Slope Maintenance Management Manual

Public Works Department of Sabah
Slope Branch
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Public Works Department of Sabah

Slope Branch
This manual is intended for internal use only. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
First published, December 2015
Prepared by:
Slope Branch,
Public Works Department of Sabah,
Jalan Sembulan,
88582 Kota Kinabalu,
SABAH.
Tel : 088 244 333
Fax : 088 234 377
FOREWORD
Over the years, numerous incidents of slope failure have occurred along the
roads within the purview of JKR Sabah, at both Federal Road and State Road. One of
the prevailing factors of the occurrence is found to be deficiency of maintenance
which is principally required to curb imminent landslide initiation.
In view of the increasing trend of landslide records, the Slope Branch has
been vigilant on the need to establish a good practice of slope maintenance
management in the department. Preparation of this manual is therefore intended to
serve as one the fundamental measures to attain that goal, in which a practical guide
on how to perform the maintenance exercise at both JKR Headquarters and JKR
Districts level is of the essence. This is envisaged to be a helpful platform to cultivate
a thriving slope maintenance exercise in the department, which is indeed gained
through learning and experience.
This manual presents the principle of slope maintenance management

comprising of policy of slope maintenance in Sabah, setting up of slope maintenance
working committee, slope maintenance management action, slope anomalies and
corrective measures, as well as preventive maintenance works. The slope
maintenance management action which plays its role as the catalyst for the
achievement of the slope maintenance programme can be divided into four sub-
topics, i.e. routine maintenance inspection, engineer inspection for maintenance,
physical slope maintenance, and monitoring of slope maintenance. Standard forms
for the inspection are also appended in this manual so as to guide the personnel who
are involved in the field.
As this is the first published manual since the advent of Slope Branch, users
are encouraged to provide comments to the branch on the contents of this manual,
so that improvements can be made to future editions.
Thank you.
“Safe Slope, Saves Life”
IR. RICHARD JOMIJI KINSIL

Principal Assistant Director of Slope Branch
JKR Sabah Headquarters
i
CONTENTS
Page No.
FOREWORD i
CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Objective of Manual 1
1.2 Scope and Limitation of Manual 1
1.3 Policy of Slope Maintenance 2
2.0 SETTING UP OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE WORKING COMMITTEE 3
3.0 SLOPE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT ACTION 5

3.1 Routine Maintenance Inspection 5
3.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Routine Maintenance 5
Inspection
3.1.2 Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection 7
3.1.3 Need for Immediate Engineer Inspection for 7
Maintenance
3.1.4 Record of Routine Maintenance Inspection 8
3.2 Engineer Inspection for Maintenance 9

3.2.1 Purpose and Scope of Engineer Inspection for 9
Maintenance
3.2.2 Frequency of Engineer Inspection for 10
Maintenance
3.2.3 Recommendations of the Inspection 10
3.2.4 Record of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance 10
3.3 Physical Slope Maintenance 11
3.4 Monitoring of Slope Maintenance 11
4.0 SLOPE ANOMALIES AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES 12
5.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WORKS 22
REFERENCES 23
ii
Page No.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Flow Chart of Slope Maintenance Management 24
in JKR Sabah
Appendix 2 Consequence-to-life Category of Slopes and 26
Retaining Structures
Appendix 3 Indicative Record Sheets for Routine 28
Maintenance Inspections and Works
Appendix 4 Indicative Record Sheets for Engineer 34
Inspections for Maintenance
iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page No.

1 Proposed Setting Up of Slope Maintenance Working 3
Committee
2 Recommended Frequency of Routine Maintenance 7
Inspection
3 Recommended Frequency of Engineer Inspection for 10
Maintenance
4 Inspection of Slope Anomalies and Proposed Corrective 13
Measures
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page No.

