Types of Internet Connection

In this article, we will understand the types of Internet connection.

What is Internet Connection?

A user can connect to the Internet either by dialing into an ISP's computer or by directly
connecting to the ISP. A dial-up connection is the one you initiate by dialing into a
modem over a telephone link whereas a direct connection is a continuous connection to
an ISP through a dedicated phone line.

The various types of Internet connections are:

o Dial-up connection
o ISDN
o Leased Line or TI/T3 connections
o DSL
o Cable TV Internet connections
o Satellite Internet Connections
o Wireless Internet Connections

The DSL, Cable TV Internet, Satellite Internet and wireless Internet connections are used
for providing high speed or broadband Internet access.

DIAL-UP CONNECTION
A dial-up connection is one of the most common types of Internet connection offered
by ISPS. This connection uses a telephone line to connect your computer to the Internet.
In order to access using such a connection, a hardware device known as a modem is
needed. A modem acts as an interface between your computer and a telephone line A
communication program (such as Dial Up Networking) instructs the modem to place a
telephone call to a specific phone number provided by an ISP, establish a connection
and then connect your computer to the Internet.

In dial-up connection, a connection is not always on. You connect only when you want
to access the services provided by the Internet and when you are finished using it just
disconnect.
The dial-up connection uses either the SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) or PPP (Point
to Point Protocol) protocols. However, most of the dial up connections are PPP protocol.

Most ISPs support modems at a speed upto 56 kbps, so these basically used to read
Emails and for Internet browsing. However, this type of connection has problems with
video connections, high speed gaming and multimedia intensive websites. While using a
dial up connection to access the Internet, you cannot talk on the phone. Thus a dial-up
connection does not allow simultaneous talking and Internet access.

Advantages of Dial-up Connection:

o It is fast enough to read information and download small files.

o It is easy to set up and most widely available Many ISPs provide this type of
service.
o It is the cheapest form of Internet access in a limited way.
o Hardware cost in establishing such a connection is minimum.

Disadvantages of Dial-up connection:

1. Very slow connection You must wait several minutes for reading e-mails with
large file attachments, viewing videos on the net, listening to music and
appearance of web pages containing a lot of pictures, animations etc.
2. Connection is not always You need to dial up every time you want to use Internet
services.
3. Using this connection, you cannot use the Internet and receive phone calls
simultaneously. A busy signal will be received by the person who calls you.
4. It is the slowest connection available, especially when multiple users on the
network need to access the Internet.

ISDN, TI AND T3
ISDN was one of the first widely available truly digital services that stands for Integrated
Services Digital Network. Like a dial-up connection, it also establishes a connection to
your ISP over a phone line when required. However, unlike dial-up connection it uses an
upgraded phone line which carries the digital signals instead of analog signals to
provide fast internet access as well as regular voice calls simultaneously. It also provides
an interface for connecting other devices such as fax machines, video phones etc.

ISDN services are generally delivered in one of two techniques:

o BRI (Basic Rate Interface)

o PRI (Primary Rate Interface).

Basic Rate Interface:

A BRI ISDN service consists of three distinct channels on a single ISDN line: two 64 Kbps
B (Bearer) channels and one 16 Kbps D (Delta or Data) channels. The B channels can
carry digital data, digitized voice, images, and video at a speed of 64 Kbps. By
combining two B channels, a data transfer rate upto 128 kbps may be achieved. Besides
this you can use each B channel for different purposes. One may be used to talk on the
phone and the other may be used to access the Internet. However, this would
temporarily limit your data transmission rate (bandwidth) to 64 Kbps as only one of the
B channels is used for the Internet. The D channel is intended for the purpose of
signaling and control, messaging, and network management. It can also be used for
packet data transmission if not in use for signaling purposes. However, it does not have
the voice capability. BRI is basically used for residential, small business and
telecommuting applications that are not particularly bandwidth intensive.

Primary Rate Interface

PRI consists of 23 B channels plus one D channel. Both B and D channels operate at the
speed of 64 Kbps making a total transmission rate of 1.544 Mpbs. This level of
transmission rate is equivalent to that of T1 service. The individual B channels carry user
information such as data, video, voice calls etc. and D channel is reserved for signaling
information.

