case for the existence of six-foot-
fall elephant as a separate species.Zoologist currently accept the existence of only one species of
African elephant.This species,Loxodonta Africana,consists of two subspecies,the 11-foot forest
elephant found in central and western Africa.the pygmy elehant,on the other hand,has been
dismissed as nothing more than a loxodonta juvenile.However,a paer published in the German
Journal of Cologne Zoo details a number of significant skull characteristics that distinguish this
controversial creature from others.Moreover ,pygmy elephants are said to be much more
aggressive than the generally playful loxodonta juveniles.

If pygmy elephants are juveniles,argue the German zoologists,how then can you explains their
fully grown tusks,the puberty of small females,and the presence of entire pygmy herds?in fact,a
set of color slides taken by a former German ambassador to the Congo depicts pygmy elephannts
together with their own juveniles,as well as some other animals,providing an objectives scale.Yet
zoologists remains skeptical."i`m convinced that there are small elephants running around in the
forest"says one elephant expert,"but i`m not certain yet what the explanation is.What we need are
some tissue or blood samples for biochemical analysis."\

.……The author`s purpose in writing this passage was to-81

a.describe loxodonta Africana

b.disprove the German zoologist`s claim

c.present the controversy about pygmy elephants

.d.convine readers that small elephants are in the forest

……The German zoologist believe that pygmy elephants-82

a.are loxodonta Africana b.are not Loxodonta Africana

.c.are juveniles d.are generally playful

?What evidence did the German zoologist use to support their theory -83

a.differences in elephants` skull features

b.general playfulness of Loxodonta

c.repors of aggressive Loxodonta juveniles]d.biochemical analysis of blood and tissue samples

What evidence came from the German ambassador to the Congo?pictures -84

.……Showing pygmy elephants

a.playing with Loxodonta jeveniles

b.attacking Loxodonta juveniles

c.next to savannah and forest elephants

d.with their babies and other animals

?What new evidence would determine the validity of Germans` claim -85

a.photographs of mature and juvenile pygmy elephants

b.fully grown tusks from pygmy elephants

c.biochemical analysis of blood and tissuesamples

d.detailed skull measurements of different elephant species

Geologically,marble is simply limestone that has been recrystallized by heat or

Preassure.it is different colors derive mostly from intermixture with other minerals.since
Michelangelo`s day.Not marble has been more highly prized than stautario of Carra,Italy.it may
or may not be the purest white marble in the world,but the respect in which Carra statuario
outdoes any other marble is its consistency-a scaacitu of off-color veins, and a uniformity of
grain and crystals.within the past decade,decade,however,after ntensive quearring over a span of
more than 2000 years,the known desposits of statuario at Carra have all but played out.

Nowadays,a block of statuario is fought over by sculptors from many countries.

Nevertheless,Carrara`s workmen continue to extract marble-less esteemed than statuario

But still of high-for the artichetectural market.the quarries still bustle as they have since ancient
times:only the techniques have changed.in the days of the Romans,the blocks are separated from
their beds by means of wooden wedges that,soaked with water,expanded and cracked the
rock.From the 12th century through the 19th,the work was still done mostly by hand,with metal
wedgets and hammers.Explosives were tried from 19 th century on,but they tended to shatter and
ruin the rock.By 1895,heliocoidal wire had been invented for cutting the stone.As a coolant and
abrasive,a slurry of quartz sand and waters was fed into cracks where the wire was
cutting;workers grew so skilled at the techniques they could gauge the proper slurry mixture by
sound alone.To minimize breakdown,continuous wire loops as much as a mile in lenghth were
strung across the countryside.Only in the late 1970s did efficient diamond-studded saws come
into use.

?What makes statuartio so valued by sculptors-86

a.it is unusually uniform in color and grain

b.it has a variety of colorful veins

.c.it is recrystallized limestone

.d.it is the kind of marble Michelangelo preferred

?How is marble formed-87

a.Limstone is mixed with other minerals

.b.Geological forces recrystallize limestone

c.Veins,grains,crystals are combined

.d.A slurry is mixed with heated limestone

,,,,,,,,,,,,In Roman times-88

a.wooden b.stone blocks were soaked in water

c.beds expanded the rock d.beds seprated the wedgets

One change that occurred in quarrying techniques in the 12th century was that-89

.…………

a.wooden wedges no longer were soaked with water

b.sand and water slurry was introduced

c.wire cutting techniques were introduced

d.metal wedges replaced wooden ones

?What was one purpose of the slurry-90

a.to mix the water and sand b.to cut the wire in the cracks

c.to cut down the stone d.to reduce the damage from explosives

The idea of transmitting information through light waves is far from new.But only

