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LSSTI - Maranding

COPYRIGHT BY THE SCHOOL

All right reserve. No part of this module may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including copying, recording, storage in any informational retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the LSSTI administration.
Any unauthorized photocopy, reproduction of any portion of this module shall be prosecuted under Republic
Act No. 8293 or “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”
This module shall be used only by the students of LSSTI, College of Criminology as we adopt the new “NEW
NORMAL” in the Philippine Educational System.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

As mandated by Republic Act 1425, this course the life and works the country’s national hero, Jose Rizal. Among
topics covered are Rizal’s biography and his writings, particularly the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
some of his essays, and various correspondences

INTRODUCTION

Decades of traditional approach to teaching have generally elicited poor interest from the students, particularly from
the dynamic and the ever-active Generation Z. The Rizal course has been considered as among the boring classes
students are compelled to take in college.

It is this impasse that the Life and Works of Rizal would like to address. This module deals with Rizal’s travels,
his ever colourful love life, his interesting collegiate years, and his encounters with different personalities that helped
shape his character as national hero.

More so, the Life and Works of Rizal is courseware-ready and follows the outcome-based format. Instead of the
traditional text heavy books on the Rizal course, this module offers variety of worksheets and activities that will
surely catch the interest of the new generation of students.
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Life and Works of Rizal

LESSON no. 1
Chapter 1 ADVENT OF NATIONAL HERO

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

TOPIC 1

Rizal and His Times

The World of Rizal’s Time

Chapter 1 Advent of National Hero

The Birth of a Hero

TOPIC 2

Rizal’s Parents

The Mercado Children

The Surname Rizal

Rizal’s Home

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1  Know the background of Rizal and his time;

 Identify the world of Rizal’s Time and
 Know the details about Rizal as an advent of
National Hero including his birth

Lesson 2  Identify Rizal’s Parents

 Identify Mercado Children
 Know the Surname of Rizal
 Describe Rizal’s Home
Expected Learning Outcome:

To do well in this lesson, you need to demonstrate understanding of:

a. Rizal’s Family background;

b. Rizal as an Advent of a National Hero
c. The World of Rizal’s Time

Prepared by:

Eva Mae A. Camagong,LPT

INSTRUCTOR
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LESSON 1

RIZAL AND HIS TIME

To appreciate and understand the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, it is necessary to know the historical background of the world
and of the Philippines during his times. The 19thcentury when he lived was a century of ferment caused by the
blowing winds of history. In Asia, Europe, and the Americas, events surged inexorably like sea tides, significantly
affecting the lives and fortunes of mankind.

The Jose Rizal Law, also known as Republic Act 1425, was approved on June 12, 1956, and published in the Official
Gazette of the Philippines in the same month.

The World of Rizal’s Times

February 19, 1861

- Four months before Rizal’s birth in Calamba, the liberal Czar Alexander II (1855-1881), to appease the rising
discontent of the Russian masses, issued a proclamation emancipating 22,500,000 serfs.

June 19, 1861

- When Rizal was born the American Civil War (1861-1865) was raging furiously in the United States over the
issue of Negro slavery.

September 22, 1863

- The titanic conflict which erupted on April 12, 1861, compelled President Lincoln to issue his famous
Emancipation Proclamation on freeing the Negro slaves.

Chapter1

Advent of a National Hero

Dr. Jose Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored genius who became the greatest hero of a nation. Endowed
by God with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the world’s geniuses. He was a physician (ophthalmic surgeon), poet,
dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor, educator, linguist, musician, naturalist,
ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer businessman, economist, geographer, cartographer, bibliophile, philologist,
grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveler,
and prophet. Above and beyond all these, he was a hero and political martyr who consecrated his life for the
redemption of his oppressed people.

The Birth of a Hero

June 19, 1861

- Jose Rizal was born on the moonlight of Wednesday in the lakeshore town Calamba, Laguna Province,
Philippines.
- His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head.
- “Jose” was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (Saint Joseph).

June 22, 1861

- Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church when he was 3 days old by the parish priest, Fr. RufinoCollantes,
who was a Batangueño.

