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Assignment2 L6-L10

This document contains 18 multiple choice questions about performing various operations and commands in R. The questions cover topics like: 1. Creating functions 2. Evaluating functions 3. Creating matrices 4. Accessing elements of matrices 5. Performing operations like addition, multiplication, transpose on matrices 6. Subsetting matrices The document provides the questions, multiple choice answers and the solution/explanation for each question to help learn R commands and operations on vectors and matrices.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views

Assignment2 L6-L10

This document contains 18 multiple choice questions about performing various operations and commands in R. The questions cover topics like: 1. Creating functions 2. Evaluating functions 3. Creating matrices 4. Accessing elements of matrices 5. Performing operations like addition, multiplication, transpose on matrices 6. Subsetting matrices The document provides the questions, multiple choice answers and the solution/explanation for each question to help learn R commands and operations on vectors and matrices.

Uploaded by

jackhijack17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOOC Course - Foundations of R Software

July 2023

Assignment 2
1. Which one of the following is the correct specification to compute 𝑦 =
√𝑒𝑥𝑝( 𝑥) + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3/2 − 4000 and what is its value for x = 17?

a. y<-function{x}{sqrt(exp(x)+x^2)+x^3/2-4000}, y=3371.298
b. y<-f(x)[sqrt(exp(x)+x^2)+x^(3/2)-4000] , y=984.481
c. y<-function(x){sqrt(exp(x)+x^2)+x^3/2-4000}, y=3371.298
d. y<- function(x){sqrt(exp(x)+x^2)+x^(3/2)-4000}, y
=984.481

Solution: The command in R to create a function is y <-


function(x){formulation}

2. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of z(14,11) of the function spe
cified as z=function(x,y){sqrt(x^3-y^3+log(x))+log(-(5*x^-2+6*y^-
2-60))-(x^3-y^2)^(3/4)} ?
a. -4511644550
b. -324.8028
c. -2758.699
d. None of these

Solution: The command in R to evaluate a function is z(xval,yval)

3. Which one of the following is the correct command to obtain the following matrix?

21 24 27
𝑥 = (22 25 28)
23 26 29

a. x=matrix(21:29,3,3,byrow=T)
b. x=mat(21:29,3,3, byrow=T)
c. x=matrix(21:29,3,3,byrow=F)

1
d. x=mat(21:29,3,3,byrow=F)

Solution: The command in R to create a matrix is x=matrix(data, nrow, ncol,


byrow=)

4. Which one of the following is the correct command to obtain the following matrix?
15 11 17
𝑧=( )
8 19 12

a. z <- matrix(nrow=2, ncol=3, data=c(15,11,17,8,19,12),


byrow=T)
b. z <- matrix(nrow=3, ncol=2, data=c(15,8,11,19,17,12) ,
byrow=T)
c. z <- matrix(nrow=2, ncol=3, data=(15,8,11,19,17,12) ,
byrow=T)
d. z <- matrix(nrow=3, ncol=2, data=(15,8,11,19,17,12) ,
byrow=T)

Solution: The command in R to create a matrix is x=matrix(data, nrow, ncol,


byrow=)

5. Which one of the following is the correct command to obtain the third column and
first row of the following matrix?

10 20 30
𝑥 = (40 50 60)
70 80 90

a. x(3, ) and x( ,1) respectively.


b. x(3, ) and x(1, ) respectively.
c. x[, 3] and x[1, ] respectively.
d. x[ ,1] and x[3, ] respectively.

Solution: The command in R to get a row and a column of a matrix x is x[nrow, ]


and x[ , ncol] respectively.

2
6. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the command X[3,2] for
the matrix constituted by the commands X<-matrix(61:69,3,3,byrow=F)?

a. 63
b. 66
c. 67
d. 68

Solution: The command x[nrow, ncol] provides the nrow-th row and ncol-th
column element in the matrix x.

7. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the commands dim(x) and
dim(y) for the matrices obtained by x<-matrix(101:150,25,2,byrow=T)
and y<-matrix(201:250,25,2,byrow=F) ?

a. 25 2 and 2 25 respectively.
b. 2 25 and 25 2 respectively.
c. 2 25 and 2 25 respectively.
d. 25 2 and 25 2 respectively.

Solution: The command dim(x)provides the dimensions of the matrix x.

8. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the command

x <- diag(5, nrow=2, ncol=2) ?