recently have scientists learned how to manipulate waves of lights to carry tremendous amounts
of information at incredible speeds.An optical fiber system consists of three basics
parts:transmitting equipments that transforms electric signals into light pulses,the optical fiber
itself and receiving gear that acts as a light detector.the fiber is an incredibly thin strand of pure
glass made of silicon or other materials such as germanium.the glass strand has two parts:A
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE(LED)equipment.if the signals have to travel far,they may be
boosted at certain points,just as electronic signals are.Lasers are better for long distances because
their signals travel far without the need for boosting,but LEDs are more reliable and less
expensive.Much research is focused on creating better and less expensive light sources.In that
context,probably the prices of lasrs and LEDs are going to decline at a fast rate.With prices
before much of the nation`s copper cable is replaced by fiber optics.

?What is an important advantage of the optical fiber-91

a.it transmits a great deal of information very quickly

b.It can travel through light waves

c.signals traveling through it donts need to be boosted

d.It is cheaper than lasers or LEDs

?What is the core`s function-92

a.to boost signals b.to transform signals c.to create signals d.to transmit

signals

?What is the function of coating-93

a.to keep the silicon pure b.to detect light

c.to keep the impulses d.to hold bundles of fibers together

…………Lasers are better than LEDs when-94

a.reliability is important b.signals must travel a long way

b.costs must be kept low d.Copper cables is not available

.………,The author of the passage predicts that in the future-95

a.impulses will be able to travel at a faster rate

Copper cable will replace fiber optics

c.the systems will become affordable and wildely used

d.the use of lasers and LEDs will secline

About 30,000 years ago Neanderthal man(Homo neanderthalensisi)disappeared

Displaced by the Cro-Magnon(Homo sapiens sapiens),a taller,slimmer,altogether More
agile and handsome-at least to our eyes-race of people who are thought to have Arisen in
Africa 100,000 years ago,spread to the Near East,and then were drawn to Europe

By the retrating sheets of ice of the last great ice age.Alithough this was an immensely
long times ago,these Cro-Magnon people were indentical to us:they had the same
physique,The same brain,the same looks.And,unlike all previous hominids who ramed
the earth They could choke on food.That might seem a trifilig point,but the slight
evolutionary change that pushed the Cro-Magnon`s larynx deeper into the throat thus
made choking a possibility, also brought with it the possibility of sophisticated, well-
articulated speech.

Other mammals have no points of contact between their airways and their esophagi. They
can breathe and swallow at the same time, and there is no possibility of food getting into
the wrong passage. But in Homo sapiens, food and drink must pass over the larynx and
thus there is a constant risk that some will be inadvertently inhaled. In modern humans,
the lowered larynx isn’t in position at birth.it descends sometime between the ages of
three and five months. This descended larynx explains why you can speak and your dog
cannot. Neanderthals were physiologically precluded from uttering certain basics sound.
Their speech, if it existed at all, would have been nasal sounding and fairly imprecise and
that would no doubt no doubt have greatly impeded their development

………According to the passage, the Neanderthals-96

a.displaced the Cro-Magnons

b.spread to Near East and then to Europe

c.could make certain basics sounds

d.were less like modern humans than Cro-Magnons were

………According to the author,the possibility of choking-97

a.also made speech possible

b.was a trifling point

c.occured only in Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon people

d.Was common to al hominids

.……The author implies that clear speech-98

caused hominids to spread out from Africa.1

b.is directly related to brains capacity

c.contributed to hominid developments

d.is common to all hominids

..……One reason why a dog can't speak is that-99

a.its larynx is too hight

b.its larynx is too low

c.it can't breathe and esophagus is in contact with each other

..……Homo sapiens were the first hominids-100

a.with a larynx

b.who could breathe and swallow at the same time

c.with no contact between their airways and esophagi

d.With the physical capacity to speak clearly

 Appendix B

Lesson plan

Course: Academic Writing

Level: Intermediate

Goal: At the end of the course, the students will be able to write essay using an information
report text-type.

