Bash Script Cheat Sheet
Uploaded by
Hardeep SinghBash Script Cheat Sheet
Uploaded by
Hardeep Singhhttp://steve-parker.org/sh/sh.
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v1.1 7 Aug 2007
UNIX / Linux Shell Cheat Sheet
File Manipulation
> file >> file >file 2>&1 < file a|b create (overwrite) file append to file both output and errors to file read from file pipe output from 'a' as input to 'b'
Test Operators
if [ $x -lt $y ]; then # do something fi Numeric Tests lt gt read text file line by line eq ne ge le less than greater than equal to not equal greater or equal less or equal
Variable Substitution
${V:-def} ${V:=def} ${V:?err} $V, or def if unset $V (set to def if unset) $V, or err if unset
Conditional Execution
c1 || c2 c1 && c2 run c1; if it fails, run c2 run c1; if it works, run c2
Common Constructs
while read f do echo Line is $f done < file $ grep foo myfile afoo foo foobar $ cut -d: -f5 /etc/passwd Dilbert foo=`ls`
Common utilities and switches
ls -lSr ls -ltr ls -lh du -sk * sort -n ps -ef wget URL time cmd touch file read x cmd | \ tee file.txt nice cmd list files, biggest last list files, newest last human-readable filesizes directory sizes (slow) sort numerically (not alpha) list my commands download URL stopwatch on `cmd` create file read x from keyboard cmd output to stdout and also to file.txt run cmd with low priority
find matching lines get field with delimiter get output of command
File Tests nt newer than d f r w x is a directory is a file readable writeable executable
String Tests = equal to z n zero length not zero length
case $foo in a) echo foo is A ;; b) echo foo is B ;; *) echo foo is not A or B ;; esac doubleit() { expr $1 \* 2 } doubleit 3 # returns 6 function declaration and calling syntax A for loop for i in * do echo File is $i done iterates through its input (which is subject to globbing) case is a good way to avoid iterating through many if/elif/elif/elif constructs.
Networking
ifconfig -a netstat -r ssh u@host scp file.txt \ u@host: list all network interfaces show routers log in to host as user u copy file.txt to host as user u
Logical Tests && || ! logical AND logical OR logical NOT
Argument Variables
$0 $1 $2 ... $9 $* $# program name 1st argument 2nd argument ... 9th argument all arguments No. of arguments
General Admin
less file alias l='ls -l' tar cf t.tar \ list_of_files cal 3 1973 df -h truss -p PID display file, page by page create l as alias for ls -l create a tar archive t.tar from the listed dirs/files display a calendar (Mar 73) show disk mounts show syscalls of PID
Files: Contents / Attributes
find . -size 10k -print find . -name *.txt -print find /foo -type d -ls three=`expr 1 + 2` echo "scale = 5 ; 5121 / 1024 | bc egrep (foo|bar) file files over 10Kb find text files ls all directories under /foo simple maths better maths find foo or bar in file print the 5th word of each line replace foo in file with bar
Useful Variables
$IFS $? $SHELL LANG Internal File Separator return code from last program what shell is running this script? Language; C is US English awk '{ print $5 }' file sed s/foo/bar/g file