5 5
a. 𝑥 = ( )
0 5

0 5
b. 𝑥 = ( )
5 0

5 5
c. 𝑥=( )
5 5

3
5 0
d. 𝑥=( )
0 5

Solution: The command diag() creates a diagonal matrix in R.

9. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the command t(x) for

x<-matrix(nrow=3, ncol=2, data=30:35, byrow=T) ?

a.
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 30 32 34
[2,] 31 33 35

b.
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 30 31
[2,] 32 33
[3,] 34 35

c.
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 30 33
[2,] 31 34
[3,] 32 35

d.
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 30 31 32
[2,] 33 34 35

Solution: The command t(x) creates a matrix transpose of x in R.

4
10. Which one of the following is the correct command to obtain the multiplication of
two matrices x and y of the same order?

a. x**y

b. *%*y

c. x%*%y

d. x%**%y

Solution: The command x%*%y provides the matrix multiplication of matrices x and y
in R.

11. Which one of the following is the correct command to obtain the multiplication of
4 7 12 13
two matrices 𝑥=( ) and 𝑦 = ( ) along with its correct answer?
8 2 16 11

a. x*y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 48 128
[2,] 91 22

b. x*%*y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 48 91
[2,] 128 22

c. x%*%y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 160 129
[2,] 128 126

5
d. x%%*%%y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 160 128
[2,] 129 126

Solution: The command x%*%y provides the matrix multiplication of matrices x and y
in R.

12. Let x<- matrix(nrow=3, ncol=3, data=49:41, byrow=T) then which


one of the following is the correct outcome of 3*x ?

a.
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 147 144 141
[2,] 138 135 132
[3,] 129 126 123
b.
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 147 138 129
[2,] 144 135 126
[3,] 141 132 123

c.
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 141 132 123
[2,] 144 135 126
[3,] 147 138 129

d.
[,1] [,2] [,3]

6
[1,] 129 126 123
[2,] 138 135 132
[3,] 147 144 141

Solution: The command a*x provides the scalar multiplication of matrix x with scalar
a in R.

13. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the addition of two matrices
4 8 12 16
𝑥=( ) and 𝑦 = ( ) along with its correct answer?
7 2 13 11

a.
x + y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 16 24
[2,] 20 13

b.
x %+% y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 16 24
[2,] 20 13

c.
x %%+%% y
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 20 13
[2,] 16 24

d.
x %+%+ y
7
and its correct answer is
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 20 13
[2,] 16 24

Solution: The command x+y provides the matrix addition of matrices x and y in R.

14. Let x<- matrix(nrow=4, ncol=4, data=16:31, byrow=F) then which


one of the following is the correct outcome of 2+4%*%x ?

a.
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 66 80 96 112
[2,] 68 84 100 116
[3,] 72 88 104 120
[4,] 76 92 108 124

b.
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 66 82 98 114
[2,] 70 86 102 118
[3,] 74 90 106 122
[4,] 78 94 110 126

c. Error...

d. None of these

Solution: The command x%*%y provides the matrix multiplication of matrices x and y
in R. A scalar and matrix are not compatible in this multiplication.

8
15. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of X[3 ,] for the matrix
specified by

X<-matrix(nrow=3, ncol=3, data=c(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90),


byrow=F) ?

a. [1] 30 60 90
b. [1] 35 75 15
c. [1] 90 60 30
d. None of these

Solution: The command x[nrow, ] provides the nrow-th row of the matrix x in R.

16. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of x[1:2,2:3] for the matrix
specified by x<- matrix(nrow=4, ncol=4, data=16:31, byrow=T)?

a.
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 21 22
[2,] 17 18

b.

[,1] [,2]

[1,] 17 18

[2,] 21 22

c.
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 17 21
[2,] 18 22

d.
[,1] [,2]

9
[1,] 17 18
[2,] 22 21

Solution: The command x[a:b, c:d] provides the submatrix of x with a to b


rows and c to d columns in R.

20 30
17. Which one of the following is the correct command to get the matrix (50 60)
80 90
from the matrix specified by

X<-matrix(nrow=4, ncol=3, data=c(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,


100,110,120), byrow=T) ?

a. X[2:3, 1:3]
b. X[1:3, 2:3]
c. X[1:1, 2:2, 3:3]
d. X[3:3, 2:2, 1:1]

Solution: The command x[a:b, c:d] provides the submatrix of x with a to b


rows and c to d columns in R.

