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    Harvesting & Threshing Module

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    1. The document discusses various methods of harvesting and threshing rice, from manual techniques to mechanical options like reapers and threshers. 2. Mechanical harvesters like the axial flow thresher can thresh 1 ton of rice per hour, significantly more than manual foot treading methods. 3. Combines are the most advanced option, integrating harvesting and threshing in a single pass to efficiently cut, separate grains from straw, and collect the grains.

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    Harvesting & Threshing Module

    Uploaded by

    jerry
    40 views56 pages
    1. The document discusses various methods of harvesting and threshing rice, from manual techniques to mechanical options like reapers and threshers. 2. Mechanical harvesters like the axial flow thresher can thresh 1 ton of rice per hour, significantly more than manual foot treading methods. 3. Combines are the most advanced option, integrating harvesting and threshing in a single pass to efficiently cut, separate grains from straw, and collect the grains.

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    1. The document discusses various methods of harvesting and threshing rice, from manual techniques to mechanical options like reapers and threshers. 2. Mechanical harvesters like the axial flow thresher can thresh 1 ton of rice per hour, significantly more than manual foot treading methods. 3. Combines are the most advanced option, integrating harvesting and threshing in a single pass to efficiently cut, separate grains from straw, and collect the grains.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views56 pages

    Harvesting & Threshing Module

    Uploaded by

    jerry
    1. The document discusses various methods of harvesting and threshing rice, from manual techniques to mechanical options like reapers and threshers. 2. Mechanical harvesters like the axial flow thresher can thresh 1 ton of rice per hour, significantly more than manual foot treading methods. 3. Combines are the most advanced option, integrating harvesting and threshing in a single pass to efficiently cut, separate grains from straw, and collect the grains.

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    Module 2

    Planting,
    Harvesting &
    Threshing
    Skills Training Course on
    the Operations &
    Maintenance of Selected
    Agricultural Machineries

    BPRE

    PHilMech
    Science City of Munoz
    Nueva Ecija
    May 14-17, 2013
    Department of Agriculture
    PHilMech

    Harvesting and Threshing


    by

    Engr. Raul R. Paz


    Rice Postharvest System

    harvesting threshing drying storage milling

    Manual Methods

    Mechanical Methods

    Combines
    Harvesting & Threshing
    CUTTING FIELD DRYING

    BUNDLING HARVESTING

    STACKING

    COMBINE
    THRESHING

    CLEANING THRESHING

    BAGGING

    TRANSPORT
    Department of Agriculture
    PHilMech

    HARVESTING
    Definition:

    1. Is the process of cutting and


    gathering of the rice panicles from
    the mother plants
    2. It includes cutting, field drying,
    bundling, hauling and hay stacking
    of the paddy
    Considerations:

    • Quick and timely harvest


    • Minimum harvest losses
    • Manage grain moisture to
    prevent deterioration
    Parameters of Harvest:
    Maturity
    • Correct maturity days
    • 80 - 85% are straw
    colored
    • Firm but not brittle
    Parameters of Harvest:

    Moisture Content
    • Ideally at 21 - 25%
    moisture content
    1. Cutting
    • Slicing action using a smooth sharp blade
    • Slicing to sawing action using rough
    serrated blade
    2. Windrowing (In-Field
    Drying)

    • In field drying of harvested


    rice panicles
    • Reduction of MC to reduce
    risks of damage in case of
    threshing / drying delays
    • To sell as “sariwa”
    3. Hay Stacking

    • To prepare for threshing


    at threshing area
    • Types of stacking: in
    bundles (Talumpok),
    rectangular piles, circular
    piles, others
    Manual Method
    • Using sickles for cutting
    • In-field drying
    • Manual hauling to stacking
    Sickle or Scythe
    • Slicing action using a smooth sharp blade
    • Slicing to sawing action using rough
    serrated blade

    SPECIFICATIONS
    Hand …………..….…. Left or Right
    Blade ……..…..……… Smooth/Serrated
    # of teeth ……..…... 12-18 teeth/cm
    Length …………..…. 1 mm
    Length of blade…..… Up to 30 cm
    Angle of blade …..… 0 -18o
    Weight ……………..… 250-450 g

    A B C
    Mechanical Reaper

    Mechanical Reaper
    • Hand tractor mounted
    • Cutterbar (scissors)
    • Width - 1m / 1.2 m
    • Engine - 3 hp / 5 hp
    • Forward speed - 2.5 kph / 5.5 kph
    • Weight - 120 kg / 150 kg
    • Capacity - 2 ha/d / 3 ha/d
    • Cost -
    Mechanical Reaper

    Parts and Components

    Chain Conveyor
    Front Cover
    Star Wheel

    Marker

    Gathering
    Header

    Lower Frame
    Reciprocating Header Point
    Cutter Knife
    Crop Divider
    A. Preparing the Field
    1. Drain the field well about 3
    10 days before harvest.

    2. Plan the field pattern to 7 5 2


    use. Determine the entry
    4 6 8
    point and exit to next
    field.

