Calculation of Signage Connection On Footbridge

1
Calculations
00344 - Extension of Footbridge Network in Tsuen Wan
Project
Design Element Signages Connection on Footbridge A along Tai Ho Road
Designed Checked Page No
Revision A B C D E
Initials Date Initials Date
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
1 DESIGN STATEMENT
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 This calculation is for the structural design of the Signages on Footbridge A for the
Government Contract 00344 " Extension of Footbridge Network in Tsuen Wan - Footbridge
A along Tai Ho Road".
1.2 Principle Design Standards, Code and Regulations
1.2.1 Structures Design Manual for Highways and Railways Third Edition
1.2.2 BS5400- Part 3:2000
1.2.3 BS5400- Part 4:1990
1.2.4 BS 6399-2:1997 Loading for Buildings - Part 2: Code of Practice for Wind Load
1.3 Unit Weight
1.3.1 Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete 24 kN/m3
1.3.2 Density of Structural Steel 7850 kg/m3
1.4 Assumed Loading
Wind Load
1.4.2 Design Wind Pressure (refer to (Clause 2.3.1, SDM)
1.5 Material
Structural Steel
1.5.1 For the elastic properties of steel, the following values should be used.
Modulus of Elasticity, E 205000 N/mm2

Shear moduls, G 78846.15 N/mm2
Poisson's ratio, n 0.3
Coefficient of thermal expansion 0.000014 /°C
Reinforcement
2
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
1.5.2 Hot rolled reinforcement will be specified with the following properties.
Steel type fy (N/mm2) E (N/mm2)

High yield Deformed
460 200000
(Type 2)
Concrete
1.5.3 The proposed grade of concrete and cover to reinforcement is as follows.
Elastic Modulus fcu Cover

Grade
(kN/mm2) (N/mm2) (mm)
Footing 30/20 22.2 30 75
3
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
Soil
1.5.4 Compacted fill is assumed
Cohesion, c = 0 kPa
Friction Angle, φ' ° = 30 o
1.5.5 Assume maximum design bearing pressure of footing is

100 kPa
4
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
5
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
Loading of 1000x1500mm Signage Plan View

WIND
Height of sign pole = 2.4 m Mz
Height of sign face = 1 m
Width of sign face = 1.5 m
Width of sign pole = 0.1 m Sign Face
Loading:
Wind Load :
Cp = 1.8 (Clause 2.8.2, 6399)
Basic wind pressure,q = 1.2 kPa (Clause 2.3.1, SDM)
w = CfqzA
wsign = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1 m x 1.5 m
= 3.24 kN
wpole = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1.4 m x 0.1 m x 2

= 0.605 kN
My
Dead Load : WIND
Sign Plate = 0.034 kN/m2 x 1 m x 1.5 m = 0.051 kN
2.5m
Post = 0.148 kN/m x 2.4 m x 2 = 0.71 kN

Side View
Normal
= 0.71 kN + 0.051 kN = 0.761 kN
force,N
6
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
7
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
Loading of 1300x1000mm Signage Plan View

WIND
Height of sign pole = 2.4 m Mz
Height of sign face = 1.3 m
Width of sign face = 1 m
Width of sign pole = 0.1 m Sign Face
Loading:
Wind Load :
Cp = 1.8 (Clause 2.8.2, 6399)
Basic wind pressure,q = 1.2 kPa (Clause 2.3.1, SDM)
w = CfqzA
wsign = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1.3 m x 1 m
= 2.808 kN
wpole = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1.1 m x 0.1 m x 2

= 0.475 kN
My
Dead Load : WIND
Sign Plate = 0.034 kN/m2 x 1.3 m x 1 m = 0 kN
2.5m
Post = 0.148 kN/m x 2.4 m x 2 = 0.71 kN

Side View
Normal
= 0.71 kN + 0.044 kN = 0.755 kN
force,N
8
Calculations
Project
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 16-Jun-11
9
Calculations
Project 810B - West Kowloon Terminus Station South JEN 11139 HHL02
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY 23-May-11 HCKL 23-May-11
Sign Pole Design
For Pole:
100x100x 5mm thk. SHS (Grade = 275 N/mm2 )
Length of SHS = 2.4 m
Shear:
Load Factor for Wind = 1.2 x 1.1 = 1.32 (Cl 2.3.2(9), SDM)
Wind Load (From "Footing Design")
wsign = 3.24 kN
wpost = 0.605 kN
Shear, V = 3.24 + 0.605

= 1.32 x 3.845
= 5.075 kN
Load Factor for Dead Loa = 1.5 X 1.1 = 1.65 (Cl 2.1, SDM)
Normal = 1.65 x 0.761
force,N = 1.256
Moment (take moment on lower end of post):

Msign = wsign x ( 2.4 - 1 / 2 )
= 1.32 x 3.24 x 1.9
= 8.126 kNm
Mpost = wpost x 2.4 / 2
= 1.32 x 0.605 x 2.4 / 2
= 1.584 kNm Front View
Bending Moment = ( 8.126 + 1.584 ) / 2

for each pole, My = 4.855 kNm
Torsional Moment = wsign x 1.5 / 2 / 2

for each pole,Mtor = 1.32 x ( 3.24 x 0.75 ) / 2
= 1.604 kNm
1 Design strength
t = 5 mm <= 16 mm
py = 275 N/mm2 (Table 3.2, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
10
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
2 Classification
D/t = 17 <= 40e2 = 40(275/py) = 40
Class 1 Plastic (Table 7.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
3 Shear Capacity (Cl.8.2.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
A = 1890 mm2
0.6 A = 1134 mm
Vc = pyAv/30.5
= 275 x 1134 / 3 1 = 180 kN > 5.075 kN OK
11
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
4 Compression Capacity
Lex = 2 L (Table 8.6, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
= 2 x 2.4 m
= 4.8 m
ly = Le/ry
= 4800 / 38.7
= 124
pc = 267 N/mm2 (Table 8.8b, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Pc = Agpc
= 1890 mm2 x 267 N/mm2 / 1000
= 504.6 kN > 1.256 kN OK
5 Moment Capacity
Mc = pyS (Cl.8.2.2, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
= 275 x 67.1
= 18.45 kNm <= 1.2pyZ = 18.68
> My = 4.855 kNm OK
Section Capacity
Tension with moment: (Cl.8.8, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
F Mx M 0 + 0.00 + 4.85
  y 
Ae py Mcx Mcy 1890 x 275 18 18
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.26
= 0.26 < 1
∴ OK
Compression with moment: (Cl.8.9.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
F Mx My 1.26 + 0.00 + 4.85
  
Ag p c M cx M cy 1890 x 267 18 18
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.26
= 0.26 < 1
∴ OK
Member Buckling Resistance (Cl.8.9.2, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
F mMx mMy 1.26 + 0.00 + 4.85
   1890 x 267 18 18
Ag pc M b M cy
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.26
= 0.26 < 1
∴ OK
Moment Resistance to Lateral Torsional Buckling

Lateral torsional buckling need not to be checked for SHS.
(Cl.8.3.5.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel
2005)
12
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
6 Deflection checking (SLS)

Design Moment = 4.855 / 1.32 = 3.468 kNm
E = 200000 N/mm2
I = 28300000 mm4
Allowable Deflection = 2400 / 120

= 20 mm
Deflection = M/EI
= 6E-07 mm <= 20 mm OK
13
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
7 Weld Connection between SHS and horizontal steel member

Shear
Mt = 1.604 kNm = T x 100
T = 16.04 kN
Total Shear, F = V + T = 5.075 + 16.04 = 21.11 kN
weld thickness, t = 6 mm
Weld Area , Aweld = 100 mm x 6 x 2
= 1200 mm2
Effective Weld area, 0.7Aweld
,eff. Aweld = 0.7 x 1200
= 840 mm2
Design Strength of fillet weld, pw = 220 N/mm2
(Table 9.2a, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
The distance between welds = 100 mm
Shear force to be resisted by each pair of weld, = 21.11 kN
Moment 4.85496 x 10 6
Tension = = = 48549.6 N
D 100
Resultant stress,
(Total Shear Force) 2 (Total Tensile Force) 2
√ (σshear ) + (σtensile)
2 2 = √( (Effective Weld Area) 2
+
(Effective Weld Area) 2
)
= 21113.14 + 48549.60
√ ( 840 ) 2
( 840 ) 2
= 63.03 N/mm2 < 220 N/mm2 OK

14
Calculations
Project Tsuen Wan Footbridge A JEN 00344
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Sign Pole Design
For Pole:
100x100x 5mm thk. SHS (Grade = 316 N/mm2 )
Length of SHS = 2.4 m
Shear:
Load Factor for Wind = 1.2 x 1.1 = 1.32 (Cl 2.3.2(9), SDM)
Wind Load (From "Loading of 1000x1500mm Signage")
wsign = 3.24 kN
wpost = 0.605 kN
Shear, V = 1.32 x ( 3.24 + 0.605 ) / 2

= 1.32 x 3.845 / 2
= 2.538 kN
Load Factor for Dead Loa = 1.5 X 1.1 = 1.65 (Cl 2.1, SDM)
Normal = ( 1.65 x 0.761 kN ) / 2
force,N = 0.628 kN

Msign = wsign x ( 2.4 - 1 / 2 )
= 1.32 x 3.24 x 1.9
= 8.126 kNm
Mpost = wpost x 2.4 / 2
= 1.32 x 0.605 x 2.4 / 2
= 1.584 kNm Front View
Bending Moment = ( 8.126 + 1.584 ) / 2

for each pole, My = 4.855 kNm
Cp q
Bending Moment = ( 0.10 m x 2.4 m ) x 1.8 x 1.2 x 1.32
for each pole, Mx = 0.684 kNm
Torsional Moment = wsign x 1.5 / 2 / 2

for each pole,Mtor = 1.32 x ( 3.24 x 0.75 ) / 2
= 1.604 kNm
15
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
16
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Check for supporting SHS
I Section properties
Section: 100 x 100 x 5.0 SHS
A = 18.7 cm 2
Ix-x = 279.0 cm4 Zx = 55.9 cm3
tw = 5.0 mm Iy-y = 279.0 cm4 Zy = 55.9 cm3
tf = 5.0 mm rx = 3.9 cm Zpex = 66.4 cm3
sy = 316.0 N/mm2 ry = 3.9 cm Zpey = 66.4 cm3
syw = 316.0 N/mm2 L = 2400 mm J = 439.0 cm4
syf = 316.0 N/mm2 LT = 2400 mm
A Shape limitation: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl. 9.3)
Compression flanges in box sections (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl. 9.3.7.3.2)

b = B-2tw = 100.0 - 10 = 90.0 mm
24tf (355/syf)0.5 = 24 x 5.0 x ( 1.123 )0.5 = 127.2 mm
B Effective area: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.4)

