AS

CHEMISTRY
7404/1
Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Mark scheme
June 2019
Version: 1.0 Final

*196A74041/MS*
 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Assessment Writer.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk

Copyright © 2019 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet
for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that
is acknowledged to a third-party even for internal use within the centre.

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Level of response marking instructions

Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The
descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as
instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme.

Step 1 Determine a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in
the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it
meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With
practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the
lower levels of the mark scheme.

When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If
the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be
placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content.

Step 2 Determine a mark

Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate
marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an
answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This
answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer
with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then
use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example.

You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Fluoride ion has (two) fewer protons/lower nuclear charge Do not allow fluorine, but allow fluorine ion 1
Any reference to different numbers of electrons in
Weaker attraction between nucleus and (outer) electrons the ions loses M1 1
01.1
Allow answers in terms of sodium ion but must be
explicit.
Ignore references to atomic radius

(Electrostatic) forces of attraction between oppositely charged Mention of IMF, covalent, macromolecular, metallic,
ions/Na+ and F– electronegativity of ions loses both marks 1
01.2
Lots of energy needed to overcome/break forces Allow strong ionic bonding 1
Allow strong forces/bonds of attraction (need to be
broken)

Type of Bond: Coordinate bond / dative (covalent) bond If just covalent, then do not award M1 but mark on 1
01.3
Explanation: A (lone) pair of electrons is donated from F Allow both electrons (in the shared pair) come from 1
F

Shape Lone pairs on H2F+ are essential (can be shown in 1

lobes)
+
Ignore missing charges 1

1
01.4
Name of shape Octahedral Bent / V-shaped / 1
angular Mark independently

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

∆H = ∑∆H(Bonds broken) - ∑∆H(Bonds Formed) Allow M1 if 2785 and 1996 seen

(or allow M1 if 1961 and 1172 seen)
-179 = 2(412) + 837 + 2(562) – [348 + 4(412) + 2(C—F)] 1

-179 = 2785 – (1996 +2(C—F))

01.5
2(C—F) = 968 1
M3 consequential on any M2 if it is clear that M2 is
C—F = 484 for 2(C-F)
1
-484 scores 2

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019
Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

(Sample is) dissolved (in a volatile solvent) Allow named solvent (eg water/methanol) 1

(Injected through) needle/nozzle/capillary at high voltage/positively Ignore pressure 1

charged
1
Each molecule/particle gains a proton/H+ Allow M3 from a suitable equation (ignore state
02.1
symbols)
Do not allow atoms gain a proton for M3

Ignore references to electron gun ionisation

Mark each point independently

02.2 C3H6O2N+ / C3H5O2NH+ Must be charged 1

Ge(g) + e– → Ge+(g) + 2 e– State symbols essential 1

OR
02.3 Ge(g) → Ge+(g) + e–

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

M1 v = length/t = 0.96 / 4.654 x 10 –6 Notes: 1

M1 = working (or answer)
v = 206274 m s–1

m = 2KE/v2

M2 mass of one ion = 1.146 x 10–25 kg M2 = answer conseq on M1 1

02.4
M3 = M2 x 6.022 x 1023 1
M3 mass of 1 mole ions = 1.146 x 10–25 x 6.022 x 1023 = (0.06901 kg)
1
M4 = 69(.01) g M4 = M3 x 1000
1
M3/M4 could be in either order

M5 mass number = 69 M5 must have whole number for mass no

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

(1s2) 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 Ignore commas

03.1 Or Do not penalise capitals and subscripts 1
(1s2) 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s13d5

57 Allow mass number and atomic number on RHS of Fe

03.2 26𝐹𝑒 1

% of 4th isotope = 3.6 Allow alternative methods 1

M2
M2: (52 x 82.8) + (53 x 10.9) + (54 x 2.7) + (50 x 3.6) =5209
(52 x 82.8) + (53 x 10.9) + (54 x 2.7) + (3.6𝑥) = 52.09 M3 1
100 Ar = 5209/100 = 52.09