Objective: At the end of the course, the students will be able to: Identify the generic structures
of an information report text-type, Identify the grammatical features of the information report
text type, and Write an essay using the information report text-type with a Comparison-contrast
pattern.

Topic: Tourist Objects

Time: - Meeting 1: 1 X 90

- Meeting 2: 1 X 120

Venue: Computer Laboratory

Procedures

Firstly, the teacher informs the activities students will carry out, introduces the type of the essay
the students will write, and the CALL resources the students will use.

A. Writing with Class (Time: 90’)

Stage 1: Building knowledge of field (Time: 35’)

a) Ask students to name some famous domestic tourist objects, which they already know

b) Give the students brochures about two domestic tourist objects

c) Have the students read the brochures provided by the teacher

d) Ask the students to select one of the domestic tourist objects in which the students in groups
are interested

e) Get the students to browse and read about the tourist object chosen to get more information
about it on the Internet

f) Have them identify the location of the tourist object chosen, its uniqueness, its facilities
offered, and so on to exploit the text

g) Ask the students to list their text investigation

h) Have them to have a conference to present their investigation using the LCD Projector to
share with other groups

i) Show two short videos about The Borobudur Temple located in Yogyakarta and The Taman
Mini Indonesia Indah (The Indonesia’s Miniature Park) situated in Jakarta to activate the
students’ experience and provide input about tourist objects as a whole.

Stage 2: Exploring the genre & Conferencing (Time: 30’)

a) Display the texts about The Borobudur Temple and The Taman Mini Indonesia Indah in turn
on the screen

b) Ask the students to read the whole texts

c) Ask the students to identify what information is provided in the texts using the Graphic
organizers 1 and 2 provided

d) Ask the students the following questions about:

What the text-type is used in the texts?

What is the purpose of the texts?

Who is the reader of the texts? and

How do you find such texts?

e) Clarify the students’ answers about the questions above

f) Ask them to identify the generic structures of the text

g) Have them identify grammatical features (that is, tense/modal, passive/active Voices, simple/
compound/complex sentences, independent/dependent clauses,

Etc.) Employed in the texts

h) Ask the students to have a conference about their investigations about the generic Structures
and grammatical features found in the text

i) Get the students to type the generic structures and grammatical features discussed and to save
their notes in their own folders

j) Let the students have some questions about the generic structures of the text-type and the
grammatical structures used in the texts to allow the students to consult their problems in
grasping the texts as a whole

Stage 3: Joint text construction (Time: 25’)

a) Ask the students to write a text together on the screen. In this case, the teacher and students
write an essay using a comparison-contrast pattern about the two domestic tourist objects chosen

b) Guide the students using some leading questions and the graphic organizer 3 provided

c) Write some ideas into an essay

d) Look carefully at the ideas, organization, and grammatical features as a whole

e) Get the students to read the text and ask them to learn some important features of the text

B. Writing Cooperatively (Time: 120’)

Stage 4: Building knowledge of a similar field (Time: 15’)

a) Ask the students to select two of the brochures or any information domestic tourist objects that
they need to use as the materials for cooperative writing. The information could be derived from
on line sources or the brochures.
b) Have them identify the location of the tourist objects chosen, their uniqueness, their facilities
offered, and so on to exploit the texts

c) Get the students to outline some important information using the graphic organizer for essay
outlining provided to be developed into an essay (see page 23).

Stage 5: Drafting, revising, & conferencing (Time: 95’)

a) Get the students to develop their outline into a completed essay using an information report
text-type by comparing and contrasting two domestic tourists' objects chosen cooperatively using
a user-friendly computer programme (that is, Microsoft Office Word).

b) Ask the students to revise their own essays before the essay conference activity

c) After revising, have the students prepare a student-student conference.

d) After the conference, ask the students to have teacher-student conference.

e) Get the students to rework their essay on basis of the conference activity done

Stage 6: Editing & publishing (Time: 10’)

a) Have the students check minor mistakes related to grammar, spelling, punctuation, diction and
the like.

b) Ask the students to submit their revised essays by email to the teacher to upload their work to
a school’s website outside the classroom.

Teaching Materials and Aids

- Handouts

- Brochures

- Videos + Cassettes

- Computers

- LCD + Screen
Assessment and Evaluation

The students’ essay will analytically be assessed, and the evaluation of the course will be carried
out using the criteria below.