Farther Pedro Casanas

- God father of Rizal, a native of Calamba and a close friend of Mercado family.

Lieutenant – General Jose Lemery

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- Former senator of Spain (member of upper chamber of the Spanish Cortes). He governed the Philippines
from February 2, 1861 to July 7, 1862.

LESSON 2

Rizal’s Parents

Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

- Was born in Biñan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818

- Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
- Became a tenant – farmer of the Dominican – owned hacienda.
- A hardy and independent – minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was a strong in body and
valiant spirit.
- He died in Manila on January 5, 1898, at the age of 80.
- A model of fathers in the memoirs of Rizal

Teodora Alonso Realonda

- Was born in Manila on November 8, 1826

- Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well - known college for girls in the city.
- A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and a fortitude of Spartan
women.
- Died on Manila on August 16, 1911, at the age of 85.

The Mercado Children

Francisco and Teodora was blessed with eleven children – two boys and nine girls. These children were as follows:

1. Saturnina (1850-1913) – oldest of the Rizal children, nicknamed Neneng; she married Manuel T. Hidalgo
2. Paciano(1851 – 1930) – older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal; after his younger brother’s execution,
he joined the Philippine Revolution and become a combat general; after the Revolution, he retired to his
farm in Los Baños, where he lived as a gentleman farmer and died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor
aged 79.
3. Narcisa(1852-1939) – her pet name was Sisa and she married Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio
Lopez), a school teacher of Morong
4. Olimpia (1855-1887) – Ypia was her pet name; she married SilvesterUbaldo, a telegraph operator from
Manila
5. Lucia(1857-1919) – She married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas.
Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother – in – law of
Dr. Rizal
6. Maria(1859-1945) – Biang was her nickname; she married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
7. Jose(1861-1896) – the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius; his nickname was Pepe; during his exile
in dapitan he lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong-Kong; he had a son by her, but his baby –
boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father and buried him in dapitan.
8. Concepcion(1862-1865) – her pet name was con-cha; she died of sickness at the age of 3; her death was
the first sorrow of Jose.
9. Josefa(1865-1945) – her pet name was Panggoy; she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83.
10. Trinidad (1868-1951) Trining was her pet name; she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83.
11. Soledad(1870-1929) – youngest of the Rizal children; her pet name was Choleng; she married Pantaleon
Quintero of Calamba.
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The Surname Rizal

The real surname of Rizal was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-
great-grandfather of Rizal), who was a full-blooded Chinese. Rizal acquired a second surname – Rizal- which
was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend.

Rizal’s Home

- describe by Dr. Rafael Palma, one of Rizal’s prestigious biographers

- It was a two-storey stone house building in a rectangular shape, built in adobe stones and hard woodBehind
the house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of tropical fruit tress – atis,
balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc.

Pricipalia – a good and middle – class family

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Life and Works of Rizal

LESSON no. 2
Chapter 2 CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2

Calamba The Story of the Moth

Earliest Childhood Memories Artistic Talents

The First Sorrow of Rizal To My Fellow Children (Sa Aking Mga Kababata)

Devoted Son of the Church Rizal As Boy Magician

Pilgrimage to Antipolo Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 -Identify the place Calamba geographically;

-Know Rizal’s Early Chilhood memories;

-Know the events happened in Rizal’s First Sorrow

-Articulate why Rizal was consider as devoted son

of the church; and

-Know the reason behind pilgrimage to Antipolo

Lesson 2 -Know about the story of the Moth;

-Identify Rizal’s artistic talents;

-Articulate the poem to my Fellow Children

-Know Rizal as a Boy Magician

-Identify varied influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

Expected Learning Outcome:

To do well in this lesson. you need to demonstrate understanding of:

a. The events during Rizal’s childhood years in Calamba;

b. The facts about Rizal’s poem; and
c. The vital points of Rizal’s talents and boyhood

Prepared by:
Eva Mae A. Camagong,LPT
INSTRUCTOR
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LESSON 1
Chapter 2

CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

Jose had many beautiful memories of childhood in his native town. He grew up in a happy home, ruled by good
parents, bubbling with joy, and sanctified by God’s blessing. His natal town of Calamba, so named after a big jar,
was a fitting cradle for a hero.

