Microproject DMS

A
Micro project report
“SQL COMMANDS”
SUBMITTED TO M.S.B.T.E., Mumbai
For the Award of
DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

09 Lande Sayali Amardeep
20 Raut Shweta Tulshiram
38 Jamadade Pranjali Tukaram
39 Kamble Aishwarya Prashant
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mrs.V.B.Maskar
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
NBA ACCREDIATED
SVERI’s College of Engineering (Polytechnic), Pandharpur
2023-24
AFFILIATED TO
M.S.B.T.E.
Evolution sheet for Micro Project
Academic Year:- 2023-24 Name of Faculty:- Mrs.V.B.Maskar
Course:- Computer Engineering Course code:- CO3I
Subject:- DMS Subject Code:- 22319
Semester:- 3 Scheme:- I
Title of Project:- SQL COMMANDS

COs addressed by the Micro Project:
CO 1
CO 2
Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 4
Marks out of 6 Total
for
for mars
performance
Roll No Name of students performance in out
in oral/
group activity of 10
Presentation
20 Raut Shweta Tulshiram
Name and Mrs.V.B.Maskar
Signature of
faculty
SVERI’s COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLYTECHNIC), PANDHARPUR.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled
“SQL COMMANDS”
Submitted by
Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

20 Raut Shweta Tulshiram 22107401183
is a bonafide work carried out by above students, under the guidance Mr. P. S. Bhandare of and it is
submitted towards the fulfillment of requirement of MSBTE, Mumbai for the award of Diploma in
Computer Engineering at SVERI’s COE (Polytechnic), Pandharpur during the academic year 2023-2024.
(Mrs.V.B.Maskar)
Guide
(Mr. P. S. Bhandare ) (Dr. N. D. Misal )
HOD Principal
Place: Pandharpur
Date: / /
Acknowledgement
“SQL COMMANDS” has been developed successfully with a great contribution of four students in
a period of two months. We like to appreciate their guidance, encouragement and willingness since without
their support the project would not have been a success. We would like to give our heartfelt gratitude to
Principal Dr. N. D. Misal, Guide Mrs.V.B.Maskar & HOD Mr. P. S. Bhandare who is the supervisor of our
project for helping and encouraging us in many ways to make our project a success. We would never been
able to finish our work without great support and enthusiasm from friends and support from our family. We
would like to thank the department of Computer Engineering, for giving us permission to initiate this
project and successfully finish it.
SQL Command:
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL commands are the instructions used to communicate with a
database to perform tasks, functions, and queries with data.
SQL commands can be used to search the database and to do other functions like creating tables, adding data to
tables, modifying data, and dropping tables.
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
 DDL changes the structure of the table like creating a table, deleting a table, altering
a table etc.
 All the command of DDL are auto-committed that means it permanently save all the
changes in the database.
 Here are some commands that come under DDL:
o CREATE
o ALTER
o DROP
o TRUNCATE
a. CREATE It is used to create a new table in the database.
Syntax:
1. CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME1 DATATYPE(SIZE),COLUMN_NAME2 DATATYPE
(SIZE),….,COLUMN_NAMEN DATATYPE(SIZE));
Example:
b. DROP: It is used to delete both the structure and record stored in the table.
Syntax
1. DROP TABLE table_name;
Example
c. ALTER: It is used to alter the structure of the database. This change could be either to modify the
characteristics of an existing attribute or probably to add a new attribute.
Syntax:
1. To add a new column in the table
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
Example
2. To modify existing column in the table:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY(column_name(SIZE));
Example
3. To rename the table name
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
Example
d. TRUNCATE: It is used to delete all the rows from the table and free the space containing the table.
Syntax:
1. TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
Example:
2. Data Manipulation Language
o DML commands are used to modify the database. It is responsible for all form of changes in the
database.
o The command of DML is not auto-committed that means it can't permanently save all the
changes in the database. They can be rollback.
Here are some commands that come under DML:
o INSERT
o UPDATE
o DELETE
a. INSERT: The INSERT statement is a SQL query. It is used to insert data into the row of a table.
Syntax:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME

