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    Introduction To Shad Darshan

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    Babita Saxena
    This document summarizes the six major schools of Hindu philosophy (shada darshana): Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Samkhya, and Yoga. It provides an overview of each school's key philosophers, texts, beliefs about the nature of reality and the path to moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The schools are categorized as either astika, which accept the authority of the Vedas, or nastika, which do not.

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    Introduction To Shad Darshan

    Uploaded by

    Babita Saxena
    1K views10 pages
    This document summarizes the six major schools of Hindu philosophy (shada darshana): Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Samkhya, and Yoga. It provides an overview of each school's key philosophers, texts, beliefs about the nature of reality and the path to moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The schools are categorized as either astika, which accept the authority of the Vedas, or nastika, which do not.

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    Darshanas in yoga

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    introduction to shad darshan (1)

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    This document summarizes the six major schools of Hindu philosophy (shada darshana): Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Samkhya, and Yoga. It provides an overview of each school's key philosophers, texts, beliefs about the nature of reality and the path to moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The schools are categorized as either astika, which accept the authority of the Vedas, or nastika, which do not.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views10 pages

    Introduction To Shad Darshan

    Uploaded by

    Babita Saxena
    This document summarizes the six major schools of Hindu philosophy (shada darshana): Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Samkhya, and Yoga. It provides an overview of each school's key philosophers, texts, beliefs about the nature of reality and the path to moksha or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The schools are categorized as either astika, which accept the authority of the Vedas, or nastika, which do not.

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    4Rd RA

    Vaisheshika

    Orthodox
    Nyaya Indian Philosophy
    Sankhya
    Schools
    Yoga Nastika (Does not
    (Shad Darshans) Mimansa
    Astika (Believes inVedas) believe in Vedas)
    Schools of
    Vedanta
    Indian
    Philosopty Completely Vedic Somehow related to Vedic Buddhism, Jainism
    philosophy philosophy tc.
    (Darshana)
    Charvaka
    Heterodox
    Buddhism
    Schools Mimamsa Vedanta
    Jainism
    Samkhya Yoga Vaisesika Nyay
    SixSchools of Indian
    Philosophy
    Vedic period defined the
    philosophies about true nature of
    soul or Atman + cosmic principle or

    Brahman who represented the


    ultimate reality. Later these
    philosophical concepts gave rise to
    six different schools of philosophies
    called shada darshana. They fall in
    the category of the orthodox system
    as the final authority of the Vedas is
    recognized by all of them.

    Nyaya Logic& analytic philosophy


    Few atomic building blocks &
    Vaisheshika
    consciousness

    Mimamsa Critical interpretation of the Vedas

    Vedanta The "essence" of the Vedas

    Samkhya Consciousness & Matter

    Yoga Meditation, Contemplation


    When Varna system was well
    established then ancient people
    thought that a person should strive
    for:
    Artha ( Economic Means) -
    Defined in Arthashashtra of
    Kautilya
    Dharma ( Social Order) - Defined
    in Dharmashashtra
    Kama (Physical pleasure)
    Defined in Kamasutra of
    Vatsyanan
    Moksha (Salvation) - Defined in 6
    schools of Philosophy
    Moksha is basically to get free fromn
    transmigration or free from cycle of birth &
    death
    Philosophical Schools
    Philosopher Systema Text
    Brhaspati Carvakadarsana Brhaspatyasatra
    Mahavira Janadarsana Aggama sähitya
    Siddh rtha Gautama Balddhadarsana Buddha Tripttaka
    Kapila Särnkhyadar[aa Sankhya-satra
    P tanjali Yogadar[ana Yoga-sttra
    Kay da Vafsesikadaráana Valsesika-satra
    Gautama Nyayadarsana Nyaya-satra
    Jaimini Mimansädaráana Mimapsä-satra
    Badar yaya Vedäntadaráana Vedänta-sütra
    Samkhya School
    By Kapila who wrote Samkhya
    sutra