- The students’ strengths and weaknesses in academic essay writing

- Teacher-Student Interaction

- Student-Student Interaction

- Teaching Materials

- Teaching Assessment Instruments

SAMPLE TEACHING MATERIALS

A. WRITING TASK FOR JOINT TEXT CONSTRUCTION

Read the following instructions carefully.

Instructions:

1. Read the two texts about the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah and the Borobudur Temple below,

2. Identify what information you get from the texts,

3. List it using the graphic organizers 1 and 2 provided, and

4. Compare and contrast the information from the two texts using the graphic Organizer 3 given.
 The Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII)

Nitra, the mascot of TMII

The Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) or Indonesia’s Miniature Park is a culture-based
recreational area, which is located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. It has an area of about 250 acres.
This original idea of the park came from the second Indonesian president, Soeharto’s wife, Siti
Hartinah or best-known as Tien Suharto. The park shows a diversity of cultures, tribes, and
languages spreading on 13,000 islands in Indonesia. TMII is a synopsis of Indonesian culture,
representing all aspects of daily lives in Indonesia's 26 provinces encapsulated in separate
pavilions with the collections of architectures, clothes, woodcarvings, sculptures, dances, and
traditions. There are 26 traditional houses, which are similar to the real ones, from different
provinces. In each house, there are collections of native cultures, crafts, sculptures, dances, and
clothes. These houses are situated around the main lake, which represent a smaller version of
Indonesia’s main islands, such as Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands,
Maluku, and Papua. Besides, at TMII, there are 5 gardens and 5 parks that are located on the
north and northeast sides of the main lake. Among them are Anggek Garden (more than 150
varieties of orchids are grown), Apotek Hidup Garden (about 400 herbal crops are cultivated),
Cokot Park (displaying Cokot woodcarvings), Cactus Garden (varieties of cacti are cultivated),
Melati Garden (different varieties of jasmines are grown), Bunga Keong Emas Garden (Keong
Emas/Golden Snail flowers are grown), Akuarium Air Tawar Garden (a large fresh water
aquarium is built), Bekisar Park (Bekisar birds are bred), Burung Park (about 1,300 kinds of
birds are preserved), and Prasasti APEC Park (Inscriptions of Wives of the Presidents from
APEC countries who visited TMII).

TMII also offers museum attractions, including: Indonesia Museum (displaying a richly
decorated building in Balinese architecture, which houses contemporary arts, crafts, and
traditional costumes from the different regions of the country),Keprajuritan Museum (exhibiting
Indonesia’s Heroes for Independence), Perangko Indonesia Museum (exhibiting Indonesian
stamps), Pusaka Museum (displaying traditional weapons), Transportasi Museum (showing
kinds of transportation), Listrik & Energi Baru Museum (displaying new energy and electrical
power),Telekomunikasi Museum (showing kinds of telecommunications), Penerangan Museum
(displaying development of information and science), Olahraga Museum (showing kinds of
sports), Asmat Museum (exhibiting Asmat’s woodcrafts and sculptures), Komodo Museum
(exhibiting a species of Komodo Dragon), Serangga Museum (displaying insectarium), Research
& Technology Information Centre, and Minyak & Gas Bumi Museum (showing a petroleum
building).

At TMII, there are also 85 cable cars (vehicles for seeing the whole scenery of the Park), theaters
called Imax Keong Emas and Tanah Airku (showing beautiful Indonesia panorama films in a
three-dimensional IMAX screen in 30 minutes), Angsa Arispel Indonesia (paddle boats), among
Putro and Renang Ambar Tirta Parks along with a swimming pool and restaurants, and Desa
Wisata (serviced accommodations). There are six worship places built at TMII representing five
religions that the Indonesians believe, such as one mosque called Masjid P. Diponegoro, two
churches: Gereja Katholik Santa Catherina and Gereja Kristen Haleluya, and three Hindus and
Buddhist temples: Pura Penataran Agung Kertha Bumi, Wihara Arya Dwipa Arama,and Sasana
Adirasa Pang. Samber Nyawa. Other TMII facilities include Tugu Api Pancasila, Baluwerti
Relief Perjuangan Bangsa, Jam Bunga, Miniatur Candi Borobudur, Sasono Adiguno, Sasono
Manganti, Sasono Langen Budoyo, Sasono Utomo, Sasana Kriya,Sanggar Krida Wanita Jaya
Raya, Monumen KTT, and Peragaan Kayu. All of the attractions offered make TMII one of the
most popular tourist destinations in the city. Visitors can see the whole picture of Indonesia in
one day.