1) Effective area (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.4.2)
For welding connection, Ae = Ag = 18.7 cm2
2) Effective web (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.4.2.5)
yc = 47.5 mm
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 = 8.963
twe = tw , if yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 <= 68 ;
twe = (1.425-0.00625yc/tw(syw/355) )tw , if 68 < 0.5
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 < 228 ;
twe = 0 , if yc/tw (syw/355) 0.5 >= 228
twe = 5 mm
C Effective length for lateral torsional buckling: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl. 9.6)
(refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.1)

the second moment of area of a cross-section about the axis of bending is equal to that about
an axis perpendicular to it therefore, Lex = 0 mm
Ley = 0 mm
D Slenderness: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.3.1)

h = 1
lLTx = 2.25hxx(ZpexLex/(rx(AJ)0.5))0.5 = 0
17
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
lLTy = 2.25hxy(ZpexLey/(ry(AJ)0.5))0.5 = 0
18
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
E Limiting moment of resistance (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.8)
Mpex = sycZpex = 316.0 x 6.64E+04 = 20982400 Nmm (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.1)
Multx = Mpex
Xt = lLTx((syc/355)(Multx/Mpex))0.5
Xt = 0
Lw = 2400 mm
Lex = 0 mm
Lex/Lw = 0
MRx = 1 Multx (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 11a)
MRx = 2.10E+07 Nmm
Mpey = sycZpey = 316.0 x 6.64E+04 = 2.10E+07 Nmm (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.1)

Multy = Mpey
Yt = lLTy((syc/355)(Multy/Mpey))0.5
Yt = 0
Lw = 2400 mm
Ley = 0 mm
Ley/Lw = 0
MRy = 1 Multy (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 11a)
MRy = 2.10E+07 Nmm
F The bending resistance moment: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.1.2)

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
MDx = MRx/(gmgf3) = 1.82E+07 Nmm
MDy = MRy/(gmgf3) = 1.82E+07 Nmm
G Shear resistance: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.2)

dw = 100 mm
hh = 0 mm
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
a = 2400 mm
ty = syw/30.5 = 182.4 N/mm2
dwe = 90 mm
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 16.98
bfe = min(10tf(355/syf) ,0,(B-2tf)/2) =
0.5 0 mm
19
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
mfw = syfbfetf2/(2sywdwe2tw) = 0
j = a/dwe = 26.67
tL = 1 ty (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figur 12 )
tL = 182.4 N/mm2
VD = tw(dw-hh)/(gmgf3)tL = 7.90E+04 N
20
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
H Axial resistance: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.10.6.1.1)
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
In strong axis:
Lex/rx (sy/355)0.5 = 0
rx/(D/2) = 0.772
scx = 1 sy (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 37, cu A )
In weak axis:
Ley/ry (sy/355)0.5 = 0
ry/(B/2) = 0.772
scy = 1 sy (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 37, cu A )
Therefore, sc = 316 N/mm2
PD = Aesc/gmgf3 = 5.12E+05 N
II Design loading
A Maximum axial load, shear force, bending moments about Y-Y
Check capacity:
Pmax = 0.63 kN OK
Vmax = 2.54 kN OK
Mymax = 4.85 kNm OK
B Combined bending and shear: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.3.2)
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
sf = min(syc,MR/Zxc) = 316 N/mm2
Afe = 500 mm2
Ff = sfAfe = 1.58E+05 N
df = 95.0 mm
Mfx = Ffdf/gmgf3 = 13.00 kNm No checking is required
mfw = 0
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 16.98
ty = syw/30.5 = 182.4 N/mm2
VR = tw(dw-hh)/(gmgf3)tL = 78.98 kN No checking is required
21
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Checking may need if the shear force or co-existent bending moment larger than V R and Mfx respectively
Critical load case: (Case should be added if necessary)
Load
M(KNm) V(kN) M/MD+(1-Mf/MD)(2V/VR-1) V/VD+(1-VR/VD)(2M/Mf-1) Checking
Case
1 - - -
22
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
C Combined bending and axial load: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4)
1) Yielding of beam (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4.1)

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
sy/gmgf3 = 273.6 N/mm2
Load Check for Yielding:
Pmax(kN) Mymax(kNm) Mxmax(kNm) Checking
Case P/Ae±Mx/Zx±My/Zy
1 0.63 4.85 0.68 99.43 OK
2) Buckling of a beam (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4.2)

within the middle third of length of the beam:
Load Check for Buckling:

Pmax(kN) Mymax(kNm) Mxmax(kNm) Checking
Case Pmax/PD+Mxmax/MDx+Mymax/MDy
1 0.63 4.85 0.68 0.31 OK
Welding
sy = 316 N/mm2
Fillet length = 8 mm
Effective throat, g 5.657 mm
sw = 0.5(sy+455) (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.1, BS5400-3)

= 385.5 N/mm 2
Mt = 1.604 kNm = T x 100

T = 16.04 kN
Total Shear, F = V + T = 2.538 + 16.04 = 18.58 kN
My = 4.855 kNm = N x 100

N = 48.55 kN
Total F1 = N + R = 48.55 + 0.628 = 49.18 kN
L = 100 mm
F1 = 49.18 kN Resultant Force
F2 = 18.58 kN F1
q = 69.31 °
Resultant Force = 52.57 kN
23
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
K = [3/(1+2cos2q)]0.5 (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.2, BS5400-3)

= 1.549 > 1.4
K = 1.4 F2
gm = 1.2 q
gf3 = 1.1
Capacity of a fillet wel = Ksw/(30.5gmgf3) (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.2, BS5400-3)
= 236.1 N/mm2
Pt / g = 92.93 N/mm2 < 236.1 N/mm2 OK

24
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Horizontal Steel Member Design
120x60x 5mm thk. RHS (Grade = 275 N/mm2 )

Length of RHS = 1.75 m
125 1500 125
150 1200 150
SW of RHS = 0.131 kN/m x 1.75 m x 1.4

= 0.321 kN 120x60x 5mm thk. RHS
Cf qz load factor
WindRHS = 1.8 X 1.2 x 1.75 x 0.06 x 1.4
= 0.318 kN
Shear, V = ( 21.11 + 21 ) / 2 + 0.318 / 2 60x60x6.3SHS@ 1200 c/c

= 42.23 / 2 + 0.318 / 2
= 21.27 kN Front View
SW N
Vertical
= 0.321 kN / 2 + 1.256 / 2
Reaction, R
= 1.577 / 2
= 0.789 kN
Mid-Span
= ( 1.26 X 0.15 ) x 2 + 0.131 ( 1.5 - 1.2 ) / 4
Moment ,My
= 0.387 kNm
Mid-Span
= 1.604 kNm
Moment ,Mx
Torsional Moment = 4.855 kNm

for each pole,Mtor
1 Design strength
t = 5 mm <= 16 mm
2 Classification
25
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
D/t = 17 <= 40e2 = 40(275/py) = 40

A = 1490 mm2
0.6 A = 894 mm
Vc = pyAv/30.5
= 275 x 894 / 3 1 = 141.9 kN > 21.27 kN OK
= 3 x 1.75 m
= 5.25 m
ly = Le/ry
= 5250 / 36
= 145.8 (Cl.8.7.6, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
pc = 155 N/mm2 (Table 8.8a, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Pc = Agpc
= 1490 mm2 x 155 N/mm2 / 1000
= 231 kN > 0.789 kN OK
26
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
5 Moment Capacity
= 275 x 50.7
= 13.94 kNm <= 1.2pyZ = 21.09
> My = 0.387 kNm OK
Section Capacity
F Mx M 0.78863 + 1.60 + 0.39
  y 
Ae py Mcx Mcy 1490 x 275 14 14
= 0.00 + 0.12 + 0.03
= 0.14 < 1
∴ OK
F Mx My 0.79 + 1.60 + 0.39
  
Ag p c M cx M cy 1490 x 155 14 14
= 0.00 + 0.12 + 0.03
= 0.14 < 1
∴ OK
F mMx mMy 0.79 + 1.60 + 0.39
   1490 x 155 14 14
Ag pc M b M cy
= 0.00 + 0.12 + 0.03
= 0.14 < 1
∴ OK

2005)

E = 200000 N/mm2
I = 3040000 mm4
(Table 5.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel
2005)
= 9.722 mm
Deflection = M/EI
= 5E-07 mm <= 9.722 mm OK
7 Weld Connection between RHS and SHS

27
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
= 960 mm2
,eff. Aweld = 0.7 x 960
= 672 mm2
Moment /2 0.386718 x 10 6
Tension = = / 2 = 3222.65 N
D 60
Resultant stress,
+
)
21271.90 3222.65
=
√ ( 672 )2 + ( 672 ) 2
= 32.02 N/mm2 < 220 N/mm2 OK

28
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09

Length of RHS = 1.92 m
210 1500 210
150 1200 150
SW = 0.212 kN/m x 1.92 m x 1.4

= 0.57 kN 140x80x 5mm thk. RHS
Cf qz load factor
WindRHS = 1.8 X 1.2 x 1.92 x 0.06 x 1.2
= 0.299 kN
Shear, V = ( 18.58 + 19 ) / 2 + 0.299 / 2 60x60x6.3SHS@ 1200 c/c

= 37.15 / 2 + 0.299 / 2
Change of shear between two support = 16.04 kN

Torsional moment = 19.25 kNm
SW N
Vertical
= 0.57 kN / 2 + 1.256 / 2
Reaction, R
= 1.826 / 2
= 0.913 kN
Mid-Span Moment ,My = 1.26 X 0.15 + 0.212 ( 1.2 2 / 8 - 0.15 2 / 2 )

+ 0.684
= 0.224 kNm
Mid-Span Moment ,Mx = 1.604 kNm + 0.299 kNm x ( 1.2 2 / 8 - 0.15 2 / 2 )

= 1.654 kNm
Torsional Moment = 4.855 kNm 37.92 10

induced by each
pole 8.438

29
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
I Section properties X
A = 16.4 cm 2
Ix-x = 287.0 cm4 Zx = 47.8 cm3
tw = 5.0 mm Iy-y = 96.0 cm4 Zy = 32.0 cm3
tf = 5.0 mm rx = 4.2 cm Zpex = 60.9 cm3 Y Y
sy = 316.0 N/mm 2
ry = 2.4 cm Zpey = 37.4 cm 3
syw = 316.0 N/mm 2

L = 300 mm J = 242.0 cm4
syf = 316.0 N/mm2 LT = 300 mm X
30
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
bfo = H-2tw = 60.0 - 10 = 50.0 mm
bfo = B-2tw = 120.0 - 10 = 110.0 mm
24tf (355/syf) 0.5 = 24 x 5.0 x ( 1.123 ) 0.5
= 127.2 mm > 110.0 mm OK

yc = 55 mm
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 = 10.38
twe = tw , if yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 <= 68 ;
twe = (1.425-0.00625yc/tw(syw/355) )tw , if 68 <
0.5
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 < 228 ;
twe = 0 , if yc/tw (syw/355) 0.5 >= 228
twe = 5 mm
(refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.1)
an axis perpendicular to it therefor Lex = 30 cm
Ley = 0 cm (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.4.1.1.1)

h = 1
x = [(Ix-Iy)(Ix-0.385J)/Ix2]0.25 = 0.819
lLTx = 2.25hx(ZpexLex/(ry(AJ)0.5))0.5 = 6.378
lLTy = 2.25hx(ZpexLey/(rx(AC)0.5))0.5 = 0

Mpex = sycZpex = 316.0 x 6.09E+04 = 1.92E+07 Nmm (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.1)
Multx = Mpex
Xt = 5.677
Lw = 600 mm
Lex = 300 mm
Lex/Lw = 0.5
MRx = 1 Multx (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 11b)
31
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
MRx = 1.92E+07 Nmm