Calamba

- Province of Laguna
- A hacienda town belong to the Dominican Order
- Nestling on verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar – lands
- A few kilometers to the south looms the legendary Mt. Makiling

1876

- When he was 15 years old and was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved town.
Accordingly, he wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)

Earliest Childhood Memories

- The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was three years
old.

The First Sorrow of Rizal

- Of his sisters, Jose loved most the little Concha (Concepcion). He was a year older than Concha. He played
with her and from her he learned the sweetness of sisterly love.
- Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in 1865 when he was only three years old. Jose, who was very fond of
her, cried bitterly at losing her

Devoted Son of the Church

- A scion of a Catholic clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an
inborn pious spirit, Rizal grew up a good Catholic
- When he was 5 years old, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family Bible.
- He was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos and Hermana Terceras.

Father Leoncio Lopez

- Rizal esteemed and respected in Calamba

- The town Priest

Pilgrimage to Antipolo

June 6, 1868

- Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mother’s vow which
was made when Jose was born.
- He and his father rode in a casco (barge)

La Concordia College in Santa Ana

- Where Saturnina studying

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LESSON 2

The Story of the Moth

- Of the stories told by Doña Teodora to he favorite son, Jose, that of the young moth made the profoundest
impression on him.

Artistic Talents

- Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talent for art. At the age of five, he began to make
sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects which attracted his fancy.

Usman – Rizal’s black dog

To My Fellow Children (Sa Aking Mga Kababata)

- The first poem of Rizal

Rizal as Boy Magician

- Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in magic. With his dexterous hands, he learned various trick,
such as making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers and making handkerchief vanish in thin air.

Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

1. Hereditary
- Malayan ancestors Rizal inherit his love for freedom
- Chinese ancestors he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children
- Spanish ancestor he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies
- From his father he inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love to work, and the habit of independent
thinking
- From his mother he inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, and the passion for arts and
literature.
2. Environmental Influence
- Tio Jose Alberto
 who had studied for eleven years in a British school in Calcutta, India, and had traveled in Europe
inspired him to develop his artistic ability
- Tio Manuel
 a husky and athletic man, encouraged him to develop his frail body by means of physical exercise,
including horse riding, walking, and wrestling
- Tio Gregorio
 a book lover, intensified his voracious reading of good books.
- Father Leoncio Lopez
 Fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty
3. Aid of Divine Providence
- Rizal was providentially destined to be the pride and glory of his nation
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Life and Works of Rizal

LESSON no.3
LESSONS AND COVERAGE

TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2

Chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan Chapter 4

-Early Education in Calamba and Biñan Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila

-Hero’s First Teacher Rizal Enters Ateneo

-3 Non- Formal Teacher of Rizal Jesuit System of Education

Jose Goes to BiñanTwo Groups of Student

First Day in Biñan School Extra Curricular Activities in Ateneo

Rizal’s Classmate First Romance of Rizal

First School Brawl

Painting Lessons in Biñan

Injustice to Hero’s Mother

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

Lesson 1 -generalizes the events of Rizal’s early education in Calamba and Biñan;

-discover some of Rizal’s talents and personality;

-identify the people involved in Rizal’s life during his stay in Calamba and Biñan;
and

-Summarizes the events that happened during these times.

Lesson 2 -Recognize Rizal’s Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila;

-Describe Jesuit system of education;

-Differentiate the two groups of student;

-List Rizal’s extra-curricular activities; and

-Describe Rizal’s First romance

Expected Learning Outcome:

To do well in this lesson, you need to demonstrate understanding of:

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A. The significant events that happened to Rizal during his stay in Calamba and Biñan;
B. the martyrdom of GOMBURZA and;
C. The Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila

Prepared by:
Eva Mae A. Camagong,LPT
INSTRUCTOR

LESSON 1

Chapter 3

Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

“This is the town where my Father first saw the light of day, and where he sent me to continue studying the
rudiments of Latin, which I started to learn.”