1 Policy of Slope Maintenance in Sabah 2
2 Typical Man-made Items on Slope that Require 6
Maintenance
3 Example of Slope Defects 8
4 Flow Chart of Decision of Treatment on Slope Anomalies 12
5 Examples of Common Factors Contributing to Failure of 20
Man-made Slopes
6 Examples of Method of Handling Surface Water at Critical 21
Locations along a Road
7 Typical Preventive Maintenance Works for Soil Slopes 22
8 Typical Preventive Maintenance Works for Rock Slopes 22
v
Slope Maintenance Management Manual
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective of Manual
This Slope Maintenance Management Manual is intended to achieve the

objectives as follows:
i) To properly guide the technical personnel in the district level who are
involved on the ground in carrying out slope maintenance
programme.
ii) To serve as a training tool in order to establish an effective and
efficient management pertaining to slope maintenance in the long run
of the department.
iii) To address some shortfalls of current slope maintenance practice
such as lack of direction from headquarters, deficiency of well-
organised reporting system to headquarters, limitation of fund to
conduct slope mitigation, absence of monitoring of maintenance, and
so forth.
1.2 Scope and Limitation of Manual
As this manual is meant for the internal use of the department which shall be
applied by the headquarters and district level of JKR Sabah, this guide is
however subjected to few limitations as follows:
i) Maintenance programme shall only cover engineered slopes along
both sealed and unsealed road under the purview of JKR Sabah.
ii) As slope maintenance programme for Federal Road has been
established, this manual is only applicable to the State Road.
iii) Types of physical slope maintenance are pertaining to routine and
preventive maintenance.
Page | 1
1.3 Policy of Slope Maintenance
In line with the motto of “Safe Slope, Saves Lives”, exercise of slope
maintenance in the state shall be executed in accordance to the policy of
slope maintenance as depicted in Figure 1.
Ensuring
safety of new
slope
Disseminating Policy of Enhance the

knowledge on Slope safety of
maintenance Maintenance existing slope
Reducing risk
& cost on
slope failure
repair
Figure 1: Policy of Slope Maintenance in Sabah
Page | 2
2.0 SETTING UP OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE WORKING COMMITTEE
Efficient exercise of slope maintenance programme shall entail establishment

of slope maintenance working committees at both headquarters and district
level as explained in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Proposed Setting Up of Slope Maintenance Working Committee

Level Description
Headquarters i) A committed team called Slope Maintenance Unit
should be established as a fixed secretariat for this
programme.
ii) The unit shall be headed by at least an engineer of

grade J41 with civil engineering background, while a
geotechnical engineer shall be an added value.
iii) Members of the unit shall be comprised of technical

staffs to carry out various jobs as follows:
 Receiving and recording submission of routine
maintenance inspection report from JKR
Districts (existing online system of “JKR Slope
Management System” to be fully utilised).
 Conducting field inspection together with
Engineer Inspection as and when required.
 Evaluating the need of maintenance for each
slope based on Slope Priority Rating System.
 Allocating fund to JKR Districts to carry out
physical slope maintenance.
 Monitoring the execution of programme in
terms of physical progress and financial
expenditure.
iv) Monthly committee meeting is advised to be

convened with the objectives to monitor and assess
the achievement of the programme in whole.
v) Main summary of the monthly achievement of the

slope maintenance programme shall be rendered to
the Principal Assistant Director of Slope Branch for
further advice and direction.
Page | 3
Table 1: Proposed Setting Up of

Slope Maintenance Working Committee (cont’)
Level Description
Districts i) Execution of the programme at district level shall be
led by the District Engineer.
ii) A technical key person of either Assistant Engineer or

Technician shall be appointed to perform few tasks as
follows:
 Conducting routine maintenance inspection at
site.
 Preparing report of maintenance inspection
report which shall cover proposed corrective
measures and estimated cost (existing online
system of “JKR Slope Management System” to
be fully utilised).
 Managing physical slope maintenance on
contractual basis.
Page | 4
3.0 SLOPE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT ACTION
Action in slope maintenance management shall be taken in line with the

goal to ensure functionality of engineered slopes, as well as to avoid their
deterioration.
Practice of slope maintenance management (explained in Flow Chart as in