Multy = Mpey
Yt = 0
Lw = 600 mm
Ley = 0 mm
Ley/Lw = 0
MRy = 1 Multy (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Figure 11b)
MRy = 1.18E+07 Nmm
32
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1

dw = 120 mm
hh = 0 mm
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
a = 600 mm
ty = syw/30.5 = 182.4 N/mm2
dwe = 110 mm
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 20.76
bfe = min(10tf(355/syf) ,0,(B-2tf)/2) =
0.5 0 mm
mfw = s b t /(2s d
yf fe f
2 2
t )
yw we w = 0
j = a/dwe = 5.455
tL = 182.4 N/mm2

Lex = 0.7L = 0.7 x ( 210 - 50 ) = 112 mm
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
In strong axis:
Lex/rx (sy/355)0.5 = 2.522
rx/(D/2) = 1.397
In weak axis:
Ley/ry (sy/355)0.5 = 0
ry/(B/2) = 0.807
33
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
I Torsion Checking
t = 4.855 kNm / ( 2 x 5.0 x 115.0 x 55.0 )

= 76.76 N/mm2
34
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
II Design loading
A Maximum axial load, shear force, bending moments about X-X
(from space gass 8.07b result) Check capacity:
Pmax = 0.00 kN OK
Vmax = 18.72 kN OK
Mxmax = 1.65 kNm OK
Mymax = 0.224222 kNm OK
tmax = 76.75826 N/mm2 OK
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
Afe = 600 mm2
Ff = sfAfe = 1.90E+05 N
df = 115.0 mm
Mfx = Ffdf/gmgf3 = 18.88 kNm > 0.22 kNm CHECK
mfw = 0
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 20.76
ty = syw/3 0.5 = 182.4 N/mm2
VR = tw(dw-hh)/(gmgf3)tL = 94.78 kN > 18.72 kNm No checking is required
Load
Case
1 - - -

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
35
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Pmax(kN) Mxmax(kNm) Mymax(kNm) Checking
1 0.00 1.65 0.22 41.61 OK


1 0.00 1.65 0.22 0.12 OK
36
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Welding
sy = 316 N/mm2

= 385.5 N/mm 2
Total Shear, F = V = 18.72 kN
My + Mtor = 0.224 kNm + 4.855 kNm = N x 60

N = 84.65 kN
Total Fy1 = N + R = 84.65 + 0.913 = 85.57 kN
L = 60 mm
F2 = 18.72 kN F1
q = 77.66 °

= 1.658 > 1.4
K = 1.4
F2
gm = 1.2 q
gf3 = 1.1
= 236.1 N/mm2
Pt / g = 100.4 N/mm2 < 236.1 N/mm2 OK

37
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
38
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
650
100x100x 5mm thk. SHS
Cable railing
125 mm Concrete Slab
P1
140x80x 5mm thk. RHS

*-
60x60x6.3SHS@ 1200 c/c

d
265
P2
Calculation for P1 and P2

Loading Loading factor
60x60x6.3SHS@1200 = 0.103 kN/m x 0.65 x 1.65 = 0.11 kN
60x60x6.3SHS = 0.103 kN/m x 0.702 x 1.65 = 0.119 kN
Cable railing = 0.6 kN/m x 1.65 x 1.2 = 1.188 kN
Cladding = 2.3 kN/m x 1.65 x 1.2 = 4.554 kN
Concrete Slab = 24.5 kN/m2 x 0.5 x 1.925 x 1.2 = 28.3 kN
Loading from RHS (From Horizontal Steel Member Design) = 0.789 kN
Maintenance LL = 0.5 kN/m2 x 0.65 x 1.375 x 1.2 = 0.536 kN
= 35.59 kN
Taking Moment at O
60x60x6.3SHS@1500 = 0.11 kN x 0.325 m = 0.036 kNm
60x60x6.3SHS = 0.119 kN x 0.325 m = 0.039 kNm
Cable railing = 1.188 kN x 0.65 m = 0.772 kNm
Cladding = 4.554 kN x 0.5 m = 2.277 kNm
Concrete Slab = 28.3 kN x 0.325 m = 9.197 kNm
Loading from RHS = 0.789 kN x 0.325 m + 4.855 kNm = 5.111 kNm
Maintenance LL = 0.536 kN x 0.325 m = 0.174 kNm
39
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
= 17.61 kNm
Horizontal Vertical
P1 = 17.61 kNm / 0.265 m = 66.44 kN ( 66.44 kN 10.51 kN )
d = 67.82 o
P2 = P1 / sind = 71.75 kN ( 66.44 kN 25.08 kN )
40
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Calculation for max. bending moment in horizontal SHS
Loading
SW = 0.103 kN/m x 1.65 = 0.17 kN/m
Cladding = 4.554 kN / 0.65 m = 7.006 kN/m
Concrete Slab = 28.3 kN / 0.5 m = 56.6 kN/m
Maintenance LL = 0.5 kN/m2 x 1.2 m = 0.6 kN/m
= 64.37 kNm
Max moment = wL2/8 + Loading from RHSx L/4
= 64.37 x 0.65 2 / 8 + 0.789 x 0.65 / 4
= 3.528 kNm
A = 13.1 cm2 Ix-x = 61.6 cm4 Zx = 20.5 cm3

tw = 6.3 mm Iy-y = 61.6 cm 4
Zy = 20.5 cm3
tf = 6.3 mm rx = 2.2 cm Zpex = 26.0 cm3
syw = 275.0 N/mm2 L = 650 mm J = 102.0 cm4
syf = 275.0 N/mm2 LT = 650 mm

b = B-2tw = 60.0 - 12.6 = 47.4 mm
24tf (355/syf)0.5 = 24 x 6.3 x ( 1.291 )0.5 = 171.8 mm
>= 47.4 mm OK!

yc = 26.85 mm
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 = 3.751
twe = tw , if yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 <= 68 ;
twe = (1.425-0.00625yc/tw(syw/355) )tw , if 68 < 0.5
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 < 228 ;
twe = 0 , if yc/tw (syw/355) 0.5 >= 228
twe = 6.3 mm
41
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
(refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.1)

an axis perpendicular to it therefore, Lex = 0 mm
Ley = 0 mm

h = 1
42
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09

Multx = Mpex
Xt = 0
Lw = 650 mm
Lex = 0 mm
Lex/Lw = 0
MRx = 7.15E+06 Nmm

Multy = Mpey
Yt = 0
Lw = 650 mm
Ley = 0 mm
Ley/Lw = 0
MRy = 7.15E+06 Nmm

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1

dw = 60 mm
hh = 0 mm
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
a = 650 mm
ty = syw/30.5 = 158.8 N/mm2
dwe = 47.4 mm
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 6.622
43
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
bfe = min(10tf(355/syf)0.5,0,(B-2tf)/2) = 0 mm
mfw = syfbfetf2/(2sywdwe2tw) = 0
j = a/dwe = 13.71
tL = 158.8 N/mm 2
44
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
In strong axis:
Lex/rx (sy/355)0.5 = 0
rx/(D/2) = 0.723
In weak axis:
Ley/ry (sy/355)0.5 = 0
ry/(B/2) = 0.723
45
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
46
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
II Design loading
Check capacity:
Pmax = 71.75 kN OK
Vmax = 35.59 kN OK
Mxmax = 3.53 kNm OK
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
Afe = 378 mm2
Ff = sfAfe = 1.04E+05 N
df = 53.7 mm
Mfx = Ffdf/gmgf3 = 4.83 kNm No checking is required
mfw = 0
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 6.622
ty = syw/30.5 = 158.8 N/mm2
VR = tw(dw-hh)/(gmgf3)tL = 51.96 kN No checking is required
Load
Case
1 - - -

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
47
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
1 66.44 3.53 0.00 222.80 OK


1 66.44 3.53 0.00 0.78 OK
48
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
III Welding
sy = 275 N/mm2
= 365 N/mm 2
Case 1 (P1)
L = 120 mm
F2 = 10.51 kN F1
q = 36.01 °
= 1.14 < 1.4
K = 1.14 F2
gm = 1.2
gf3 = 1.1 q
Capacity of a fillet wel = Ksw/(3 gmgf3)
0.5 (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.2, BS5400-3)
= 182 N/mm2
Pt / g = 132.1 N/mm 2
< 182 N/mm2 OK
Case 2 (P2)
L = 120 mm
F1 = 66.44 kN
F2 = 25.08 kN
q = 24.32 °
= 1.062 < 1.4
K = 1.062
gm = 1.2
gf3 = 1.1
= 169.5 N/mm 2
Pt / g = 139.5 N/mm2 < 169.5 N/mm2 OK
Case 3 (Vertical RHS - Bottom Chord)

L = 265 mm
49
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
F1 = 66.44 kN
F2 = 35.59 kN Assumed
q = 16.82 ° Teansile
Resultant Force = 75.37 kN Region
= 1.029 < 1.4
K = 1.029 265
gm = 1.2
gf3 = 1.1
1/g(P +PT2/K2)0.5
L
2
<= sw/(30.5gmgf3) (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.3, BS5400-3) Capacity of weld
1/g(PL2+PT2/K2)0.5 = 58.17 N/mm2
sw/(30.5gmgf3) = 159.6 N/mm2 OK
50
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
sy = 275 N/mm2

= 365 N/mm 2
Case 1 (P1)
L = 120 mm
F2 = 10.51 kN F1
q = 36.01 °

= 1.14 < 1.4
K = 1.14
F2
gm = 1.2 q
gf3 = 1.1
= 182 N/mm2
Pt / g = 132.1 N/mm2 < 182 N/mm2 OK
Case 2 (P2)
L = 120 mm
F1 = 66.44 kN
F2 = 25.08 kN
q = 24.32 °

= 1.062 < 1.4
K = 1.062
gm = 1.2
gf3 = 1.1
= 169.5 N/mm2
51
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Pt / g = 139.5 N/mm2 < 169.5 N/mm2 OK
52
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Case 3 (Vertical RHS - Bottom Chord)