-Jose Rizal

Hero’s First Teacher

Dona Teodora Alonzo Realonda

- Jose Rizal’s mother and his 1st non- formal teacher
-At 3 years old he learned the alphabet and prayers
3 Non- Formal Teacher of Rizal

(1) Maestro Celestino- first private tutor

(2) Maestro Lucas Padua- second private tutor
(3) Maestro Leon Monroy- a classmate of Don Francisco Mercado Rizal
 became Rizal’s tutor in Spanish and Latin
 he died 5 months later

Then after Leon Monroy’s death Rizal was sent to Biñan.

Jose Goes To Biñan

June 1869- Rizal goes to Binan with his brother Paciano

Carromata- the mode of Transportation at Binan, Rizal lodged to his Aunt’s house together with his cousin Leandro

First Day in Biñan School

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz- formal teacher

Rizal’s Classmates
Pedro (teacher’s son)
Andres Salandanan
Jose Guevarra

First School Brawl

Pedro- wrestling
Andres Salandanan- arm wrestling

Painting Lessons in Binan

Old Juancho- a painter who gave free lessons in painting and sculpture of Rizal and Jose Guevarra
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Rizal became the best student in Binan

December 17, 1870- Rizal left Binan with steamer Talim
Arturo Camps- A French friend of Rizal’s father who is with him way back to Calamba

Injustice to Hero’s Mother

Doña Teodora- was arrested on a malicious charge that she aided his brother Jose Albertoin trying to poison his wife.
Jose Alberto’s Wife- had a relationship with the lieutenant of the GUARDIA CIVIL
Antonio Vivencio del Rosario- gobernador cillo
Santa Cruz- capital of Laguna province where Dona Teodora was jailed
Royal Audencia- supreme court

Don Francisco de Marcaida and Don Manuel Manzano

- prominent barristers of Manila

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

January 20, 1872- Cavite mutiny flared up followed by the execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Father Jose Burgos
and Father Jacinto Zamora

El Filibusterismo

Novel dedicated to GOMBURZA; it was published in GHENT during 1891.

LESSON 2

Chapter IV

SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DEMANILA (1872- 1877)

“Hold high the brow, serene, O youth, when now you stand; Let the bright sheen of your grace be seen, Fair hope of
my Fatherland!”.

-Jose Rizal

San Juan de Letran- Dominican- owned college and a rival of Ateneo de Manila

Ateneo Municipal- formerly known as Escuela Pia, a charity school for poor boys in Manila which was established by
1817 and later became Ateneo de Manila.

Rizal took and passed the examination in College of San Juan de Letran but he enrolled in Ateneo when he came
back to Manila.
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RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO

Father Magin Ferrando (College Registrar)- refused to admit Jose Rizal;

 he was late for registration

 he was sickly and undersized for his age

Manuel Xerez Burgos- nephew of Father Burgos; Rizal was admitted to Ateneo because of him

Rizal- surname used by Jose Rizal because Mercado became under suspicion by the Spanish authorities.

Mercado- surname used by Paciano

TITAY- to settle the bill owed by Titay by about Php 300.00

JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Reasons why Jesuit System was advance than other college

 It trained the character of students by rigid discipline and religious instruction.

 It promotes physical culture, humanities and scientific studies.
 Aside from academic courses leading to AB, it offers vocational course in agriculture, commerce, mechanics
and surveying.
 They were given splendid professors.
 They acquired prestige as an excellent college for boys.

TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT

Roman Empire(internos/boarders) RED FLAG

Carthaginian Empire(externos/non- boarders) BLUE FLAG

5 RANKS
(1) EMPEROR
(2)TRIBUNE
(3)DECURION
(4)CENTURION
(5)STANDARD BARRIER

RAYADILLO- official uniform of Ateneo students

FATHER JOSE BECH- first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo

Rizalwas placed as an externo but a week after he showed his progress and after a month he became the emperor.

SANTA ISABEL COLLEGE- where Rizal took his Spanish lessons during recess and paid it for Php 3.00.