Appendix 1) can be broadly grouped into four main core activities as follows:
i) Routine maintenance inspection
ii) Engineer inspection for maintenance
iii) Physical slope maintenance
iv) Monitoring of slope maintenance
3.1 Routine Maintenance Inspection
The routine maintenance inspection of slope serves as a preliminary tool in

order to get information at the first hand on the slope condition. This
inspection shall be done by technical personnel at district levels of JKR.
In order to guide the district levels on the locations and numbers of slopes to
be assessed within the stipulated schedule so as to improve efficiency of the
maintenance inspection, a comprehensive inventory of mother slopes should
be developed prior to the inspection. The inventory should capture all
engineered slopes which can be defined as “slope that has been modified in
its in-situ condition to attain required factor of safety through proper design
and construction as per engineering practice”.
3.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Routine Maintenance Inspection
Objective of the routine maintenance inspection is to ascertain the need of

maintenance of various man-made items on slope inclusive but not limited to
the following:
i) Drainage channel of both surface and sub-surface drains
ii) Slope surface area of green and hard cover
iii) Water-carrying services
iv) Slope furniture
v) Engineering feature such as gabion wall, reinforced concrete retaining
wall, etc.
The typical man-man items that require maintenance is illustrated in Figure 2.
Page | 5
Figure 2: Typical Man-made Items on Slope that Require Maintenance (Source: Geotechnical Engineering Office of Hong Kong, 2003)
Page | 6
3.1.2 Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection
As a guide, the routine maintenance inspection should be conducted in

accordance with Table 2 below.
Table 2: Recommended Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection

(Source: JKR Malaysia, 2006)
Consequence-to-life Category of
Frequency
Slopes and Retaining Structure
(Minimum Requirement)
(Refer Appendix 2)
Category 1 and 2 Once every year
Category 3 Once every two years
Frequency of the routine maintenance inspection is however subjected to

judgement and recommendation by engineers who are undertaking the
Engineer Inspection of Maintenance. Various factors should be taken into
account on the frequency such as history of landslide occurrence, size of
slopes, potential risk to the public, and so forth.
Emphasis should also be given to intensify the routine maintenance

inspection after heavy storm so as to observe the abnormality that can only
be significantly manifested during rainfall season. This is pertaining to the
pattern of surface runoff which can render a better implication on the
existing condition of drainage channel.
3.1.3 Need for Immediate Engineer Inspection for Maintenance
In the presence of slope defects such as tension crack, ground

settlement, distortion of wall, localised erosion and so on which requires
judgement beyond the technical capacity of an Assistant Engineer or
Technician at the district level, advice should be sought from the
Headquarters. Request for an immediate Engineer Inspection for
Maintenance outside of its defined frequency can be made by submitting
the Record of Routine Maintenance Inspection (Appendix 3) to the
Headquarters.
Examples of the slope defects are depicted in Figure 3.
Page | 7
(a) Tension crack (b) Ground Settlement
(c) Distortion of wall (d) Localised erosion
Figure 3: Example of Slope Defects
3.1.4 Record of Routine Maintenance Inspection
The routine maintenance inspection should be recorded and submitted to

the Headquarters by the district level depending on minimum requirement of
inspection frequency or as instructed by the Headquarters. The submission to
the key officer at the Headquarters is to be performed by using the indicative
record sheet (Appendix 3).
As the proposed rectification of slope defect is of main concern in the record

sheet, this exercise should be completed in two stages, namely:
i) Upon completion of Routine Maintenance Inspection
ii) Upon completion of Routine Maintenance Works.
Page | 8
3.2 Engineer Inspection for Maintenance
3.2.1 Purpose and Scope of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance
The purposes of an Engineer Inspection for Maintenance that will be

executed by Headquarters are as listed below:
i) To determine if Stability Assessment have previously been carried out

and if so, to review previous Stability Assessment reports to check
whether the engineering approach used, the assumptions and the
conclusions made in these reports are reasonable in light of current
practice and safety standards.
ii) To identify all visible changes and signs of distress, including landslides
that have taken place at or in the vicinity of the slope or retaining
structure, in particular changes since the previous Stability
Assessment if this has been carried out, and any discrepancies
between records and site conditions, which could have implications
for stability of the slope or retaining structure, and to judge whether
these might be significant.
iii) To re‐assess the consequence‐to‐life category of the slope or retaining

structure.
iv) To check that Routine Maintenance Inspections have been carried out
and documented satisfactorily.
v) To assess the adequacy of routine maintenance works and

supplement the list of man‐made items requiring routine
maintenance, as necessary.
vi) To re‐assess the required frequency of Routine Maintenance