(Adapted from www.tamanmini.com)

TEXT 2

The Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is the biggest Buddhist temple measuring 123 x 123 meters. It is one of the greatest
wonders in the world. It is thought to have been built between the end of the seventh and
beginning of the eighth century A.D. For about a century and a half, it was the spiritual centre of
Buddhism on Java. This temple was built in the eight century by the Cailendra Dynasty.
The temple is located in Muntilan, Magellan, and Central Java southeast of Semarang or
northwest of Yogyakarta.It stands majestically on a hill overlooking lush green Fields and distant
hills. Borobudur is made of grey andesite stone. It rises in seven terraces, each smaller than the
one below it. The top is the Great Stupa, standing 40 meters above the ground. The walls of the
Borobudur are sculpted in bas-relief, a total length of six kilometres. The structure of the temple,
composed of 55,000 square meters of lava-rock, is erected on a hill in the form of a stepped-
pyramid of six rectangular storeys, three circular terraces, and a central stupa forming the
summit. The whole structure is in the form of a lotus, the sacred flower of Buddha.

At the Borobudur Temple, there is Taman Wisata Borobudur, the Archaeological Park, which is
an open area. Among the facilities built in the Park are Borobudur Study Centre, Archaeological
Gallery, Information Centre where backdated photos of the temple could be viewed along with
the restoration history, and Stone Conservation Centre (Karmawibhangga Museum— displaying
stone samples taken from the temple for recording and restoration purposes). In the Park, a
variety of plants are grown, including coconut trees, bodhi trees (Ficus religiosa, the tree that
holds a great significance to Buddha followers), chempaka (Michelia champaca), tanjung
(Mimisops elengei), kemuning (Murraya paniculate), and kenanga (Cananga odorat). At the
Park, there is also a gallery offering a cultural heritage show of collections of about 2,672 reliefs.

Since many visitors come to the temple, the Park Management provides logistics and
transportation facilities. There is a parking lot that can hold close to 500 cars and motorcycles,
and there is a separate space for tourist buses, vans, and trucks. There are also 87 souvenir
kiosks, with zigzag pathways to take across. A large parking area is available not far from the
temple, so private cars and buses could be parked in this area. On a special occasion when the
Buddhist festival of Waisak in May is held, visitors should take becak or horse cart or walk to
reach the temple.In short, due to Borobudur Temple’s historical and richly architectural heritage,
it is no wonder that millions of people are eager to visit this world’s most famous wonder to
enjoy cultural tourist attractions and its facilities.

(Adapted from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur)

B. GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS FOR INFORMATION AND ESSAY OUTLINING
Graphic Organizer 1 for Text 1: The Taman Mini Indonesia Indah

Write some main points that you read from Text 1

Information collected

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

Paragraph 6

Paragraph 7

Paragraph 8

Paragraph 9
 2. Graphic Organizer 2 for Text 2: The Borobudur Temple
Write some main points that you read from Text 2

Information collected

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

Paragraph 6

Paragraph 7

Paragraph 8

Paragraph 9
3. Graphic Organizer 3 for Essay Outlining: A Comparison-Contrast Pattern
PURPOSE

AUDIENCE

ORGANIZATION

General Information

Thesis Statement

Compare the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah and the Borobudur Temple
How alike?
 Contrast the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) with the Borobudur Temple
(BT)
How different?

The TMII With regard to The BT

Conclusion

C. TYPICAL CONNECTORS FOR A COMPARISON-CONTRAST PATTERN

ESSAY

Word/Sentence Connectors Comparison Contrast

like…; similar to; unlike…; dissimilar to;
Pair Word Conjunction the same…as… different from
And But; yet
Coordinate Conjunction
Correlative Conjunction Both…and…;
not only…but also…
Conjunctive Adverb likewise; similarly however; nonetheless

Transition Expression in the same way; on contrary; in contrast to;

in like manner; by contrast; on the other
hand
Comparative Pairs as…as…; more-/-er as not…as…; more-/-er
than…; than…; less…than…;
less…than…;
Sub-coordinating while, whereas, although,
Conjunction even though, though
D. OTHER CONNECTORS (TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS) FOR CONNECTING
SENTENCES

1. Showing a conclusion

Briefly in short to summarize

in brief shortly
in conclusion to conclude
in other words to sum up

2. Indicating generalization

as a rule/a general rule generally speaking

broadly speaking in general/ a general sense
commonly normally/frequently

3. Expressing illustrations/facts/examples

Actually for example in fact

as a matter of fact for instance

4. Indicating an augmentation

Besides furthermore moreover

Further in addition (to this)

E. WRITING TASK FOR COOPERATIVE WRITING

Read the following instructions carefully.
1. Write an essay using an information text-type with a comparison-contrast Pattern as we did in
the joint text construction.