Rizal returned to Calamba for his vacation. Saturnina brought him to Tanawan to visit their mother to cheer him up.
After the vacation he returned to Ateneo for his second year. He is now living at DONA PEPAY, an old landlady with
widowed daughter and four sons.

SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)

He again became an emperor; he also received excellent grades in all subjects and gold medal. At March 1874, he
returned to Calamba for his vacation.
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PROPHECY OF MOTHER’S RELEASE

Dona Teodorawas released in the jail after 3 months like what Jose Rizal said.

St. JOSEPH- Rizal was comparable because of his interpretation about his mother release.

TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING

Two Favorite Novels of Rizal

(1) The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas

(2) Travel in the Philippines by Feodor Jagor

Universal History by Cesar Cantus- he wishes to buy

THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874- 1875)

He only got one medal in his Latin subject, then on March 1875 he returned to Calamba.

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876)

June 16, 1875- Rizal became an interne in Ateneo

Father Francisco Sanchez- Rizal’s favourite teacher

Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects and on March, 1876 he returned to Calamba.Rizal became the pride of
the Jesuits and he obtained highest grades in all subjects. He received the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest
honors during commencement exercise.

EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO

He was an emperor and a campus leader outside.

Secretary of the Marian Congregation
Member of Academy of Spanish Literature
Member of Academy of Natural Resources

FATHER JOSE VILLANCIA- advised Rizal to stop communing with the muses but to pay more attention to practical
studies.

Rizal studied painting at AGUSTIN SAEZ and sculpture under ROMUALDO DE JESUS, A Filipino sculptor.

SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO

THE VIRGIN MARY- he carved an image with Batikuling(Phil. Hardwood) with his pocket knife.

Father Lleonart- requested Rizal to carved an image of SACRED HEART OF JESUS

POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO

Doña Teodorawas the first one to discover Rizal’s poetical talent while Fr. Sanchez helped Rizal to develop his talent.

Poems made by Rizal:

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Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration)- dedicated to Rizal’s mother.

Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light

The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education

To the Child

To the Virgin Mary

Dramatic Work in Ateneo

Father Sanchez requested Rizal to wrote a drama based with ST. EUSTACE THE MARTYR and on June 2, 1876, Rizal
had finished the drama.

FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL

Segunda Katigbak- a 14 yr. old Batanguena from Lipa whom Rizal first fell in love with but Segunda was already
engaged to Manuel Luz.

Mariano Katigbak- brother of Segunda

La Concordia College- where Segunda and Olimpia (Rizal’s sister) studied

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Life and Works of Rizal

LESSON no. 4
Chapter 5 MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2

2 courses at UST Victim of Spanish Officers Brutality

Mother’s opposition to Higher Education To the Filipino Youth

Rizal’s enters the UST The Council of the Gods

2 Reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and LettersOther Literary Works

Rizal Studied Rizal’s Visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan

Finished Surveying Course in AteneoChampion of Filipino Youth

Romances with other Girls Unhappy Days at the UST

In this lesson, you will do the following:

Lesson 1 -Recognize Rizal’s Medical studies at UST;

-Describe Rizal’s Romances with other girls;

-Know the reasons why he enrolled philosophy and

letter and his mother’s opposition to Higher
Education;

Lesson 2 Identify Rizal’s varied write up and literary works;

and

Articulate his unhappy days at the UST

Expected Learning Outcome:

To do well in this lesson. You need to demonstrate understanding of:

a. Rizal’s medical studies at the university of Santo Tomas

b. His varied literary works; and
c. Rizal’s Romances with other girls
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Prepared by:
Eva Mae A. Camagong,LPT
INSTRUCTOR

LESSON 1

Chapter V

Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

2 courses enrolled at UST

 Philosophy and letters (1877-1878)

 Medicine

Mother’s Opposition to higher Education

o Don Francisco and Paciano wanted to Jose to pursue higher learning

o Dona Teodora opposed this

RIZAL’S ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY

o April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old, entered the University of Santo Tomas