L = 265 mm
F1 = 66.44 kN
F2 = 35.59 kN
q = 16.82 °
Assumed
K = [3/(1+2cos2q)]0.5 (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.2, BS5400-3) Teansile
= 1.029 < 1.4 Region
K = 1.029 265
gm = 1.2
gf3 = 1.1
1/g(PL2+PT2/K2)0.5 <= sw/(30.5gmgf3) (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.3, BS5400-3) Capacity of weld
1/g(PL2+PT2/K2)0.5 = 58.17 N/mm2
sw/(30.5gmgf3) = 159.6 N/mm2 OK
53
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Corner Radii Second Radius
Area of Section
Size Thick's Mass/m Moment of
Section Modulus
Ext'l Int'l of Area Gyration
B T ro ri M/m A I r Z
mm x mm mm mm mm kg/m cm 2
cm 4
cm cm3
1 20 2 3 2 1.1 1.4 0.739 0.727 0.739
2 20 2.5 3.75 2.5 1.32 1.68 0.835 0.705 0.835
3 25 2 3 2 1.41 1.8 1.56 0.932 1.25
4 25 2.5 3.75 2.5 1.71 2.18 1.81 0.909 1.44
5 25 3 4.5 3 2 2.54 2 0.886 1.6
6 30 2 3 2 1.72 2.2 2.84 1.14 1.89
7 30 2.5 3.75 2.5 2.11 2.68 3.33 1.11 2.22
8 30 3 4.5 3 2.47 3.14 3.74 1.09 2.5
9 40 2.5 3.75 2.5 2.89 3.68 8.54 1.52 4.27
10 40 3 4.5 3 3.41 4.34 9.78 1.5 4.89
11 40 3.2 4.8 3.2 3.61 4.6 10.2 1.49 5.11
12 40 3.6 5.4 3.6 4.01 5.1 11.1 1.47 5.54
13 40 4 6 4 4.39 5.59 11.8 1.45 5.91
14 40 5 7.5 5 5.28 6.73 13.4 1.41 6.68
15 50 2.5 3.75 2.5 3.68 4.68 17.5 1.93 6.99
16 50 3 4.5 3 4.35 5.54 20.2 1.91 8.08
17 50 3.2 4.8 3.2 4.62 5.88 21.2 1.9 8.49
18 50 3.6 5.4 3.6 5.14 6.54 23.2 1.88 9.27
19 50 4 6 4 5.64 7.19 25 1.86 9.99
20 50 5 7.5 5 6.85 8.73 28.9 1.82 11.6
21 50 6 9 6 7.99 10.2 32 1.77 12.8
22 50 6.3 9.45 6.3 8.31 10.6 32.8 1.76 13.1
23 60 2.5 3.75 2.5 4.46 5.68 31.1 2.34 10.4
24 60 3 4.5 3 5.29 6.74 36.2 2.32 12.1
25 60 3.2 4.8 3.2 5.62 7.16 38.2 2.31 12.7
26 60 3.6 5.4 3.6 6.27 7.98 41.9 2.29 14
27 60 4 6 4 6.9 8.79 45.4 2.27 15.1
28 60 5 7.5 5 8.42 10.7 53.3 2.23 17.8
29 60 6 9 6 9.87 12.6 59.9 2.18 20
30 60 6.3 9.45 6.3 10.3 13.1 61.6 2.17 20.5
31 60 8 12 8 12.5 16 69.7 2.09 23.2
32 70 3 4.5 3 6.24 7.94 59 2.73 16.9
33 70 3.2 4.8 3.2 6.63 8.44 62.3 2.72 17.8
34 70 3.6 5.4 3.6 7.4 9.42 68.6 2.7 19.6
35 70 4 6 4 8.15 10.4 74.7 2.68 21.3
36 70 5 7.5 5 9.99 12.7 88.5 2.64 25.3
37 70 6 9 6 11.8 15 101 2.59 28.7
38 70 6.3 9.45 6.3 12.3 15.6 104 2.58 29.7
39 70 8 12 8 15 19.2 120 2.5 34.2
40 80 3 4.5 3 7.18 9.14 89.8 3.13 22.5
41 80 3.2 4.8 3.2 7.63 9.72 95 3.13 23.7
42 80 3.6 5.4 3.6 8.53 10.9 105 3.11 26.2
43 80 4 6 4 9.41 12 114 3.09 28.6
44 80 5 7.5 5 11.6 14.7 137 3.05 34.2
45 80 6 9 6 13.6 17.4 156 3 39.1
46 80 6.3 9.45 6.3 14.2 18.1 162 2.99 40.5
47 80 8 12 8 17.5 22.4 189 2.91 47.3
48 90 3.6 5.4 3.6 9.66 12.3 152 3.52 33.8
49 90 4 6 4 10.7 13.6 166 3.5 37
50 90 5 7.5 5 13.1 16.7 200 3.45 44.4
51 90 6 9 6 15.5 19.8 230 3.41 51.1
52 90 6.3 9.45 6.3 16.2 20.7 238 3.4 53
53 90 8 12 8 20.1 25.6 281 3.32 62.6
54 100 3.6 5.4 3.6 10.8 13.7 212 3.92 42.3
55 100 4 6 4 11.9 15.2 232 3.91 46.4
56 100 5 7.5 5 14.7 18.7 279 3.86 55.9
57 100 6 9 6 17.4 22.2 323 3.82 64.6
58 100 6.3 9.45 6.3 18.2 23.2 336 3.8 67.1
59 100 8 12 8 22.6 28.8 400 3.73 79.9
60 100 10 15 10 27.4 34.9 462 3.64 92.4
61 120 4 6 4 14.4 18.4 410 4.72 68.4
62 120 5 7.5 5 17.8 22.7 498 4.68 83
63 120 6 9 6 21.2 27 579 4.63 96.6
64 120 6.3 9.45 6.3 22.2 28.2 603 4.62 100
65 120 8 12 8 27.6 35.2 726 4.55 121
66 120 10 15 10 33.7 42.9 852 4.46 142
67 120 12 18 12 39.5 50.3 958 4.36 160
68 120 12.5 18.75 12.5 40.9 52.1 982 4.34 164
69 140 5 7.5 5 21 26.7 807 5.5 115
70 140 6 9 6 24.9 31.8 944 5.45 135
71 140 6.3 9.45 6.3 26.1 33.3 984 5.44 141
72 140 8 12 8 32.6 41.6 1195 5.36 171
73 140 10 15 10 40 50.9 1416 5.27 202
74 140 12 18 12 47 59.9 1609 5.18 230
75 140 12.5 18.75 12.5 48.7 62.1 1653 5.16 236
76 150 5 7.5 5 22.6 28.7 1002 5.9 134
77 150 6 9 6 26.8 34.2 1174 5.86 156
78 150 6.3 9.45 6.3 28.1 35.8 1223 5.85 163
79 150 8 12 8 35.1 44.8 1491 5.77 199
80 150 10 15 10 43.1 54.9 1773 5.68 236
81 150 12 18 12 50.8 64.7 2023 5.59 270
82 150 12.5 18.75 12.5 52.7 67.1 2080 5.57 277
83 150 16 24 16 65.2 83 2430 5.41 324
84 160 5 7.5 5 24.1 30.7 1225 6.31 153
85 160 6 9 6 28.7 36.6 1437 6.27 180
86 160 6.3 9.45 6.3 30.1 38.3 1499 6.26 187
87 160 8 12 8 37.6 48 1831 6.18 229
88 160 10 15 10 46.3 58.9 2186 6.09 273
89 160 12 18 12 54.6 69.5 2502 6 313
90 160 12.5 18.75 12.5 56.6 72.1 2576 5.98 322
91 160 16 24 16 70.2 89.4 3028 5.82 379
92 180 5 7.5 5 27.3 34.7 1765 7.13 196
93 180 6 9 6 32.5 41.4 2077 7.09 231
94 180 6.3 9.45 6.3 34 43.3 2168 7.07 241
95 180 8 12 8 42.7 54.4 2661 7 296
96 180 10 15 10 52.5 66.9 3193 6.91 355
97 180 12 18 12 62.1 79.1 3677 6.82 409
98 180 12.5 18.75 12.5 64.4 82.1 3790 6.8 421
99 180 16 24 16 80.2 102 4504 6.64 500
100 200 5 7.5 5 30.4 38.7 2445 7.95 245
101 200 6 9 6 36.2 46.2 2883 7.9 288
102 200 6.3 9.45 6.3 38 48.4 3011 7.89 301
103 200 8 12 8 47.7 60.8 3709 7.81 371
104 200 10 15 10 58.8 74.9 4471 7.72 447
105 200 12 18 12 69.6 88.7 5171 7.64 517
106 200 12.5 18.75 12.5 72.3 92.1 5336 7.61 534
107 200 16 24 16 90.3 115 6394 7.46 639
108 220 6 9 6 40 51 3875 8.72 352
109 220 6.3 9.45 6.3 41.9 53.4 4049 8.71 368
110 220 8 12 8 52.7 67.2 5002 8.63 455
111 220 10 15 10 65.1 82.9 6050 8.54 550
112 220 12 18 12 77.2 98.3 7023 8.45 638
113 220 12.5 18.75 12.5 80.1 102 7254 8.43 659
114 220 16 24 16 100 128 8749 8.27 795
115 250 5 7.5 5 38.3 48.7 4861 9.99 389
116 250 6 9 6 45.7 58.2 5752 9.94 460
117 250 6.3 9.45 6.3 47.9 61 6014 9.93 481
118 250 8 12 8 60.3 76.8 7455 9.86 596
119 250 10 15 10 74.5 94.9 9055 9.77 724
120 250 12 18 12 88.5 113 10556 9.68 844
121 250 12.5 18.75 12.5 91.9 117 10915 9.66 873
122 250 16 24 16 115 147 13267 9.5 1061
123 260 6 9 6 47.6 60.6 6491 10.4 499
124 260 6.3 9.45 6.3 49.9 63.5 6788 10.3 522
125 260 8 12 8 62.8 80 8423 10.3 648
126 260 10 15 10 77.7 98.9 10242 10.2 788
127 260 12 18 12 92.2 117 11954 10.1 920
128 260 12.5 18.75 12.5 95.8 122 12365 10.1 951
129 260 16 24 16 120 153 15061 9.91 1159
130 300 6 9 6 55.1 70.2 10080 12 672
131 300 6.3 9.45 6.3 57.8 73.6 10547 12 703
132 300 8 12 8 72.8 92.8 13128 11.9 875
133 300 10 15 10 90.2 115 16026 11.8 1068
134 300 12 18 12 107 137 18777 11.7 1252
135 300 12.5 18.75 12.5 112 142 19442 11.7 1296
136 300 16 24 16 141 179 23850 11.5 1590
137 350 8 12 8 85.4 109 21129 13.9 1207
138 350 10 15 10 106 135 25884 13.9 1479
139 350 12 18 12 126 161 30435 13.8 1739
140 350 12.5 18.75 12.5 131 167 31541 13.7 1802
141 350 16 24 16 166 211 38942 13.6 2225
142 400 8 12 8 97.9 125 31857 16 1593
143 400 10 15 10 122 155 39128 15.9 1956
144 400 12 18 12 145 185 46130 15.8 2306
145 400 12.5 18.75 12.5 151 192 47839 15.8 2392
146 400 16 24 16 191 243 59344 15.6 2967
147 400 20 30 20 235 300 71535 15.4 3577
Torsional Section
Plastic ConstantsSurface
Modulus
Inertia Modulus Area
S J C As
cm 3
cm 4
cm 3
m2/m
0.93 1.22 1.07 0.0748
1.08 1.41 1.2 0.0736
1.53 2.52 1.81 0.0948
1.82 2.97 2.08 0.0936
2.06 3.35 2.3 0.0923
2.29 4.53 2.75 0.115
2.74 5.4 3.22 0.114
3.14 6.16 3.6 0.112
5.14 13.6 6.22 0.154
5.97 15.7 7.1 0.152
6.28 16.5 7.42 0.152
6.88 18.1 8.01 0.151
7.44 19.5 8.54 0.15
8.66 22.5 9.6 0.147
8.29 27.5 10.2 0.194
9.7 32.1 11.8 0.192
10.2 33.8 12.4 0.192
11.3 37.2 13.5 0.191
12.3 40.4 14.5 0.19
14.5 47.6 16.7 0.187
16.5 53.6 18.4 0.185
17 55.2 18.8 0.184
12.2 48.5 15.2 0.234
14.3 56.9 17.7 0.232
15.2 60.2 18.6 0.232
16.8 66.5 20.4 0.231
18.3 72.5 22 0.23
21.9 86.4 25.7 0.227
25.1 98.6 28.8 0.225
26 102 29.6 0.224
30.4 118 33.4 0.219
19.9 92.2 24.8 0.272
21 97.6 26.1 0.272
23.3 108 28.7 0.271
25.5 118 31.2 0.27
30.8 142 36.8 0.267
35.5 163 41.6 0.265
36.9 169 42.9 0.264
43.8 200 49.2 0.259
26.3 140 33 0.312
27.9 148 34.9 0.312
31 164 38.5 0.311
34 180 41.9 0.31
41.1 217 49.8 0.307
47.8 252 56.8 0.305
49.7 262 58.7 0.304
59.5 312 68.3 0.299
39.7 237 49.7 0.351
43.6 260 54.2 0.35
53 316 64.8 0.347
61.8 367 74.3 0.345
64.3 382 77 0.344
77.6 459 90.5 0.339
49.5 328 62.3 0.391
54.4 361 68.2 0.39
66.4 439 81.8 0.387
77.6 513 94.3 0.385
80.9 534 97.8 0.384
98.2 646 116 0.379
116 761 133 0.374
79.7 635 101 0.47
97.6 777 122 0.467
115 911 141 0.465
120 950 147 0.464
146 1160 176 0.459
175 1382 206 0.454
201 1578 230 0.449
207 1623 236 0.448
135 1253 170 0.547
159 1475 198 0.545
166 1540 206 0.544
204 1892 249 0.539
246 2272 294 0.534
284 2616 333 0.529
293 2696 342 0.528
156 1550 197 0.587
184 1828 230 0.585
192 1909 240 0.584
237 2351 291 0.579
286 2832 344 0.574
331 3272 391 0.569
342 3375 402 0.568
411 4026 467 0.559
178 1892 226 0.627
210 2233 264 0.625
220 2333 275 0.624
272 2880 335 0.619
329 3478 398 0.614
382 4028 454 0.609
395 4158 467 0.608
476 4988 546 0.599
227 2718 290 0.707
269 3215 340 0.705
281 3361 355 0.704
349 4162 434 0.699
424 5048 518 0.694
494 5873 595 0.689
511 6070 613 0.688
621 7343 724 0.679
283 3756 362 0.787
335 4449 426 0.785
350 4653 444 0.784
436 5778 545 0.779
531 7031 655 0.774
621 8208 754 0.769
643 8491 778 0.768
785 10340 927 0.759
408 5963 521 0.865
427 6240 544 0.864
532 7765 669 0.859
650 9473 807 0.854
762 11091 933 0.849
789 11481 963 0.848
969 14054 1156 0.839
447 7430 577 0.987
531 8825 681 0.985
556 9238 712 0.984
694 11525 880 0.979
851 14106 1065 0.974
1000 16567 1237 0.969
1037 17164 1279 0.968
1280 21138 1546 0.959
576 9951 740 1.02
603 10417 773 1.02
753 13006 956 1.02
924 15932 1159 1.01
1087 18729 1348 1.01
1127 19409 1394 1.01
1394 23942 1689 0.999
772 15407 997 1.18
809 16136 1043 1.18
1013 20194 1294 1.18
1246 24807 1575 1.17
1470 29249 1840 1.17
1525 30333 1904 1.17
1895 37622 2325 1.16
1392 32384 1789 1.38
1715 39886 2185 1.37
2030 47154 2563 1.37
2107 48934 2654 1.37
2630 60990 3264 1.36
1830 48695 2363 1.58
2260 60092 2895 1.57
2679 71181 3405 1.57
2782 73906 3530 1.57
3484 92442 4362 1.56
4247 112489 5237 1.55
64
Calculations
Revision A B C D E