In addition to T1 service, many telephone companies provide more data transmission

speeds. T3 service is the one which uses 672 channels of 64 Kbps each making the total
transmission speed of 44,736 Mbps. Several other fractional T services are also being
provided between the levels of BRI and PRI as per the requirements of companies on
the basis of their cost and needs.
In order to connect your computer to the ISDN line, Terminal Adapters are used which
are also known as ISDN modems. These modems come with phone jacks that allow you
to plug in your telephone, computers, fax machine and video conferencing devices and
use the ISDN line just like a normal phone line.

Advantages of ISDN :

1. It is faster than dial-up connection as its maximum speed is upto 128 Kbps (HRT)
compared to 56 Kbps of dial-up connection.
2. It allows you to access Internet and talk on the phone simultaneously
3. It is suitable for accessing the Internet in a LAN provided a limited number of
computers(2 to 8) are attached to it.

Disadvantages of ISDN :

1. It is difficult to set up and troubleshoot

2. It is not widely available as it is only available in some limited areas.
3. It is expensive as compared to dial-up connection as per minute charges can
make it costly when a lot of Internet access is required.
4. It has limited expendability. It is not practical for more than 6 computers
depending upon the usage.

DSL:
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line which has emerged as a new Internet access
technology that has brought high connection speeds to home users and business
organizations. It is one of the most common forms of broadband connection as it
provides fast Internet access over ordinary telephone lines. Several versions of DSL
technology are available for home and business use which is the reason why it is also
known as xDSL.

Some of the most common DSL are:

 o Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
o Rate adaptive DSL (RADSL)
o Very high bit-rate DSL (VSDL)
o Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
o High bit-rate DSL (HDSL)
o ISDN DSL (IDSL)

All these differ depending on their upload and download speeds, bits transfer rate, levél
of service, distance, and other factors. ADSL is the most popular and widely used high
speed broadband connection that allows digital information to be sent at a very high
speed over ordinary phone lines. Using this connection, the same phone line is splitted
into two separate channels, one for data and one for voice. Thus it allows you to talk on
the phone without disconnecting from the Internet. It is called asymmetric because the
download speed is different from the upload speed. These speeds vary according to the
location from the phone company. Some of the common download/upload speeds are
256 Kbps/128 Kbps, 512 Kbps/128 Kbps, 1Mbps/256 Kbps etc. The speed varies from
128 Kbps to 8 Mbps and upload speed ranges from 64 Kbps to 256 Kbps.

SDSL is like ADSI. With the difference that in the former both the upload and download
speeds are the same, In order to access the Internet using this connection, DSL modem
is required for the home users and DSL router is required for connecting network
computers.

Advantages of DSL connection:

1. It is always on connection and users need not wait as in case of dialup

connection.
2. It allows you to use a telephone and Internet simultaneously.
 3. It is ideal for downloading video games, watching movies online, online video
conferencing etc.
4. It is faster than ISDN and dial-up connection.
5. It eliminates the performance overhead associated with standard dial-up
connection as there is no need to convert analog signal to digital signal and
digital to analog signals.

Disadvantages of DSL Connection:

1. Limited Availability Availability only in limited areas.

2. It is expensive in terms of setup and equipment costs.
3. Upload speed is much slower than download speed.

CABLE TV INTERNET CONNECTION

Cable TV Internet Connection is a high speed Internet connection service provided
through existing Cable TV lines. You can watch TV in a normal manner and at the same
time access the Internet. It is one of the most widely growing services in homes because
of its affordability and ease of use. The cable TV lines use the coaxial cable which
transfers data at much higher speed than common telephone lines. Its speed usually
ranges from 256 Kbps to 1 Mbps

In order to access this service, a cable modem is used which is provided by a Cable TV
operator. A cable modem typically has two connections, one for the Internet service and
other for the Cable TV signals. These modems are specially designed so that data
transmission doesn't interfere with TV signals, making it possible to use both the
services simultaneously.
Cable TV Internet connections share a set amount of bandwidth with a group of
customers. So the data transfer speed available to a user depends upon how many
customers are using the Internet at the same time. Data transfer speeds can be
extremely fast when only a few customers are online but it reduces drastically as the
number of customers online increases.