2. Your essay topic is on tourist objects. You need to choose two tourist objects.

3. You may browse any information on the Internet for the two tourist objects chosen.
4. Outline your ideas using the essay outlining below.

5. Develop your ideas outlined into an essay. You may use some connectors provided (See
Sections C and D) to connect your ideas to achieve cohesive Purposes.

ESSAY OUTLINING

General Information

Thesis Statement

Compare Tourist Object 1 and Tourist Object 2

How alike?

Contrast Tourist Object 1 and Tourist Object 2 How different?

Tourist Object 1 With regard to Tourist Object 2

 Conclusion

SAMPLE GUIDELINE FOR PEER ESSAY OUTLINE REVIEW

A Guideline for Peer Essay Outline Review

Planners: ___________________________

Reviewers: _________________________

Topic: _____________________________

Type of Essay: ______________________

1. Rate the outline you have reviewed. Check your rating.

Points Need to Improve Average Good

1. General
Information
2. Thesis

3. Body

4. Concluding
Paragraph

2. Is the outline written in a good and parallel order?

3. Are main supporting ideas clear?

4. Are main supporting ideas sufficient?

5. General Comments
SAMPLE GUIDELINE FOR PEER WRITING REVIEW

A Guideline for Peer Writing Review Form

Does the essay consist of?

Points Yes No
1. General Information
2. Thesis
3. Body
4. Concluding Paragraph

Content

1. Is general information interesting and readable?

Comments:

2. Is the thesis clear?

Comments:

3. Does the body develop the thesis?

Comments:

4. Does the concluding paragraph summarize the body?

Comments:

Unity & Coherence

1. Do all of the supporting sentences develop main ideas in each paragraph?

 2. Are there transitional signals (phrases or sentences) connecting sentences or paragraphs?

3. Are the ideas arranged in logical order?

Grammar
1. Are there any mistakes in tenses? 2. Are there any mistakes in modals?

3. Are there any mistakes in agreement? 4. Are there any other grammatical
mistakes? Please specify.
Vocabulary
1. Is word choice appropriate? 2. Is word choice reader friendly?