Inspections and Engineer Inspections for Maintenance.
vii) To identify the presence of exposed and buried water‐carrying

services on or in the vicinity of the slope or retaining structure, check
for signs of leakage of the services and recommend immediate
detailed leakage checks, regular checks, repair or re‐routing of the
services as necessary.
Page | 9
viii) To advise whether a Stability Assessment of the slope or retaining

structure is necessary.
ix) To recommend the necessary preventive maintenance works (Chapter

5).
x) To assess if there is any deterioration of the geologic materials,

geological structure and groundwater condition.
3.2.2 Frequency of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance
The frequency of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance shall follow the guide
in Table 3 below.
Table 3: Recommended Frequency of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance

Consequence-to-life Category of
Frequency
Slopes and Retaining Structure
(Minimum Requirement)
(Refer Appendix 2)
Category 1 and 2 Once every five years
Category 3 Once every ten years
3.2.3 Recommendations of the Inspection
Besides the evaluation of the various aspects of the existing slope condition,
the engineer undertaking the Engineer Inspection for Maintenance may need
to advise the requirement of Stability Assessment subjected to indication of
slope movement.
The Stability Assessment shall basically comprise of appraisal in term of

geological and hydrological condition of site, as well as the mechanical
properties of ground materials.
3.2.4 Record of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance
Indicative record sheets for Engineer Inspections for Maintenance are given
in Appendix 4.
Page | 10
3.3 Physical Slope Maintenance
Upon verification of needed maintenance works as per report of Engineer

Inspection for Maintenance, physical slope maintenance shall be carried out
on contractual basis at the district level by means of quotation work. The
District Engineer shall act as the Superintending Officer in order to ensure
that the maintenance works are carried out to standard and paid accordingly.
3.4 Monitoring of Slope Maintenance
As a measure to monitor the execution of the slope maintenance

programme, the personnel at district level is required to update the status of
maintenance action using these both channels:
i) Record of Routine Maintenance Works (Appendix 3).
ii) On-line system of JKR Slope Management System (in the
“Maintenance” section of Slope Inventory Listing).
Page | 11
4.0 SLOPE ANOMALIES AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES
Inspection of slope anomalies pertaining to various indication of stress or

defect on ground is of the main essence of Routine Maintenance Inspection,
as well as in Engineer Inspection for Maintenance.
Further to detection of anomalies on identified slope elements, probable

cause of stress / defect should be determined. This shall be the basis of
feasible and optimum treatment to be adopted hereafter for the corrective
measure. Flow of this specific job is explained in Figure 4.
Identify slope element to be inspected
Inspect for possible slope anomaly
Find probable cause of distress / defect
Suggest feasible treatment approach
Figure 4: Flow Chart of Decision of Treatment on Slope Anomalies
Guide on suggested treatment options for different type of distress / defect