2 Reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and Letters

o his father like it

o he was not sure what career to pursue

Father Pablo Ramon- Rector of the Ateneo, Rizal asked for advice on the choice of career

Rizal Studied

Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy

He took up a medical course 1878-1879

 he followed Ateneo Rector’s advice

 wanted to able to cure his mother’s growing blindedness

FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878

He took a vocational course in Ateneo during his first term in UST

The course lead to the title perito agrimensor (expert surveyor)
He passed the final examination at the age of 17
He was granted the title on November 25, 1881
His loyalty to Ateneo continued
President of the Academy of Spanish Literature
Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
Secretary of the Marian Congregation

ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS

Segunda Katigba
 14 yr. old Batanguena and engaged gto Manuel Luz
“Miss L”
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 A girl with seductive eyes

 The romance died a natural death because:
 The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart.
 His father did not like the family of “Miss L”
Leonor Valenzuela
 Daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela, their neighbors who were from
Pagsanjan, Laguna
 Her pet name was “Orang”
 Rizal sent notes to her made with invisible ink (salt solution)
Leonor Rivera
 Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (no. 6 called Santo Tomas , Intramuros)
 Daughter of his landlord-uncle from Camiling, Antonio Rivera
 She was a student at La Concordia College , also the school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest sister
 Born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867
 She used the name “Taimis” in her letters to Rizal

LESSON 2

VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY

Setting: Dark night, summer vacation 1878. Calamba

He passed by a lieutenant of the Guardia Civil but failed to recognize the latter
Insulted, the lieutenant slashed Jose’s back with his sword
Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor general, but no resolution was done because of
racial discrimination.

TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)

Literary contest by Artistico- Literario (Artistic Literary Lyceum)

Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Fillipino Youth)
o the first prize, a feather shaped, gold ribbon decorated silver was pen given to Rizal
o in the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind
and descend with art science to break the chains that have the long bound the spirit of the people.
o The poem is classic. Two reasons:
 it was the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish
Literary authorities
 it expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos, and not the foreigners
were the “fair hope of the Fatherland”.

THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880)

Another literary contest by the Artistic- Literary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of
Cervanrtes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.

Manuel De Cervantes– Spain’s glorified man of Letter.

Rizal submitted an allegorical drama, El Consejo de los Dioses ( The Council of the Gods)
The allegory was based on Greek classics
Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in securing the needed reference materials
The contest was participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and scholars.
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Rizal the won the First prize; he received a gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes.
D.N. del Puzo- a Spanish writer win the 2ND price

OTHER LITERARY WORKS

1879: Abd-el- Azis y Mahoma

-A poem, declaimed by Atenian, Manuel Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness

1880: Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)

-A zarzuela, staged by the Ateneans on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception,
Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President of the academy of Spanish Literature

1880: A Filipina

-A sonnet, for the album of the society of sculptors Rizal urged all Filipino artist to glorify the Philippines

1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramos

-A poem, an expression of affection to the Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo rector

RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN

May 1881- Jose, along with his sisters Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends went on a pilgrimate to
Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.

 They boarded a casco (a flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna
 They stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila.
 The company witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria
de los Dolores
 Rizal was infatuated by Vicenta Ybardolaza
 She was skilful in playing the harp at the Regalado home
 Rizal and his party then went to Pagsanjan for two reasons
 It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
 To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls

CHAMPION OF FILIPINO YOUTH

There were frequent student brawls between the Filipinos and the Spaniards
1880: Rizal founded Companerismo (Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino UST students. The members
were called “Companions of Jehu”
He was the chief of the society
His cousin, Galicano, Apacible was the secretary.
In one of the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the head. His friends brought him to Casa Tomasina where
Leonor Rivera took care of him.

UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST

Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican institution because:

 The Dominican professors were hostile to him

 The Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards
 The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.

He failed to win the high scholastic honors due to the attitude of his professors.
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DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD

Rizal decided to study the Spain after finishing the fourth year of his medical course.

The people who did not know his decisions are the following:

 Rizal’s parent
 Leonor Rivera
 Spanish Authority