3. SAMPLE DESCRIPTORS OF RATING SCALE FOR A

WRITING MARKING SCHEME

Remarks Descriptors
Excellent Content: Very clear and substantive understanding of the topic given
in terms of
the length/scope of the essay, well-developed, thoughtfully and
thoroughly supported,
very reasonably and relevantly-presented, excellent awareness of
audience and purpose
Organization of Ideas: A very convincing and clear thesis statement,
very
coherent and well-organized in an introduction, development, and a
conclusion
with excellent use of cohesive devices (paragraphs at the essay level;
sentences at
the paragraph level), very appropriate and logical structure both within
the essay as
a whole and within the paragraph, excellent main ideas at the paragraph
level, very
well-informed
Language: Excellent command of English, excellent control of
language usage,
very frequent use of excellent complex and compound sentences without
any
errors, impressive range of appropriate vocabulary and idiomatic
language
Mechanics: Excellent control of punctuations and spellings
 Style: Evident stylistic control and display of impressive creativity
and flair as
well as originality throughout the essay
Good Content: Clear and substantial understanding of the topic given in
terms of the
length/scope of the essay, well-developed, thoughtfully and thoroughly-
supported,
reasonably and relevantly-presented, good awareness of audience and
purpose
Organization of Ideas: A convincing and clear thesis statement,
coherent and
well-organized in an introduction, development, and a conclusion with
good use of
cohesive devices (paragraphs at the essay level; sentences at the
paragraph level),
appropriate and logical structure both within the essay as a whole and
within the
paragraph, good main ideas at the paragraph level, well-informed
Language: Good command of English, good control of language
usage, frequent
use of good complex and compound sentences with insignificant errors,
good range
of appropriate vocabulary and idiomatic language
Mechanics: Good control of punctuations and spellings
Style: Good stylistic control and display of creativity and flair as well
as
originality throughout the essay
Fair Content: Fairly clear and substantive understanding of the topic
given in terms of
the length/scope of the essay, sufficiently-developed, satisfactorily-
supported and
presented, satisfactory awareness of audience and purpose
Organization of Ideas: A fairly convincing and clear thesis
statement, coherent
and satisfactorily-organized in an introduction, development, and a
conclusion with
satisfactory use of cohesive devices (paragraphs at the essay level;
sentences at the
paragraph level), fairly appropriate and logical structure both within the
essay as a
whole and within the paragraph, satisfactory main ideas at the paragraph
level,
fairly-informed
Language: Satisfactory command of English, satisfactory control of
language
usage, fairly frequent use of satisfactory complex and compound
 sentences with a
few errors, a satisfactory range of appropriate vocabulary and idiomatic
language
Mechanics: Excellent control of punctuations and spellings
Mechanics: Fair control of punctuations and spellings
Style: Satisfactory stylistic control and display of creativity and flair
as well as
originality throughout the essay
Poor Content: Poor understanding of the topic given in terms of the
length/scope of the
essay, occasionally irrelevant and poorly-developed as well as supported,
dissatisfactory-presented, poor awareness of audience and purpose
Organization of Ideas: A barely convincing and less clear thesis
statement, less
coherent and poorly-organized in an introduction, development, and a
conclusion
with poor use of cohesive devices (paragraphs at the essay level;
sentences at the
paragraph level), less appropriate and logical structure both within the
essay as a
whole and within the paragraph, poor main ideas at the paragraph level,
poorly informed
Language: Poor command of English, poor control of language usage,
frequent
use of poor complex and compound sentences with many errors, poor
range of
appropriate vocabulary and idiomatic language
Mechanics: Poor control of punctuations and spellings
Style: Poor stylistic control and display of creativity and flair as well
as originality
throughout the essay

Very Content: Barely clear understanding of the topic given in terms of the
Poor length/scope
of the essay, irrelevant and lack of logic, little/no evidence of ability to
generate
ideas, little/no attempts to address appropriate audience and purpose
Organization of Ideas: A unclear thesis statement, incoherent and
pointless in an
introduction, development, and a conclusion without use of cohesive
devices
(paragraphs at the essay level; sentences at the paragraph level),
inappropriate and
illogical structure both within the essay as a whole and within the
paragraph, no
main ideas at the paragraph level
Language: Very poor command of English, very dissatisfactory
control of
language usage, very frequent use of very poor simple and compound
sentences
with numerous errors, a very considerable range of inappropriate
vocabulary and
idiomatic language
Mechanics: Very poor control of punctuations and spellings
Style: Hardly any stylistic control and display of creativity and flair
as well as
originality throughout the essay
 Appendix C

Criterion-referenced analysis sheet

Part C Category Descriptor Maximum Comment

score
Organization Overall Is all the 10 Start with 10
organization information/ and delete
(macro commentary in 2 points for
patterning) the each
correct sections sentence
of the Inappropriately
Template? placed.
Internal If there is more 12 Add 3 points
Organization than one (to a
paragraph maximum of
within each 12 points)
section of the for each
template, correctly
are the sequenced
paragraphs paragraph
Appropriately within each
sequenced? section of
the template
(where
there are more
than
One).

Coherence Does each 15 Start with 15

paragraph (or and delete
sequence of 2 3 points for
paragraphs) each
have an (maximum
appropriate deletion =
topic 15 points).
Sentence?
 Within each 15 Start with
paragraph, 15and delete
are the ideas 3 points for
Appropriately each
organized? inappropriately
located
idea (maximum
Deletion = 15
points).
Language Cohesion Are the 24 Add 3 for each
discourse one
relational Used correctly.
signals (e.g. Delete 3 for
because, if, each used
however, but used
firstly) inappropriately
included where or
necessary and Incorrectly.
used
Appropriately?
Language How many of
features the
language
features (apart
from cohesive
devices
signaling Add 3 for each
relations) that 24 one
were taught for Used correctly.
this type Delete 3 for
of genre are each used
included and but used
used correctly inappropriately
or
Incorrectly.

Total 100