    Entry 1
    B. Preparing the Field
    3. Cut manually the area, to
    the size of the Header, at
    the entry point.
    4. Cut manually the crop at
    the corners and all
    standing crop on the field
    edges that may not be
    cut by the machine. Entry
    B. Operating the machine
    1. Check always the
    machine, engine and all
    parts functioning well.
    Make a quick test run.

    2. Make the necessary


    adjustments to the
    machine e.g. power on
    engine, height of cut, etc..
    B. Operating the machine
    3. Position the reaper at the
    starting point.
    4. Operate reaper following
    the appropriate field
    pattern.
    5. Make efficient turning on
    corners.
    C. Gathering of cut panicles
    1. The cut rice panicles may
    be gathered & stacked
    immediately.
    2. Build small hay piles to
    avoid heating of grains.
    3. Use underlays for the rice
    hay stacks.
    Mechanical Reaper

    Field Pattern

    7
    10

    4 12
    8
    13
    6
    11 2

    9
    5

    Start 1
    Mechanical Reaper

    Turning Technique
    Mechanical Reaper

    Turning Technique
    Turning Technique
    Turning Technique
    Turning Technique
    Turning Technique
    Mechanical Reaper
    End
    To Part 3
    Department of Agriculture
    PHilMech

    THRESHING
    Definition:

    1. Is the process of separating the


    mature rice grains from the rice
    panicles or straw
    2. It involves detaching grains from
    panicles, separation of grains from
    straw and cleaning
    Considerations:

    • Fast and high capacity


    • Least threshing losses
    • Clean grains
    • High head rice yield
    Parameters of Threshing
    Moisture Content
    • Wet straw/grains are
    difficult to separate
    • Ideally at 20 - 25%
    moisture content
    Parameters of Threshing:
    Straw-Grain Ratio
    • Varietal
    characteristics
    • The ratio of grains to
    straw
    • Length of cut at
    harvest
    Threshing Actions
    • Impact

    • Stripping

    • Friction
    Manual Method

    • Foot treading
    • Impact “hampasan” method
    Mechanical Method

    • Hold On Types
     Pedal Threshers (or
    motorized) 200 to
    300 kgs/hr

    • Throw-inTypes
     Axial Flow (1 ton/hr)
    Axial Flow Thresher

    Axial Flow Thresher


    • Mobile - w/ wheels & drawbar
    • Design - Peg-tooth/concave grate
    • Width - 1.525 m
    • Length - 1.60 m
    • Height - 1.69 m
    • Engine - 12-14 Hp Diesel aircooled
    • Weight - 426 kg w/o engine
    • Capacity - 3 – 4 tons / hr
    • Cost -
    Axial Flow Thresher

    Parts and Components


    A. Before Operation
    1. Select the area to place
    your machine.

    2. Lay the threshing mat to


    collect shattered losses.

    3. Position the thresher so


    that the straw is thrown in
    the direction of wind.
    A. Before Operation
    4. Check the engine, belts
    and all parts.

    5. Examine the pegteeth for


    loose bolts/nuts or
    welded parts.
    6. Start engine to warm-up.
    B. Operations
    1. Start engine & throttle to
    recommended speed
    (600-700 cylinder rpm).
    2. Feed thresher with
    harvested crop to check
    performance. Adjust if
    necessary.
    B. Operations
    3. Operate the machine, 3-
    4 persons required: 1 or 2
    men load the tray,
    another to feed the
    thresher. 1 checks the
    grain discharge and the
    blower/sieve .
    B. Operations
    4. Feed the crop
    continously at uniform
    rate. Maximum feeding
    w/o overloading engine.
    5. Check always the grain
    discharge for impurities,
    the seive at the
    windboard for losses.
    B. Operations
    6. Reduce feeding rate
    when threshing wet.

    7. Periodically check the


    drum and the concave
    grills for accummulation
    of straws and chaff.
    End
    To Part 4
    Department of Agriculture
    PHilMech

    COMBINE
    HARVESTERS
    Definition:

    1. Combines the operations of


    harvesting and threshing
    2. Mobile grain-harvesting machine for
    cutting, picking, stripping or picking
    up crop, threshing, separating,
    cleaning and conveying grain into a
    grain hopper and depositing harvest
    residue onto the ground.
    Combine Harvesters

    Rice Combine
    • Self propelled (Crawlers or
    wheel drive)
    • Cutting knives
    • Threshing system
    • Bulk or bagged discharge
    Combine Harvester
    A. Operations
    1. Do the basic checkup
    procedure before going
    to the field.

    2. Remove all bamboo


    stakes, other
    obstruction in the field.
    A. Operations
    3. Harvest first the corners
    of the field and the rows
    near dikes manually
    using sickle to prevent
    lodging and grain loss.

    4. Adjust the combine


    engine based on the
    recommended speed.
    A. Operations
    5. Harvest first the corners
    of the field and the rows
    near dikes manually
    using sickle to prevent
    lodging and grain loss.

    4. Adjust the combine


    engine based on the
    recommended speed.
    End

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