03.3 M3: Or 1
𝑥 = 49.97 OR M2
179.9 = 3.6 𝑥 and 𝑥 = 50 (52 x 82.8) + (53 x 10.9) + (54 x 2.7) + (50𝑥) = 52.09
(evidence of working) 100

M3 awarded for 50𝑥 = 179.9 and then 𝑥 = 3.6

(evidence of working)

03.4 +6 / VI / six / 6+ 1

03.5 2 I– → I2 + 2 e- Allow multiples / ignore ss 1

03.6 Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 6 e– → 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O Allow multiples / ignore ss 1

Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 6 I– → 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O + 3 I2 Allow multiples / ignore ss

Allow
03.7 1
Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 8 I– → 2 Cr2+ + 7 H2O + 4 I2 as ecf to
03.6

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

Indicative Chemistry Content

04 This question is marked using levels of response.
Stage 1: General Trend (Li → Ne)
Level 3: ALL Stages with matching justifications 1a.1st IE increases
All stages are covered and the explanation of each stage is generally correct and 1b.More protons/increased
virtually complete. nuclear charge
5-6
1c.Electrons in same energy level
Answer is well structured with no repetition or irrelevant points. Accurate and clear / shell
expression of ideas with no errors in use of technical terms. 1d.No extra/similar shielding
1e.Stronger attraction between
Level 2: TWO Stages with matching justifications OR THREE Stages with nucleus and outer e OR outer e
incomplete justifications. closer to nucleus (ignore radius
All stages are covered but the explanation of each stage may be incomplete or may decreases)
contain inaccuracies OR two stages are covered and the explanations are generally
correct and virtually complete. Stage 2: Deviation Be → B
3-4
2a.B lower than Be
Answer shows some attempt at structure 2b.Outer electron in (2)p
Ideas are expressed with reasonable clarity with, perhaps, some repetition or some 2c.higher in energy than (2)s
irrelevant points.
Some minor errors in use of technical terms. If Al vs Mg then do not award 2a or
2b
Level 1: ONE Stage with matching justification OR TWO Stages with
incomplete justifications Stage 3: Deviation N → O
Two stages are covered but the explanation of each stage may be incomplete or 3a.O lower than N
may contain inaccuracies, OR only one stage is covered but the explanation is 3b.2 electrons in (2)p need to pair
generally correct and virtually complete. 3c.pairing causes repulsion (do
1-2
not award if it is clear reference to
Answer includes isolated statements but these are not presented in a logical order repulsion is in s orbital)
or show confused reasoning.
Answer may contain valid points which are not clearly linked to an argument If S vs P then do not award 3a or 3b
structure. Errors in the use of technical terms.
Level 0
0
Insufficient correct chemistry to gain a mark.
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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Amount of Nitrogen monoxide = 1.15 mol Answers to min 2sf 1

05.1
Amount of Chlorine = 0.825 mol 1

[NOCl]2
05.2 Kc = 1
[NO]2 [Cl2 ]

M1 = divides mole quantities by 0.800

[NOCl]2
1.32 x 10-2 = 2
1
[0.85⁄0.800] [0.458⁄0.800] M2 = evaluates [NOCl]2

M3 = √M2 1
[NOCl]2 =8.53 x 10-3 mol2dm-6
M4 = M3 x 0.800 (allow ecf on an incorrect volume 1
[NOCl] = 0.0924 mol dm-3 used in M1)
1
n(NOCl) = 0.0924 x 0.800 = 0.0739 mol If no division in M1 then max 3
05.3 M2 = 4.37 x 10-3
(answer to 2sf or more) M3 = 0.0661 mol dm-3
M4 = 0.0529 mol

If Kc upside down then can still score 4

M1 = divides mole quantities by 0.800
M2 = 48.96
M3 = 7.00 mol dm-3
M4 = 0.600 mol