    Reality is constituted of two


    principles one female and other
    male i.e. Prakriti, Purusha
    respectively; both are completely
    independent & absolute
    Purusha mere consciousness, devoid
    of attributes, cannot be changed
    (absolute, independent, free, limitless)
    Prakriti constituted ofmaterialistic
    attributes (thoughts & movement) +

    change or transformation of these


    attributes brings about the change in all
    objects.
    All in this world originates from
    the interplay of these two entities
    i.e. Purusha and Prakriti
    Later this school merged with Yoga
    school of Philosophy
    Nyaya School
    By Gautama
    Valid knowledge is defined as the
    real knowledge i.e. one knows
    about the object as it exists viz. it is
    when one knows a snake as a
    snake or a cup as a cup;
    Basically a technique of logical
    thinkingg
    Salvation can be achieved through
    acquisition of knowledge &
    veracity of a statement can be
    tested via inference, hearing &
    analogy
    Theory of Praman - Nyaya (science

    of reasoning, debate, logic &


    epistemology)
    Pratyaksha (Perception)
    Anumana (Inference)
    Upamana(Comparison)
    Sabda (Testimony)
    Yoga School
    By Patanjali who wrote Yogasutra
    Yogic techniques control body,
    mind & sense organs, thus
    considered as a means of
    achieving freedom or mukti
    By purifying & controlling changes
    in the mental mechanism, yoga
    systematically brings about the
    release of purusha from prakriti;
    which could be attained by
    practising
    Self-control (yama) & Observation of
    rules (niyama)

    fixed postures (asana) & Breath control


    (pranayama)
    Choosing an object (pratyahara) & fixing
    the mind (dharna)

    Concentrating on the chosen object


    (dhyana)
    Complete dissolution ofself, merging the
    mind and the object (Samadhî)
    Vaisheshika School
    By Kanada
    All objects in the universe are
    composed of five elements-earth,
    water, air, fire & ether except time,
    space, mind & soul & God is the
    guiding principle
    Living beings were rewarded or
    punished according to the law of
    karma, based on actions of merit
    and demerit.
    Creation and destruction of
    universe is a cyclic process and
    take place in agreement with God's
    wish
    Marked the beginning of physics in
    India & explained the phenomena
    of formation of universe by the
    atomic theory viz. Combination off
    atoms and molecules into matter
    Finally this school was merged
    with Nyaya school of philosophy
    Mimamsa School
    By Jamini
    Analysis & interpretation of
    application & use of Samhita and
    Brahmana portions of the Veda
    Reasoning was used to provide
    justification of vedic rituals &
    attainment of salvation, dependent
    on their way of performance
    Vedas are eternal & possess all
    knowledge, and religion means the
    fulfilment of duties prescribed by
    the Vedas
    Vedas contains eternal truth & in
    order to attain salvation it strongly
    recommended vedic sacrifices
    (Which ultimately needed
    Brahamanas)
    Principle aim of this philosophy
    was to attain Heaven & salvation ((
    A person will enjoy heavon as long
    as his virtues last & then will come
    to earth, but in salvation he will be
    free from the cycle of Death &
    Birth)
    The names associated with this
    philosophy are Sabar Swami and
    Kumarila Bhatta.
    Vedanta School
    Brahamasutra of Badrayana (2000
    B.C.) formed its basic structure on
    which commentaries were written
    later by Shankaracharya (900 AD)
    & Ramanujam (1200 AD).
    Vedanta implies the philosophy of
    the Upanishad, the concluding
    portion of the Vedas.
    Brahman is true, the world is false
    and self and Brahman are not
    different with Brahmana existent,
    unchanging, the highest truth and
    the ultimate knowledge.
    The core message of Vedanta is
    that every action must be
    governed by the intellect - the

    discriminating faculty. The mind


    makes mistakes but the intellect
    tells us if the action is in our
    interest or not.
    Vedanta enables the practitioner to
    access the realm of spirit through
    the intellect. Whether one moves
    into spirituality through Yoga,
    meditation or devotion, it must
    ultimately crystallize into inner
    understanding for attitudinal1
    changes and enlightenment.
    Also linked with Theory of Karma
    e. in present birth, a person has to
    bear consequences of previous
    birth

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