Scribd
Upload
39 views

ApproximationOperators Syllabus Maths AMU

This document contains a research proposal for a paper on approximation operators. The proposal outlines four units of study: basics of approximation theory, approximation by neural networks and rates of convergence, fractal approximation and computer-aided geometric design, and programming and numerical computation using MATLAB. References for further reading are provided. The candidate and supervisor are also listed.

Uploaded by

qasimips7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

ApproximationOperators Syllabus Maths AMU

This document contains a research proposal for a paper on approximation operators. The proposal outlines four units of study: basics of approximation theory, approximation by neural networks and rates of convergence, fractal approximation and computer-aided geometric design, and programming and numerical computation using MATLAB. References for further reading are provided. The candidate and supervisor are also listed.

Uploaded by

qasimips7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/369452378

Approximation Operators syllabus Maths AMU

Research Proposal · March 2023

CITATIONS READS
0 52

1 author:

Asif Khan
Aligarh Muslim University
93 PUBLICATIONS 1,312 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Approximation Theory View project

On (p,q)-analogue of divided difference and Bernstein operators View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Asif Khan on 23 March 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, India

Name of the candidate: Mr. Ibrahim Islam

Name of the Supervisor: Dr. Asif Khan

Paper-II (2 12 Hours Duration)

Approximation Operators

Unit-I: Basics Of Approximation Theory:


Best Approximation in Normed Spaces, Existence and Uniqueness results (Finite-dimensional
subspaces, Strictly convex spaces), Examples of nonexistence, Density theorems, Weirstrass
approximation theorem, Classical approximation, Abstract approximation, Constructive ap-
proximation, Approximation by Algebraic and Trigonometric Polynomials, Positive linear
operators and functionals; Different types of modulus of continuity; Chebyshev conditions to
choose test functions; Korovkin type approximation theorems; Pointwise convergence and uni-
form convergence, Degree of Approximation, Estimates with Second Order Moduli, Absolute
Optimal Constants, Bernstein operators; Estimates for the Bernstein Operators, Bernstein
Kantorovich operators, The Inequalities of Markov and Bernstein. Direct Theorems, In-
verse Theorems, Convergence for differentiable functions, Convergence for analytic functions,
Approximation by Rational Functions, Nonlinear approximation (why rational functions?),
Rational best approximation, Pade approximation, Natural density, Statistical Convergence,
King’s type approximation, q-Calculus, Phillips and Lupas operators.

Unit-II: Neural Network Operators and Rate of Convergence


Approximation by Neural Networks: Basics of Neural networks, Universal Approximation
Theorem, Feed-foward Neural Networks, Sigmoidal functions, Construction of neural net-
work operators, Univariate Sigmoidal Neural Network Quantitative Approximation (Real and
Complex), Convergence with Rates of the Normalized Bell Type Neural Network Operators,
The “Normalized Squashing Type Operators” and Their Convergence to the Unit with Rates.

Unit-III: Fractal Approximation and Computer Aided Geometric Design: Frac-


tals, Iterated function system, Mandelbrot set, fractal dimension, Box counting theorem,
Moran equation, fractal operators.

Blending (basis) functions, affine invariance, Bezier curves and surfaces, de-Casteljau algo-
rithm

Unit-IV: Programming and Numerical computation via MATLAB


Programming in MATLAB, Convergence analysis, Error Estimates (pointwise and average
error etc.), Rate of convergence, Programming of operators approximating functions, Bezier
curves and surfaces analysis, Graphical Analysis.

1
References
[1] Powell. M J D, Approximation Theory and Methods, Cambridge University Press 1981

[2] N. L. Carothers, Lecture notes: A Short Course on Approximation Theorey, Department


of Mathematics and Statistics Bowling Green State University

[3] Fundamentals of Approximation Theory, Hrushikesh N. Mhaskar, Devidas V. Pai CRC


Press, 2000

[4] Radu Paltanea, Approximation Theory Using Positive Linear Operators, Birkhauser
(Springer-2004).

[5] P. P. Korovkin, Linear Operators and Approximation Theory, Hindustan Publishing


Corporation, Delhi, 1960

[6] F. Altomare, M. Campiti, Korovkin Type Approximation Theory and its Applications,
De Gruyter Stud. Math. vol. 17, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin, New York, (1994).

[7] Lupas¸ A, A q-analogue of the Bernstein operator., In: Seminar on numerical and sta-
tistical calculus University of Cluj-Napoca, vol 9. pp 85–92 (1987).

[8] G.M. Phillips, A generalization of the Bernstein polynomials based on q integers, The
ANZIAM Journal 42(01), (2000)

[9] M. Mursaleen, Khursheed J. Ansari, Asif Khan, On (p,q)-analogue of Bernstein opera-


tors, Appl Math and Comput 266:874-882 [Erratum: (2016) 278:70-71]

[10] Tom M. Mitchell, Machine Learning, McGraw-Hill Science

[11] George A. Anastassiou Intelligent Systems: Approximation by Artificial Neural Net-


works, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2011)

[12] George A. Anastassiou Intelligent Systems-II: Complete Approximation by Artificial


Neural Networks, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

[13] Kenneth Falconer, Fractal Geometry Mathematical Foundations and Applications, Wiley,
2014

[14] R Goldman, Pyramid Algorithms, A Dynamic Programming Approach to Curves and


Surfaces for Geometric Modeling,Elsevier, 2002.

[15] Amos Gilat, MATLAB An Introduction With Applications, Wiley

[16] Lloyd N. Trefethen, Approximation Theory and Approximation Practice, Society for
Industrial and Applied Mathematics Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2012

View publication stats

You might also like