Spaned Length of RH = 1.2 m
1050 1500 1050
150 150
1200 1200 1200
R1 R2 R1
SW of RHS = 0.131 kN/m x 1.2 m x 1.4
= 0.22 kN 120x60x 5mm thk. RHS
Cf qz load factor
WindRHS = 1.8 X 1.2 x 1.2 x 0.06 x 1.4
= 0.218 kN
Shear, V = ( 21.11 + 21 ) / 2 + 0.218 / 2 60x60x6.3SHS@ 1200 c/c

= 42.23 / 2 + 0.218 / 2
Tensile Force SW N
Reaction ,R = 48.55 kN + 0.22 kN / 2 + 1.256 / 2
= 48.66 kN + 1.256 / 2
= 49.29 kN
Bending = ( 48.66 X 0.75 ) x 2 + 0.22 ( 1.5 - 0 ) / 4

Moment = 73.07 kNm
1 Design strength
t = 5 mm <= 16 mm
2 Classification
D/t = 17 <= 40e2 = 40(275/py) = 40
A = 1490 mm2
65
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
0.6 A = 894 mm
Vc = pyAv/30.5
= 275 x 894 / 3 1 = 141.9 kN > 21.22 kN OK
= 3 x 1.2 m
= 3.6 m
ly = Le/ry
= 3600 / 36
= 100 (Cl.8.7.6, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
pc = 155 N/mm2 (Table 8.8a, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Pc = Agpc
= 1490 mm2 x 155 N/mm2 / 1000
= 231 kN > 49.29 kN OK
66
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
5 Moment Capacity
= 275 x 507
= 139.4 kNm <= 1.2pyZ = 210.9
> My = 73.07 kNm OK
Section Capacity
F Mx M 0 + 0.00 + 73.07
  y 
Ae py Mcx Mcy 1490 x 275 139 139
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.52
= 0.52 < 1
∴ OK
F Mx My 49.29 + 0.00 + 73.07
  
Ag p c M cx M cy 1490 x 155 139 139
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.52
= 0.53 < 1
∴ OK
F mMx mMy 49.29 + 0.00 + 73.07
   1490 x 155 139 139
Ag pc M b M cy
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.52
= 0.53 < 1
∴ OK

2005)

E = 200000 N/mm2
I = 3040000 mm4
(Table 5.1, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel
2005)
= 6.667 mm
Deflection = M/EI
= 9E-05 mm <= 6.667 mm OK
7 Weld Connection between RHS and SHS

67
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
= 960 mm2
,eff. Aweld = 0.7 x 960
= 672 mm2
Moment /2 73.07199 x 10 6
Tension = = / 2 = 608933.25 N
D 60
Resultant stress,
+
)
21222.00 608933.25
=
√ ( 672 )2 + ( 672 ) 2
= 906.7 N/mm2 > 220 N/mm2 CHECK

68
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
650
100x100x 5mm thk. SHS
Cable railing
125 mm Concrete Slab
P1
120x60x 5mm thk. RHS
60x60x6.3SHS@ 1200 c/c 265

d
P2
Calculation for P1 and P2

Loading Loading factor
60x60x6.3SHS@1200 = 0.103 kN/m x 0.65 x 1.65 = 0.11 kN
60x60x6.3SHS = 0.103 kN/m x 0.702 x 1.65 = 0.119 kN
Cable railing = 0.6 kN/m x 1.65 x 1.2 = 1.188 kN
Cladding = 2.3 kN/m x 1.65 x 1.2 = 4.554 kN
Concrete Slab = 24.5 kN/m2 x 0.5 x 1.925 x 1.2 = 28.3 kN
Loading from RHS (From Horizontal Steel Member Design) = 49.29 kN
Maintenance LL = 0.5 kN/m2 x 0.65 x 1.375 x 1.2 = 0.536 kN
= 84.09 kN
Taking Moment at O
60x60x6.3SHS@1500 = 0.11 kN x 0.325 m = 0.036 kNm
60x60x6.3SHS = 0.119 kN x 0.325 m = 0.039 kNm
Cable railing = 1.188 kN x 0.65 m = 0.772 kNm
Cladding = 4.554 kN x 0.5 m = 2.277 kNm
Concrete Slab = 28.3 kN x 0.325 m = 9.197 kNm
Loading from RHS = 49.29 kN x 0.325 m = 16.02 kNm
Maintenance LL = 0.536 kN x 0.325 m = 0.174 kNm
= 28.51 kNm
Horizontal Vertical
69
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
P1 = 28.51 kNm / 0.265 m = 107.6 kN ( 107.6 kN 43.47 kN )
d = 67.82 o
P2 = P1 / sind = 116.2 kN ( 107.6 kN 40.62 kN )
70
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Calculation for max. bending moment in horizontal SHS
Loading
SW = 0.103 kN/m x 1.65 = 0.17 kN/m
Cladding = 4.554 kN / 0.65 m = 7.006 kN/m
Concrete Slab = 28.3 kN / 0.5 m = 56.6 kN/m
Loading from RHS = 49.29 kN / 0.65 m = 75.83 kN/m
Maintenance LL = 0.5 kN/m2 x 1.2 m = 0.6 kN/m
= 140.2 kNm
Max moment = wL2/8 = 140.2 x 0.65 2 / 8
= 7.404 kNm
Check for supporting SHS 90 x 90 x 8
A = 13.1 cm2 Ix-x = 61.6 cm4 Zx = 20.5 cm3

tw = 6.3 mm Iy-y = 61.6 cm4 Zy = 20.5 cm3
tf = 6.3 mm rx = 2.2 cm Zpex = 26.0 cm3
syw = 275.0 N/mm2 L = 650 mm J = 102.0 cm4
syf = 275.0 N/mm2 LT = 650 mm

b = B-2tw = 60.0 - 12.6 = 47.4 mm
24tf (355/syf)0.5 = 24 x 6.3 x ( 1.291 )0.5 = 171.8 mm
>= 47.4 mm OK!
71
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
yc = 26.85 mm
yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 = 3.751
twe = tw , if yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 <= 68 ;
twe = (1.425-0.00625yc/tw(syw/355)0.5)tw , if 68 < yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 < 228 ;
twe = 0 , if yc/tw (syw/355)0.5 >= 228
twe = 6.3 mm
(refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.1)

the second moment of area of a cross-section about the axis of bending is equal to that about an axis perpendicular to it
therefore, Lex = 0 mm
Ley = 0 mm

h = 1

Multx = Mpex
Xt = 0
Lw = 650 mm
Lex = 0 mm
Lex/Lw = 0
MRx = 7.15E+06 Nmm

Multy = Mpey
Yt = 0
Lw = 650 mm
Ley = 0 mm
72
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
Ley/Lw = 0
MRy = 7.15E+06 Nmm
73
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1

dw = 60 mm
hh = 0 mm
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
a = 650 mm
ty = syw/30.5 = 158.8 N/mm2
dwe = 47.4 mm
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 6.622
bfe = min(10tf(355/syf) ,0,(B-2tf)/2) =
0.5 0 mm
mfw = s b t /(2s d
yf fe f
2 2
t )
yw we w = 0
j = a/dwe = 13.71
tL = 158.8 N/mm2

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
In strong axis:
Lex/rx (sy/355)0.5 = 0
rx/(D/2) = 0.723
In weak axis:
Ley/ry (sy/355)0.5 = 0
ry/(B/2) = 0.723
74
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
75
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09
II Design loading
(from space gass 8.07b result) Check capacity:
Pmax = 116.20 kN OK
Vmax = 84.09 kN CHECK!!
Mxmax = 7.40 kNm CHECK!!
gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
Afe = 378 mm2
Ff = sfAfe = 1.04E+05 N
df = 53.7 mm
Mfx = Ffdf/gmgf3 = 4.83 kNm CHECK
mfw = 0
l = dwe/tw(syw/355)0.5 = 6.622
ty = syw/30.5 = 158.8 N/mm2
VR = tw(dw-hh)/(gmgf3)tL = 51.96 kN CHECK
Load
Case
1 - - -

gm = 1.05
gf3 = 1.1
1 107.60 7.40 0.00 443.32 CHECK!!