Cable TV Internet Services are far more available in residential communities than in
business organizations.

Advantages of Cable TV Internet Connection:

1. Data transfer speed is very fast.

2. It provides continuous and instantaneous connectivity i.e. connection is always
ON.
3. There is no internet login required and the user never gets busy signals as in case
of dialup connection.

Disadvantages of Cable TV Internet Connection:

1. As the connection may be shared by multiple customers this may slow down the
connection to the Internet during peak time.)
2. Only available in areas with Cable TV connections
3. Customers are not able to telecommunicate host websites, use video
teleconferencing and many other bandwidth eating applications.
4. It is inexpensive as compared to other types of connections though.
5. Its initial cost may be high
6. Customers sharing the same cable network with other customers poses certain
security risks such as unauthorized monitoring and hacking, denial of service etc.

SATELLITE INTERNET CONNECTION

Satellite Internet Connection offers yet another option for accessing the Internet. It is
the most expensive alternative for getting a high speed connection to the Internet.
These connections are aimed for those remote areas where other Internet connections
such as dial-up. ISDN, DSL cannot be used.

Satellite Internet connection can either be a one way connection or a two way
connection. In one way connection, you can only download data but in order to upload
the data you need a dialup access through an ISP over telephone line. However, in a two
way connection, downloads and uploads are done by the satellite without a need of
dialup connection.
In order to use this connection, you need a satellite dish, a coaxial cable and
communication software. In addition, we may also need a phone line and a dial-up
Internet connection if the user has to upload also.

The download speed for these connections varies from 400 Kbps to 6 Mbps and the
upload speed is limited upto a maximum of 128 Kbps.

Advantages of Satellite Internet Connection:

1. This connection is available almost everywhere even in small villages where Cable
TV connection is not possible.
2. Bandwidth is not shared as in case of Cable Internet Connection.
3. It is easy to reinstall as the dish can be easily removed and reinstalled unlike
Cable TV connection where cables generally go to waste.

Disadvantages of Satellite Internet Connection:

1. It is more expensive to set up than other high speed Internet Connections

2. Provides high speed downloading as compared to uploading
3. In case of one way connection, you cannot communicate on the phone when you
are uploading

WIRELESS INTERNET CONNECTION

With the recent advancement in wireless technology, the high speed Internet access is
not limited to the desktop but it is now accessible on laptops, PDA's, mobiles also,
Wireless Internet is the broadband Internet connection that use the radio frequency
bands to connect to the Internet instead of using a telephone line or a cable network.
This type of connection provides a very high speed, usually more than 10 Mbps and
costs considerably less than the equivalent other wired versions. Its speeds range from
256 Kbps to 10 Mbps. It is possible to use this type of connection to transmit data over
long distances. This type of connection is used by business travelers and persons who
are away from home as long as they are within the network's coverage area.

(wi-fi): A number of ISP's have placed 802.11b (wi-fi) network standards in public places
such as hostels, coffee shops, airports, convention centers. These networks provide easy
access to the Internet for anyone with a compatible device (e.g. Laptop or PDA).

Bluetooth: It is also used for Internet access although it doesn't have the potential of
wi-fi due to its limited distance. It was primarily promoted as it eliminated the need for
cables between devices such as keyboard, computers, cellular phones, PDA's etc. The
current standard allows upto 8 devices to be connected to it.

Advantages of Wireless Internet Connection :

1. It is an extremely fast connection.

2. It provides greater mobility and covers a very long distance.
3. It provides an always on connection.

Disadvantages of Wireless Internet Connection:

1. It has limited availability wi-fi connection is usually available in public areas like
airports,railways stations etc. Bluetooth connection is available in areas where
mobile companies have network coverage.
2. Depending upon the signal quality, its speed varies
3. Initial cost of setup is very high.