10
13 1 12 5
4 20 14 6
18. If 𝑥 = ( ) then which one of the following is the correct
5 3 16 7
16 8 12 8

command and its outcome for obtaining the inverse of the submatrix of the matrix x
with first three rows and last three columns?

a.
solve(X[1:3,2:4])=
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -0.02777778 0.05555556 -0.02777778
[2,] 1.69444444 0.11111111 -1.30555556
[3,] -3.86111111 -0.27777778 3.13888889

b.
inv(X[1:3,2:4])=
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -0.02777778 0.05555556 -0.02777778
[2,] 1.69444444 0.11111111 -1.30555556
[3,] -3.86111111 -0.27777778 3.13888889

c.
inv(X[1:3,2:4])=
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -0.02777778 1.6944444 -3.8611111
[2,] 0.05555556 0.1111111 -0.2777778
[3,] -0.02777778 -1.3055556 3.1388889

d.
solve((X[1:3,2:4]))=

11
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] -0.02777778 1.6944444 -3.8611111
[2,] 0.05555556 0.1111111 -0.2777778
[3,] -0.02777778 -1.3055556 3.1388889

Solution: The command x[a:b, c:d] provides the submatrix of x with a to b


rows and c to d columns in R. And the command solve(x) provides inverse of
x.

19. Suppose x is any vector as x=c(10, 80, 90, 101:200, NA) then
which one of the following is the correct outcome of the command mean(x)?
a. 147.8641

b. 96.2

c. Error...

d. NA

Solution: The command mean(x)returns NA value if at least one of the entries in x


is NA.

20. Which one of the following is the correct outcome of the command

(x < 15) || (x > 12) & (x < 15) && (x > 12)||(x == 17) when
x = 13 and when x = -13 ?

a. FALSE and FALSE respectively.

b. TRUE and TRUE respectively.

c. FALSE and TRUE respectively.

d. TRUE and FALSE respectively.

12
Solution: Using the Boolean algebra, (x < 15) || (x > 12) and (x < 15)
returns TRUE in both cases when x=13, and -13. (x > 12)||(x == 17) returns
TRUE when x=13, and FALSE when x=-13. Because of the OR argument after (x <
15) it returns TRUE no matter what other arguments are.

21. Suppose x = 13:16 then which one of the following is the correct outcome of
the command

(x > 13)&(x < 15) ?

a. FALSE TRUE FALSE FALS

b. TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE

c. TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE

d. FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE

Solution: It follows using the Boolean algebra.

22. Suppose x = 3:18 then which one of the following correctly specifies the
outcome of the following statement: x[(x > 14) & (x < 17)] and x[(x < 5)
| (x < 8)] ?

a. are different for both as 13 14 15 16 and 5 6 7 8 respectively.

b. are different for both as 15 16 and 3 4 5 6 7 respectively.

c. are different for both as 5 6 7 8 and 13 14 15 16 respectively.

d. are the same for both as 5 6 7 8

Solution: It follows using basic inequality that first expression gives numbers
between 14 and 17. The second expression gives less than 8.

13
23. Suppose x = 10:50 then which one of the following is the correct command to
know that which of the values in x are more than 30 and less than 40?

a. x[(x > 30) & (x < 40)]

b. (x > 40) & (x < 50)

c. x[(x >= 40) & (x >= 40)]

d. x[(x <= 40) & (x <= 40)]

Solution: It follows using basic inequality.

24. Suppose x = 45 then which one of the following is the correct outcome

of (x > 80) & (x < 70) and (x > 80) | (x < 70) ?

a. TRUE and FALSE respectively.

b. FALSE and FALSE respectively.

c. TRUE and TRUE respectively.

d. FALSE and TRUE respectively.

Solution: It follows using the Boolean algebra that first expression results in FALSE
& TRUE. Second expression results in FALSE | TRUE

25. Suppose x = 13:17 then which one of the following is the correct outcome of

x[(x > 12) | (x < 15)] ?

a. TRUE

b. FALSE

c. 13 14 15 16 17

d. 17 16 15 14 13

14
Solution: It follows using the fact that elements in x that are either greater than 12 or
less than 15 contains every element of x.

MOOC Course - Introduction to R Software

Answers of Assignment 2

1. d

2. b
3. c

4. a

5. c

6. b

7. d

8. d

9. a

10. c

11. c

12. a

13. a

14. c

15. a

16. b

17. b

18. a

19. d

20. b

21. a

15
22. b

23. a

24. d

25. c

16

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