76
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Date CKKY Jun-09

1 107.60 7.40 0.00 1.54 CHECK!!
77
Calculations
Project JEN 11139 HHL02
Design Element Stability Check of Signages on Footbridge A along Tai Ho Road
Revision A B C D E
Sign Pole Design
For Pole:
219.1 dia. x 8 CHS (Grade = 275 N/mm2 )
Length of CHS = 1.4 m
Shear:
Load Factor = 1.4 (Table 4.2, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Wind Load (From "Footing Design")
wsign = 3.24 kN
wpost = 0.605 kN
Shear, V = 3.24 + 0.605

= 1.4 x 3.845
= 5.383 kN
Normal = 1.4 x 0.761 kN

force,N = 1.066 kN Self Weight of Sign Plate

Msign = wsign x ( 1.4 + 1 / 2 ) Mx
= 1.4 x 3.24 x 1.9
= 8.618 kNm
Mpost = wpost x ( 1.4 - 1 ) / 2
= 1.4 x 0.60 x 0.4 / 2
= 0.28 kNm
Bending = 8.618 + 0.28

Moment, My = 8.898 kNm
Front View
Bending = weightsignLsign
Moment, Mx (From "Footing Design")
= 1.4 x 0.051 kN x ( 1.5 m / 2 + 1.4 m )
= 0.154 kNm
Torsional = wsign x 2.2 / 2

Moment,Mtor = 1.4 x ( 3.24 x 1.1 )
= 4.99 kNm
78
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
79
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
1 Design strength
t = 8 mm <= 16 mm
2 Classification
D/t = 27.4 <= 40e2 = 40(275/py) = 40
A = 5310 mm2
0.6 A = 3186 mm
Vc = pyAv/30.5
= 275 x 3186 / 3 1 = 505.8 kN > 5.383 kN OK
= 2 x 1.4 m
= 2.8 m
ly = Le/ry
= 2800 / 74.7
= 37.48
pc = 188 N/mm2 (Table 8.8b, Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Pc = Agpc
= 5310 mm2 x 188 N/mm2 / 1000
= 998.3 kN > 1.066 kN OK
5 Moment Capacity
= 275 x 357
= 98.18 kNm > 1.2pyZ = 89.1
> My = 8.898 kNm OK
> Mx = 0.154 kNm OK
Section Capacity
F M M 0 + 0.15 + 8.90
 x  y 
Ae py Mcx Mcy 5310 x 275 98 98
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.09
= 0.09 < 1
∴ OK
F Mx My 1.07 + 0.15 + 8.90
  
Ag p c M cx M cy 5310 x 188 98 98
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.09
80
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
= 0.09 < 1
∴ OK
F mMx mMy 1.07 + 0.15 + 8.90
   5310 x 188 98 98
Ag pc M b M cy
= 0.00 + 0.00 + 0.09
= 0.09 < 1
∴ OK

Lateral torsional buckling need not to be checked for CHS.
2005)
81
Calculations
Revision A B C D E

E = 200000 N/mm2
I = 29600000 mm4

= 11.67 mm
Deflection = M/EI
= 1E-06 mm <= 11.67 mm OK
7 Base Connection
Check for Base Plate
fcu = 20 N/mm2 (Assumed grade for existing concrete slab)
Pmax = M/Z < 0.6fcu
### / (b3/4) < 0.6 x 20
b > 143.7 mm
Provide 510 x 510 x 25 THK. Plate
Pmax = ### / ( 510 3 / 4 )
= 0.268 N/mm2
c = ( 510 - 100 ) / 2
= 205 mm
py = 265 N/mm2
t = 205 x ( 3 x 0.268 / 265 ) ^ 0.5
= 11.3 mm <= 25 mm OK
Check for Bolt

Tension force no. of bolts moment arm
M = 8.898 kNm = 4 x Ft x 195
Ft = 11.41 kN/Bolt
Provide 4 M 30 ISO 4.6
Design Tension strength, pt = 240 N/mm2 (Table 9.8, Code of Practice for the
Tensile Area, As = 561 mm2 Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Pt = Aspt (Cl.9.3.7.1, Code of Practice for the
= 134.6 kN >= 11.41 kN OK Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Shear
Mt = 4.99 kNm = 4 x T x 195
T = 6.397 kN/Bolt
Total Shear, F = V/4 + T = 5.383 / 4 + 6.397 = 7.74 kN/Bolt
(Table 9.5, Code of Practice for the
Design Shear strength, ps = 160 N/mm2 Structural Use of Steel 2005)
Ps = Asps (Cl.9.3.6.1.1, Code of Practice for the
= 89.76 kN >= 7.74 OK Structural Use of Steel 2005)
82
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Combine Shear and Tension

Fs / Ps + Ft / Pnom = 7.74 / 89.76 + 11.41 / 108 (Cl.9.3.8.1, Code of Practice for the
= 0.192 < 1.4 OK Structural Use of Steel 2005)
83
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
8 Embedded Length of Anchor Bolts

b = 0.28 (Cl.9.4.2(a)(i), Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
fcu = 20 N/mm2 (Assumed grade for existing concrete footing)
fbu = bfcu0.5
= 1.252 N/mm2
l = Ft/pdfbu (Cl.9.4.2(a)(i), Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005)
= 96.67 mm
Stiffener
9 Weld Connection between member/stiffener and steel plate
Weld Area of a stiffener, Aweld = 100 mm x 8 x 2
= 1600 mm2
,eff. Aweld = 0.7 x 1600 100
= 1120 mm2
The distance between sets of stiffener (couple effect) = 322 mm
Shear force to be resisted by each pair of stiffener, = 7.74 kN/Bolt x 2