(col1, col2, col3,.... col N)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, .... valueN);
Or
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, .... valueN);
For example:
b. UPDATE: This command is used to update or modify the value of a column in the table.
Syntax:
1. UPDATE table_name SET [column_name1= value1,...column_nameN = valueN] [WHERE CONDITION]
For example:
1. UPDATE students
2. SET User_Name = 'Sonoo'
3. WHERE Student_Id = '3'
c. DELETE: It is used to remove one or more row from a table.
Syntax:
1. DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
For example:
1. DELETE FROM javatpoint

2. WHERE Author="Sonoo";
3. Data Control Language
DCL commands are used to grant and take back authority from any database user.
Here are some commands that come under DCL:

o Grant
o Revoke
a. Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.
Example
1. GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;
b. Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.
Example
1. REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE FROM USER1, USER2;
4. Transaction Control Language
TCL commands can only use with DML commands like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only.
These operations are automatically committed in the database that's why they cannot be used while
creating tables or dropping them.
Here are some commands that come under TCL:
o COMMIT
o ROLLBACK
o SAVEPOINT
a. Commit: Commit command is used to save all the transactions to the database.
Syntax:
1. COMMIT;
Example:
1. DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS

2. WHERE AGE = 25;
3. COMMIT;
b. Rollback: Rollback command is used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the
database.
Syntax:
1. ROLLBACK;
Example:
1. DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS

2. WHERE AGE = 25;
3. ROLLBACK;
c. SAVEPOINT: It is used to roll the transaction back to a certain point without rolling back the entire
transaction.
Syntax:
1. SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;
5. Data Query Language
DQL is used to fetch the data from the database.
It uses only one command:

o SELECT
a. SELECT: This is the same as the projection operation of relational algebra. It is used to select the
attribute based on the condition described by WHERE clause.
Syntax:
1. SELECT expressions
2. FROM TABLES
3. WHERE conditions;
For example:
1. SELECT emp_name
2. FROM employee
3. WHERE age > 20;

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A

Micro project report

SUBMITTED TO M.S.B.T.E., Mumbai

For the Award of

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SVERI’s College of Engineering (Polytechnic), Pandharpur

Academic Year:- 2023-24 Name of Faculty:- Mrs.V.B.Maskar

Course:- Computer Engineering Course code:- CO3I

Subject:- DMS Subject Code:- 22319

Title of Project:- SQL COMMANDS

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

09 Lande Sayali Amardeep

20 Raut Shweta Tulshiram

38 Jamadade Pranjali Tukaram

39 Kamble Aishwarya Prashant

Name and Mrs.V.B.Maskar

This is to certify that the Project report entitled

Roll no Name of Student Enrollment no

(Mr. P. S. Bhandare ) (Dr. N. D. Misal )

changes in the database.

 Here are some commands that come under DDL:

a. CREATE It is used to create a new table in the database.

1. CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME1 DATATYPE(SIZE),COLUMN_NAME2 DATATYPE

1. DROP TABLE table_name;

1. To add a new column in the table

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;

2. To modify existing column in the table:

ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY(column_name(SIZE));

3. To rename the table name

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

1. TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

2. Data Manipulation Language

Here are some commands that come under DML:

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME

1. UPDATE table_name SET [column_name1= value1,...column_nameN = valueN] [WHERE CONDITION]

c. DELETE: It is used to remove one or more row from a table.

1. DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];

1. DELETE FROM javatpoint

3. Data Control Language

Here are some commands that come under DCL:

a. Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.

1. GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;

b. Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.

1. REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE FROM USER1, USER2;

4. Transaction Control Language

creating tables or dropping them.

Here are some commands that come under TCL:

1. DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS

1. DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS

5. Data Query Language

DQL is used to fetch the data from the database.

It uses only one command:

attribute based on the condition described by WHERE clause.

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