Incorrect rearrangement loses M2

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Average titre = 26.45 cm3 M1 = average of concordant titres 1

n(NaOH) = (25 x 0.112 / 1000) = 2.80 x 10–3 mol M2 – this value only 1

n(acid in titre) = 2.80 x 10–3 / 2 = 1.40 x 10–3 mol M3 = M2/2 1

n(acid in 250 cm3) = 1.40 x 10–3 x 250/26.45 = 0.0132 mol M4 = M3 x 250/M1 1

06.1
Mr = mass / moles = 1.300/0.0132 = 98.2-98.5 M5 = (1.300/M4) = answer 1
Mr must be given to at least 1dp
Alternatives:
98.6 – scores 4
92.9 – scores 4
87.8 – scores 3
49.3 – scores 3
49.1 – scores 4

06.2 % uncertainty = 0.06/25.0 x 100 = 0.24 % 1

Some solution/acid replaces air bubble / Score for the idea that:
Solution/acid fills below the tap / Acid/solution replaces air/bubble/fills jet space
Air bubble takes up volume that would be filled by solution/acid
Allow acid/solution fills the bubble/gap
06.3 1
‘The final reading is higher than the volume added’
is not enough.

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Does not react (with the alkali) / does not change the number of Allow water is a product / water is not a reagent
06.4 1
moles (of alkali)

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Equation: 2 Mg + TiCl4 → Ti + 2 MgCl2 Allow multiples / ignore ss 1

07.1
Role: Reducing agent Allow electron donor (not electron pair donor) 1

M1 moles of water in 210 mg = mass / mr = 0.210 / 18

= 0.0117 mol ONLY M1 = moles of water
M2 = mass of Mg(OH)2 = M1 x 58.3
Equal to moles of magnesium hydroxide produced in stage one M3 = subtraction = 3.2 – M2
M4 = answer to M3 x 100/3.2
M2: mass of Mg(OH)2 = 0.0117 x 58.3 = 0.680 g
Alternative correct alternative methods such as
07.2 4
M3: mass of MgO = 3.2 – 0.68 M1 = moles of water
M2 = mass of Mg(OH)2 = M1 x 58.3
= 2.52 g M3 = M2 x 100/3.2
M4 = 100 – M3

M4: % of MgO = 2.52/3.2 x 100 = 78.7% M4: Allow 78.7 – 78.8 or 79 %

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Reagent: H2SO4 / Na2SO4 / any soluble sulfate If reagent incorrect then cannot score observations
(ignore conc for H2SO4)

Observation with NaCl: no (visible) change If reagent incomplete (e.g. SO42–), then lose M1 but
mark on
08.1 3
Observation with BaCl2: white ppt / white solid formed
Allow “no reaction”,”nvc”,”no change”;

Do not allow “nothing”,”no observation” and

observations by omission (e.g. no ppt)

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/1 – JUNE 2019

Reagent: H2SO4 / HCl / HNO3 If reagent incorrect then CE=0

If reagent incomplete (e.g. H+), then lose M1 but
mark on.
If reagent is acid and limewater, lose M1, but mark
on.

Allow “no reaction”; Do not allow “nothing”

Observation with NaCl: no (visible) change
Allow (CO2) gas produced
Observation with Na2CO3: effervescence/bubbles/fizzing
Allow “no reaction”,”nvc”,”no change”; Do not allow
“nothing”,”no observation” and observations by
omission (e.g. no fizzing)

OR If reagent = AgNO3 (not acidified) – do not allow

reagent mark, but allow white ppt for observation
Reagent: acidified AgNO3 with NaCl and white ppt for observation with
08.2 3
Na2CO3 (do not allow nvc for Na2CO3)

If acid given as HCl with AgNO3, then do not allow

reagent mark, but mark on.

Observation with NaCl: white ppt / white solid formed

Ignore references to ppt for observation with
Na2CO3
Observation with Na2CO3: effervescence/bubbles/fizzing Allow (CO2) gas produced

Allow “no reaction”,”nvc”,”no change”; Do not allow

“nothing”,”no observation” and observations by
omission (e.g. no ppt / no fizzing)

Allow alternative reagents (e.g. BaCl2) that would

distinguish in a single reaction.

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Question Marking Guidance Mark Comments

9 A 1

10 C 1

11 A 1

12 D 1

13 C 1

14 C 1

15 D 1

16 C 1

17 C 1

18 A 1

19 A 1

20 A 1

21 C 1

22 C 1

23 A 1

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