= 15.49 kN
Moment 8.8984 x 10 6
Tension = = = 27634.78 N
D 322
Resultant stress,

+
)
= 15485.21 + 27634.78
√ ( 1120 ) 2
( 1120 ) 2
= 28.28 N/mm2 < 220 N/mm2 OK

84
Calculations
Revision A B C D E
Second Moment
Corner Radius Area of
Size Thick's Mass /m Of Area
Section
Ext'l Int'l Axis x-x Axis y-y
H B T ro ri M A Ix Iy
mm mm mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm 4
cm4
1 40 20 2 4 2 1.68 2.14 4.05 1.34
2 40 20 2.5 5 2.5 2.03 2.59 4.69 1.54
3 40 20 3 6 3 2.36 3.01 5.21 1.68
4 50 25 2 4 2 2.15 2.74 8.38 2.81
5 50 25 2.5 5 2.5 2.62 3.34 9.89 3.28
6 50 25 3 6 3 3.07 3.91 11.2 3.67
7 50 30 2 4 2 2.31 2.94 9.54 4.29
8 50 30 2.5 5 2.5 2.82 3.59 11.3 5.05
9 50 30 3 6 3 3.3 4.21 12.8 5.7
10 50 30 4 8 4 4.2 5.35 15.3 6.69
11 60 40 2 4 2 2.93 3.74 18.4 9.83
12 60 40 2.5 5 2.5 3.6 4.59 22.1 11.7
13 60 40 3 6 3 4.25 5.41 25.4 13.4
14 60 40 4 8 4 5.45 6.95 31 16.3
15 60 40 5 10 5 6.56 8.36 35.3 18.4
16 70 50 2 4 2 3.56 4.54 31.5 18.8
17 70 50 2.5 5 2.5 4.39 5.59 38 22.6
18 70 50 3 6 3 5.19 6.61 44.1 26.1
19 70 50 4 8 4 6.71 8.55 54.7 32.2
20 70 50 5 10 5 8.13 10.4 63.5 37.2
21 80 40 2 4 2 3.56 4.54 37.4 12.7
22 80 40 2.5 5 2.5 4.39 5.59 45.1 15.3
23 80 40 3 6 3 5.19 6.61 52.3 17.6
24 80 40 4 8 4 6.71 8.55 64.8 21.5
25 80 40 5 10 5 8.13 10.4 75.1 24.6
26 80 60 2 4 2 4.19 5.34 49.5 31.9
27 80 60 2.5 5 2.5 5.17 6.59 60.1 38.6
28 80 60 3 6 3 6.13 7.81 70 44.9
29 80 60 4 8 4 7.97 10.1 87.9 56.1
30 80 60 5 10 5 9.7 12.4 103 65.7
31 90 50 2 4 2 4.19 5.34 57.9 23.4
32 90 50 2.5 5 2.5 5.17 6.59 70.3 28.2
33 90 50 3 6 3 6.13 7.81 81.9 32.7
34 90 50 3.6 7.2 3.6 7.24 9.23 94.7 37.7
35 90 50 4 8 4 7.97 10.1 103 40.7
36 90 50 5 10 5 9.7 12.4 121 47.4
37 100 40 2.5 5 2.5 5.17 6.59 79.3 18.8
38 100 40 3 6 3 6.13 7.81 92.3 21.7
39 100 40 4 8 4 7.97 10.1 116 26.7
40 100 40 5 10 5 9.7 12.4 136 30.8
41 100 50 2.5 5 2.5 5.56 7.09 91.2 31.1
42 100 50 3 6 3 6.6 8.41 106 36.1
43 100 50 4 8 4 8.59 10.9 134 44.9
44 100 50 5 10 5 10.5 13.4 158 52.5
45 100 50 6 12 6 12.3 15.6 179 58.7
46 100 50 6.3 15.75 9.45 12.5 15.9 176 58.2
47 100 60 3 6 3 7.07 9.01 121 54.6
48 100 60 3.6 7.2 3.6 8.37 10.7 140 63.3
49 100 60 4 8 4 9.22 11.7 153 68.7
50 100 60 5 10 5 11.3 14.4 181 80.8
51 100 60 6 12 6 13.2 16.8 205 91.2
52 100 60 6.3 15.75 9.45 13.5 17.2 203 90.9
53 100 80 2.5 5 2.5 6.74 8.59 127 90.2
54 100 80 3 6 3 8.01 10.2 149 106
55 100 80 4 8 4 10.5 13.3 189 134
56 100 80 5 10 5 12.8 16.4 226 160
57 100 80 6 12 6 15.1 19.2 258 182
58 100 80 6.3 15.75 9.45 15.5 19.7 259 183
59 120 60 2.5 5 2.5 6.74 8.59 161 55.2
60 120 60 3 6 3 8.01 10.2 189 64.4
61 120 60 3.6 7.2 3.6 9.5 12.1 221 74.8
62 120 60 4 8 4 10.5 13.3 241 81.2
63 120 60 5 10 5 12.8 16.4 287 96
64 120 60 6 12 6 15.1 19.2 328 109
65 120 60 6.3 15.75 9.45 15.5 19.7 327 109
66 120 60 8 20 12 18.9 24 375 124
67 120 80 3 6 3 8.96 11.4 230 123
68 120 80 4 8 4 11.7 14.9 295 157
69 120 80 5 10 5 14.4 18.4 353 188
70 120 80 6 12 6 17 21.6 406 215
71 120 80 6.3 15.75 9.45 17.5 22.2 408 217
72 120 80 8 20 12 21.4 27.2 476 252
73 140 80 4 8 4 13 16.5 430 180
74 140 80 5 10 5 16 20.4 517 216
75 140 80 6 12 6 18.9 24 597 248
76 140 80 6.3 15.75 9.45 19.4 24.8 603 251
77 140 80 8 20 12 23.9 30.4 708 293
78 150 100 4 8 4 14.9 18.9 595 319
79 150 100 5 10 5 18.3 23.4 719 384
80 150 100 6 12 6 21.7 27.6 835 444
81 150 100 6.3 15.75 9.45 22.4 28.5 848 453
82 150 100 8 20 12 27.7 35.2 1008 536
83 150 100 10 25 15 33.4 42.6 1162 614
84 150 100 12 36 24 37.7 48.1 1207 642
85 150 100 12.5 37.5 25 38.9 49.5 1225 651
86 160 80 4 8 4 14.2 18.1 598 204
87 160 80 5 10 5 17.5 22.4 722 244
88 160 80 6 12 6 20.7 26.4 836 281
89 160 80 6.3 15.75 9.45 21.4 27.3 846 286
90 160 80 8 20 12 26.4 33.6 1001 335
91 160 80 10 25 15 31.8 40.6 1146 380
92 160 80 12 36 24 35.8 45.7 1171 391
93 160 80 12.5 37.5 25 36.9 47 1185 396
94 180 100 4 8 4 16.8 21.3 926 374
95 180 100 5 10 5 20.7 26.4 1124 452
96 180 100 6 12 6 24.5 31.2 1310 524
97 180 100 6.3 15.75 9.45 25.4 32.3 1335 536
98 180 100 8 20 12 31.4 40 1598 637
99 180 100 10 25 15 38.1 48.6 1859 736
100 180 100 12 36 24 43.4 55.3 1965 782
101 180 100 12.5 37.5 25 44.8 57 2001 796
102 200 100 4 8 4 18 22.9 1200 411
103 200 100 5 10 5 22.3 28.4 1459 497
104 200 100 6 12 6 26.4 33.6 1703 577
105 200 100 6.3 15.75 9.45 27.4 34.8 1739 591
106 200 100 8 20 12 33.9 43.2 2091 705
107 200 100 10 25 15 41.3 52.6 2444 818
108 200 100 12 36 24 47.1 60.1 2607 876
109 200 100 12.5 37.5 25 48.7 62 2659 892
110 200 120 4 8 4 19.3 24.5 1353 618
111 200 120 5 10 5 23.8 30.4 1649 750
112 200 120 6 12 6 28.3 36 1929 874
113 200 120 6.3 15.75 9.45 29.3 37.4 1976 898
114 200 120 8 20 12 36.5 46.4 2386 1079
115 200 120 10 25 15 44.4 56.6 2806 1262
116 200 120 12 36 24 50.9 64.9 3031 1368
117 200 120 12.5 37.5 25 52.6 67 3099 1397
118 250 100 5 10 5 26.2 33.4 2554 610
119 250 100 6 12 6 31.1 39.6 2992 710
120 250 100 6.3 15.75 9.45 32.3 41.1 3066 730
121 250 100 8 20 12 40.2 51.2 3714 875
122 250 100 10 25 15 49.1 62.6 4384 1021
123 250 100 12.5 37.5 25 58.5 74.5 4868 1133
124 250 150 5 10 5 30.1 38.4 3304 1508
125 250 150 6 12 6 35.8 45.6 3886 1768
126 250 150 6.3 15.75 9.45 37.2 47.4 4001 1825
127 250 150 8 20 12 46.5 59.2 4886 2219
128 250 150 10 25 15 57 72.6 5825 2634
129 250 150 12 36 24 66 84.1 6458 2925
130 250 150 12.5 37.5 25 68.3 87 6633 3002
131 250 150 16 48 32 83.8 107 7660 3453
132 260 180 5 10 5 33.2 42.4 4121 2350
133 260 180 6.3 15.75 9.45 41.2 52.5 5013 2856
134 260 180 8 20 12 51.5 65.6 6145 3493
135 260 180 10 25 15 63.2 80.6 7363 4174
136 260 180 12 36 24 73.5 93.7 8245 4679
137 260 180 12.5 37.5 25 76.2 97 8482 4812
138 260 180 16 48 32 93.9 120 9923 5614
139 300 100 6 12 6 35.8 45.6 4777 842
140 300 100 6.3 15.75 9.45 37.2 47.4 4907 868
141 300 100 8 20 12 46.5 59.2 5978 1045
142 300 100 10 25 15 57 72.6 7106 1224
143 300 100 12 36 24 66 84.1 7808 1343
144 300 100 12.5 37.5 25 68.3 87 8010 1374
145 300 100 16 48 32 83.8 107 9157 1543
146 300 150 6 12 6 40.5 51.6 6074 2080
147 300 150 6.3 15.75 9.45 42.2 53.7 6266 2150
148 300 150 8 20 12 52.8 67.2 7684 2623
149 300 150 10 25 15 64.8 82.6 9209 3125
150 300 150 12 36 24 75.4 96.1 10298 3498
151 300 150 12.5 37.5 25 78.1 99.5 10594 3595
152 300 150 16 48 32 96.4 123 12387 4174
153 300 200 6 12 6 45.2 57.6 7370 3962
154 300 200 6.3 15.75 9.45 47.1 60 7624 4104
155 300 200 8 20 12 59.1 75.2 9389 5042
156 300 200 10 25 15 72.7 92.6 11313 6058
157 300 200 12 36 24 84.8 108 12788 6854
158 300 200 12.5 37.5 25 88 112 13179 7060
159 300 200 16 48 32 109 139 15617 8340
160 350 250 6 12 6 54.7 69.6 12457 7458
161 350 250 6.3 15.75 9.45 57 72.6 12923 7744
162 350 250 8 20 12 71.6 91.2 16001 9573
163 350 250 10 25 15 88.4 113 19407 11588
164 350 250 12 36 24 104 132 22197 13261
165 350 250 12.5 37.5 25 108 137 22922 13690
166 350 250 16 48 32 134 171 27580 16434
167 400 200 8 20 12 71.6 91.2 18974 6517
168 400 200 10 25 15 88.4 113 23003 7864
169 400 200 12.5 37.5 25 108 137 27100 9260
170 400 200 16 48 32 134 171 32547 11056
171 400 300 8 20 12 84.2 107 25122 16212
172 400 300 10 25 15 104 133 30609 19726
173 400 300 12 36 24 123 156 35284 22747
174 400 300 12.5 37.5 25 127 162 36489 23517
175 400 300 16 48 32 159 203 44350 28535
Second Moment
Corner Radius Area of
Size Thick's Mass /m Of Area
Section
Ext'l Int'l Axis x-x Axis y-y
H B T ro ri M A Ix Iy
mm mm mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm4 cm4
Radius Of Torsional Section
Section Modulus Plastic Modulus
Gyration Constants Surface
Axis x-x Axis y-y Axis x-x Axis y-y Axis x-x Axis y-y Inertia Modulus Area
rx ry Zx Zy Sx Sy J C As
cm cm cm 3
cm 3
cm 3
cm 3
cm 4
cm3 m2/m
1.38 0.793 2.02 1.34 2.61 1.6 3.45 2.36 0.113
1.35 0.77 2.35 1.54 3.09 1.88 4.06 2.72 0.111
1.32 0.748 2.6 1.68 3.5 2.12 4.57 3 0.11
1.75 1.01 3.35 2.25 4.26 2.62 7.06 3.92 0.143
1.72 0.991 3.95 2.62 5.11 3.12 8.43 4.6 0.141
1.69 0.969 4.47 2.93 5.86 3.56 9.64 5.18 0.14
1.8 1.21 3.81 2.86 4.74 3.33 9.77 4.84 0.153
1.77 1.19 4.52 3.37 5.7 3.98 11.7 5.72 0.151
1.75 1.16 5.13 3.8 6.57 4.58 13.5 6.49 0.15
1.69 1.12 6.1 4.46 8.05 5.58 16.5 7.71 0.146
2.22 1.62 6.14 4.92 7.47 5.65 20.7 8.12 0.193
2.19 1.6 7.36 5.87 9.06 6.84 25.1 9.72 0.191
2.17 1.58 8.46 6.72 10.5 7.94 29.3 11.2 0.19
2.11 1.53 10.3 8.14 13.2 9.89 36.7 13.7 0.186
2.06 1.48 11.8 9.21 15.4 11.5 42.8 15.6 0.183
2.63 2.03 8.99 7.5 10.8 8.58 37.5 12.2 0.233
2.61 2.01 10.9 9.04 13.2 10.4 45.8 14.7 0.231
2.58 1.99 12.6 10.4 15.4 12.2 53.6 17.1 0.23
2.53 1.94 15.6 12.9 19.5 15.4 68.1 21.2 0.226
2.48 1.9 18.1 14.9 23.1 18.2 80.8 24.6 0.223
2.87 1.67 9.34 6.36 11.6 7.17 30.9 11 0.233
2.84 1.65 11.3 7.63 14.1 8.72 37.6 13.2 0.231
2.81 1.63 13.1 8.78 16.5 10.2 43.9 15.3 0.23
2.75 1.59 16.2 10.7 20.9 12.8 55.2 18.8 0.226
2.69 1.54 18.8 12.3 24.7 15 65 21.7 0.223
3.05 2.44 12.4 10.6 14.7 12.1 61.2 17.1 0.273
3.02 2.42 15 12.9 18 14.8 75.1 20.7 0.271
3 2.4 17.5 15 21.2 17.4 88.3 24.1 0.27
2.94 2.35 22 18.7 27 22.1 113 30.3 0.266
2.89 2.31 25.8 21.9 32.2 26.4 136 35.7 0.263
3.29 2.09 12.9 9.35 15.7 10.5 53.4 15.9 0.273
3.27 2.07 15.6 11.3 19.3 12.8 65.3 19.2 0.271
3.24 2.05 18.2 13.1 22.6 15 76.7 22.4 0.27
3.2 2.02 21.1 15.1 26.4 17.5 89.6 25.8 0.268
3.18 2 22.8 16.3 28.8 19.1 97.7 28 0.266
3.12 1.96 26.8 18.9 34.4 22.7 116 32.7 0.263
3.47 1.69 15.9 9.39 20.2 10.6 50.5 16.8 0.271
3.44 1.67 18.5 10.8 23.7 12.4 59 19.4 0.27
3.38 1.62 23.1 13.3 30.3 15.7 74.5 24 0.266
3.31 1.58 27.1 15.4 36.1 18.5 87.9 27.9 0.263
3.59 2.09 18.2 12.4 22.7 14 75.4 21.5 0.291
3.56 2.07 21.3 14.4 26.7 16.4 88.6 25 0.29
3.5 2.03 26.8 18 34.1 20.9 113 31.3 0.286
3.44 1.98 31.6 21 40.8 25 135 36.8 0.283
3.38 1.94 35.8 23.5 46.9 28.5 154 41.4 0.279
3.32 1.91 35.1 23.3 46.9 28.6 158 42.1 0.273
3.66 2.46 24.1 18.2 29.6 20.8 122 30.6 0.31
3.63 2.44 28 21.1 34.7 24.3 143 35.6 0.308
3.6 2.42 30.5 22.9 37.9 26.6 156 38.7 0.306
3.55 2.37 36.2 26.9 45.6 31.9 188 45.8 0.303
3.49 2.33 41.1 30.4 52.5 36.6 216 51.9 0.299
3.44 2.3 40.7 30.3 52.8 36.9 223 53 0.293
3.84 3.24 25.4 22.5 30 25.8 166 35.7 0.351
3.82 3.22 29.8 26.4 35.4 30.4 196 41.9 0.35
3.77 3.17 37.9 33.5 45.6 39.2 254 53.4 0.346
3.72 3.12 45.2 39.9 55.1 47.2 308 63.7 0.343
3.67 3.08 51.7 45.5 63.8 54.7 357 73 0.339
3.62 3.04 51.8 45.7 64.6 55.4 371 75 0.333
4.33 2.53 26.9 18.4 33.2 20.6 133 31.7 0.351
4.3 2.51 31.5 21.5 39.2 24.2 156 37.1 0.35
4.27 2.48 36.8 24.9 46.1 28.4 184 43.2 0.348
4.25 2.47 40.1 27.1 50.5 31.1 201 47 0.346
4.19 2.42 47.8 32 60.9 37.4 242 55.8 0.343
4.13 2.38 54.7 36.3 70.6 43.1 280 63.6 0.339
4.07 2.35 54.5 36.4 71.2 43.7 289 65.1 0.333
3.95 2.27 62.6 41.3 84.1 51.3 340 75 0.326
4.49 3.29 38.4 30.9 46.2 35 255 50.8 0.39
4.44 3.24 49.1 39.3 59.8 45.2 331 64.9 0.386
4.39 3.2 58.9 46.9 72.4 54.7 402 77.8 0.383
4.33 3.15 67.7 53.8 84.3 63.5 469 89.4 0.379
4.28 3.12 68.1 54.3 85.6 64.7 488 92.1 0.373
4.18 3.04 79.3 62.9 102 76.9 584 108 0.366
5.1 3.3 61.4 45.1 75.5 51.3 412 76.5 0.426
5.04 3.26 73.9 54 91.8 62.2 501 91.8 0.423
4.98 3.21 85.3 62 107 72.4 584 106 0.419
4.93 3.19 86.1 62.9 109 74 609 109 0.413
4.82 3.1 101 73.3 131 88.4 731 129 0.406
5.6 4.1 79.3 63.7 95.7 72.5 662 105 0.486
5.55 4.05 95.9 76.8 117 88.3 809 127 0.483
5.5 4.01 111 88.8 137 103 948 147 0.479
5.45 3.98 113 90.5 140 106 992 152 0.473
5.35 3.9 134 107 169 128 1206 182 0.466
5.22 3.8 155 123 199 150 1426 211 0.457
5.01 3.65 161 128 215 163 1573 229 0.438
4.97 3.63 163 130 220 166 1606 233 0.436
5.74 3.35 74.7 50.9 92.9 57.4 494 88 0.466
5.68 3.3 90.2 61 113 69.7 601 106 0.463
5.62 3.26 105 70.2 132 81.3 702 122 0.459
5.57 3.24 106 71.4 135 83.3 732 126 0.453
5.46 3.16 125 83.7 163 100 882 150 0.446
5.32 3.06 143 95 191 117 1031 172 0.437
5.06 2.93 146 97.8 204 125 1111 183 0.418
5.02 2.9 148 98.9 208 127 1129 185 0.416
6.59 4.18 103 74.8 126 84 854 127 0.546
6.53 4.14 125 90.4 154 103 1045 154 0.543
6.48 4.1 146 105 181 120 1227 179 0.539
6.43 4.07 148 107 186 124 1283 185 0.533
6.32 3.99 178 127 226 150 1565 222 0.526
6.19 3.89 207 147 268 177 1859 260 0.517
5.96 3.76 218 156 292 194 2073 285 0.498
5.92 3.74 222 159 300 199 2122 290 0.496
7.23 4.23 120 82.2 148 91.7 985 142 0.586
7.17 4.19 146 99.4 181 112 1206 172 0.583
7.12 4.14 170 115 213 132 1417 200 0.579
7.06 4.12 174 118 219 135 1483 208 0.573
6.95 4.04 209 141 267 165 1811 250 0.566
6.82 3.94 244 164 318 195 2154 292 0.557
6.59 3.82 261 175 350 215 2414 322 0.538
6.55 3.79 266 178 359 221 2474 329 0.536
7.43 5.02 135 103 164 115 1345 172 0.626
7.37 4.97 165 125 201 141 1652 210 0.623
7.32 4.93 193 146 237 166 1947 245 0.619
7.27 4.9 198 150 244 172 2040 255 0.613
7.17 4.82 239 180 298 209 2507 308 0.606
7.04 4.72 281 210 356 250 3007 364 0.597
6.84 4.59 303 228 395 278 3419 406 0.578
6.8 4.57 310 233 406 285 3514 416 0.576
8.75 4.28 204 122 259 136 1620 217 0.683
8.69 4.23 239 142 305 160 1905 253 0.679
8.63 4.21 245 146 314 165 1993 263 0.673
8.51 4.13 297 175 385 201 2439 317 0.666
8.37 4.04 351 204 462 240 2910 373 0.657
8.08 3.9 389 227 530 275 3373 425 0.636
9.28 6.27 264 201 320 225 3285 337 0.783
9.23 6.23 311 236 378 266 3886 396 0.779
9.18 6.2 320 243 391 276 4078 412 0.773
9.08 6.12 391 296 482 340 5050 504 0.766
8.96 6.02 466 351 582 409 6121 602 0.757
8.77 5.9 517 390 658 463 7088 684 0.738
8.73 5.87 531 400 678 477 7315 704 0.736
8.47 5.69 613 460 805 566 8713 823 0.718
9.86 7.45 317 261 377 294 4695 426 0.863
9.77 7.38 386 317 463 361 5844 523 0.853
9.68 7.29 473 388 573 446 7267 642 0.846
9.56 7.2 566 464 694 540 8850 772 0.837
9.38 7.07 634 520 790 615 10328 884 0.818
9.35 7.04 652 535 815 635 10676 911 0.816
9.11 6.85 763 624 977 759 12890 1079 0.798
10.2 4.3 318 168 411 188 2403 306 0.779
10.2 4.28 327 174 425 194 2515 318 0.773
10 4.2 399 209 523 238 3080 385 0.766
9.9 4.11 474 245 631 285 3681 455 0.757
9.64 4 521 269 710 321 4177 508 0.738
9.59 3.97 534 275 732 330 4292 521 0.736
9.26 3.8 610 309 865 386 4939 592 0.718
10.8 6.35 405 277 500 309 4988 479 0.879
10.8 6.32 418 287 517 321 5234 499 0.873
10.7 6.25 512 350 640 396 6491 612 0.866
10.6 6.15 614 417 776 479 7879 733 0.857
10.4 6.03 687 466 883 546 9153 837 0.838
10.3 6.01 706 479 912 563 9452 862 0.836
10 5.83 826 557 1092 673 11328 1015 0.818
11.3 8.29 491 396 588 446 8115 651 0.979
11.3 8.27 508 410 610 463 8524 680 0.973
11.2 8.19 626 504 757 574 10627 838 0.966
11.1 8.09 754 606 921 698 12987 1012 0.957
10.9 7.96 853 685 1056 801 15236 1167 0.938
10.8 7.94 879 706 1091 828 15768 1204 0.936
10.6 7.75 1041 834 1319 1000 19223 1442 0.918
13.4 10.3 712 597 843 671 14554 967 1.18
13.3 10.3 738 620 876 698 15291 1010 1.17
13.2 10.2 914 766 1092 869 19136 1253 1.17
13.1 10.1 1109 927 1335 1062 23500 1522 1.16
13 10 1268 1061 1544 1229 27749 1770 1.14
12.9 9.99 1310 1095 1598 1272 28764 1830 1.14
12.7 9.81 1576 1315 1954 1554 35497 2220 1.12
14.4 8.45 949 652 1173 728 15820 1133 1.17
14.3 8.36 1150 786 1434 888 19368 1373 1.16
14.1 8.22 1355 926 1714 1062 23594 1644 1.14
13.8 8.05 1627 1106 2093 1294 28928 1984 1.12
15.3 12.3 1256 1081 1487 1224 31179 1747 1.37
15.2 12.2 1530 1315 1824 1501 38407 2132 1.36
15 12.1 1764 1516 2122 1747 45527 2492 1.34
15 12 1824 1568 2198 1810 47237 2580 1.34
14.8 11.9 2218 1902 2708 2228 58730 3159 1.32
Radius Of Torsional Section
Section Modulus Plastic Modulus
Gyration Constants Surface
Axis x-x Axis y-y Axis x-x Axis y-y Axis x-x Axis y-y Inertia Modulus Area
rx ry Zx Zy Sx Sy J C As
cm cm cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3 cm4 cm3 m2/m

Calculation of Signage Connection On Footbridge

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1

1.2 Principle Design Standards, Code and Regulations

1.2.2 BS5400- Part 3:2000

1.2.3 BS5400- Part 4:1990

1.3 Unit Weight

1.3.1 Unit Weight of Reinforced Concrete 24 kN/m3

1.3.2 Density of Structural Steel 7850 kg/m3

1.4 Assumed Loading

1.4.2 Design Wind Pressure (refer to (Clause 2.3.1, SDM)

Modulus of Elasticity, E 205000 N/mm2

Steel type fy (N/mm2) E (N/mm2)

1.5.3 The proposed grade of concrete and cover to reinforcement is as follows.

Elastic Modulus fcu Cover

1.5.4 Compacted fill is assumed

Friction Angle, φ' ° = 30 o

1.5.5 Assume maximum design bearing pressure of footing is

Loading of 1000x1500mm Signage Plan View

wpole = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1.4 m x 0.1 m x 2

Post = 0.148 kN/m x 2.4 m x 2 = 0.71 kN

Loading of 1300x1000mm Signage Plan View

wpole = 1.8 x 1.2 kPa x 1.1 m x 0.1 m x 2

Post = 0.148 kN/m x 2.4 m x 2 = 0.71 kN

Sign Pole Design

Shear, V = 3.24 + 0.605

Moment (take moment on lower end of post):

Bending Moment = ( 8.126 + 1.584 ) / 2

Torsional Moment = wsign x 1.5 / 2 / 2

Moment Resistance to Lateral Torsional Buckling

6 Deflection checking (SLS)

Allowable Deflection = 2400 / 120

7 Weld Connection between SHS and horizontal steel member

The distance between welds = 100 mm

Shear force to be resisted by each pair of weld, = 21.11 kN

= 63.03 N/mm2 < 220 N/mm2 OK

Sign Pole Design

Shear, V = 1.32 x ( 3.24 + 0.605 ) / 2

Moment (take moment on lower end of post):

Bending Moment = ( 8.126 + 1.584 ) / 2

Torsional Moment = wsign x 1.5 / 2 / 2

Check for supporting SHS

A Shape limitation: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl. 9.3)

Compression flanges in box sections (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl. 9.3.7.3.2)

B Effective area: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.4)

(refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.6.1)

D Slenderness: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.3.1)

Mpey = sycZpey = 316.0 x 6.64E+04 = 2.10E+07 Nmm (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.7.1)

F The bending resistance moment: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.1.2)

G Shear resistance: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.2)

A Maximum axial load, shear force, bending moments about Y-Y

B Combined bending and shear: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.3.2)

C Combined bending and axial load: (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4)

1) Yielding of beam (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4.1)

2) Buckling of a beam (refer to BS5400-3:2000 Cl.9.9.4.2)

Load Check for Buckling:

sw = 0.5(sy+455) (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.1, BS5400-3)

Mt = 1.604 kNm = T x 100

My = 4.855 kNm = N x 100

K = [3/(1+2cos2q)]0.5 (refer to Cl. 14.6.3.11.2, BS5400-3)

Pt / g = 92.93 N/mm2 < 236.1 N/mm2 OK