on slope can be found in Table 4. Examples of common factors contributing
to failure of man-made slopes are illustrated in Figure 5. Meanwhile, as water
is the key factor to slope instability in the state, examples of method of
handling surface water at critical locations along a road are also depicted in
Figure 6.
Page | 12
Table 4: Inspection of Slope Anomalies and Proposed Corrective Measures
Slope Elements to be
Possible Anomaly Probable Source of Problem Suggested Action of Treatment
Inspected
Surface erosion  Totally bare soil surface  Apply close turfing
 Undesirable / concentrated  Improve drainage system (e.g. add
water source intercepting drain to cut off undesirable /
 Damaged cut-off / berm drain concentrated water flowing down the slope
 Inadequate drainage surface and divert the water to an appropriate
outlet system
 Repair cut-off / berm drain
 Putting back soil cover
 Apply close turfing
 Steep slope  Rebuild or regrade soil slope, if practically
Slope Soil
allowable and economically viable
Surface
Tension crack  Unstable slope  Close up crack
 Identify cause of movement / instability &
propose suitable remedial measure (Engineer
shall be involved)
Overhanging / tilting tree  Unstable slope  Remove / trim dangerous trees
 Check possibility of cut slope failure, identify
causation, and propose suitable remedial
measure (Engineer shall be involved)
Loose / overhanging  Weathered rock  Remove dangerous boulders and treat slope
upslope boulder surface with engineered solution
Page | 13
Table 4: Inspection of Slope Anomalies and Proposed Corrective Measures (con’t)
Inspected
Seepage  Ponding at top of upslope,  Fill up undesirable pondings and improve
change of natural water course drainage system to remove undesirable water
Soil
 Broken roadside drain, blocked source
horizontal drain, broken / leaking  Repair drainage structures
culvert and / or catchpit etc.  Clear horizontal drain by probing with rods
Surface erosion  Undesirable e.g. concentrated  Upgrade / improve drainage system e.g. add
water source intercepting / cut-off drain to cut off
 Broken / damaged cut-off drain undesirable / concentrated water flowing
 Inadequate drainage e.g. absence down the slope surface and divert the water
of cut-off drain to an appropriate outlet system
Slope
 Repair cut-off drain
Surface
 Re-turf / Replant vegetation
Vegetated /  Apply guniting concrete (only when necessary
Turfed as it is not enviromentally friendly)
Vegetation not properly  Insufficeint sunlight  Re-turf with more suitable species of grass
grown / dying  Dry spell  Apply bio-engineering solution
 Acidic soil
Crack  Unstable slope  Close the cracks
 Identify cause of movement / instability &
propose suitable remedial measure (Engineer
shall be involved)
Page | 14
Inspected
 Cracked cover  Sub-standard workmanship /  Seal up cracks and look for causation and
 Damaged cover improper design access overall stability (Engineer shall be
 Non-functioning  Blocked weep holes involved)
weep holes  Unstable underlying slope  Repair cover
 Cover separated  Lack of proper pointing  Clear horizontal drain by probing with rods
Rigid cover
from underlying soils maintenance  Replace detached cover
(Guniting,
 Missing or  Ponding, change of natural water  Identify source of water flowing out of weep
Rip-rap or
deteriorated joint course (for cut slope) holes and propose suitable remedial measure
Stone
fillers & sealant (Engineer shall be involved)
pitched,
 Unexpected flow of  Monitor slope movement, scheduled for
masonry,
etc.) water out from weep detailed SI as soon as possible, and propose
Slope
holes during dry spell suitable remedial measure (Engineer shall be
Surface
 Undesirable involved )
vegetation / trees in  Fill up undesirable pondings and improve
cracks and fissures drainage system to removeundesirable water
source
 Redo pointing where necessary
 Loose blocks  Weathering  Remove or stabilise loose blocks
 Fissures / open joints  Lack of proper maintenance  Treat fissures & open joints with sealant and
 Undesirable joint filler
Rock
vegetation in cracks  Remove undesirable vegetation / trees in
and fissures cracks and fissures
 Falling rocks  Provide rock mesh netting, rock trap ditch, etc.
Page | 15
Inspected
 Tension crack  Failed embankment or cut slope  Seal tension cracks
 Landslide scar  Base failure  Check possibility of embankment / cut slope
 Settlement failure, identify causation, and propose
 Bulging / heaving suitable remedial measure (Engineer shall be
involved )
Earth /
Cave-in Dislocated / broken cross culvert Repair or reconstruct culvert (this is to be
Gravel /
Pavement carried out by road maintenance unless it is
Bituminous/
Surface acompanied by the need of slope engineering
Concrete
solution)
Debris flow crossing  Blocked roadside drain or Identify causation and propose suitable
over pavement connecting sump remedial / maintenance measure (Engineer shall
 Overflow from ponding be involved )
 Flow from landslide
 Illegal access
 Cracks  Sub-standard construction  Provide adequate and proper surface /
 Lateral movement  Inadequate or wrong design subsurface drainage system
Engineering Retaining
 Settlement  Unstable ground  Identify causation and propose suitable
Feature Wall
 Tilting  Absence / lack of drainage remedial measure (Engineer shall be
 Buldging system involved )
Page | 16
Inspected
 Erosion  Velocity of flow too high, i.e.flow  Concrete line the earth drain
too rapid
Earth  Drain water  Undersized drain  Upgrade drain to a bigger one with adequate
roadside overflows  Flow obstructed by landslide capacity, i.e. bigger size
drain (at cut  Drain blockage materials  Clear obstruction caused by landslide
slope toe)  Debris from natural stream material as soon as possible
 Check possibilty of potential debris flow and
construct upstream check dam
 Cracks  Sub-standard construction  Repair dislocated / broken drain
 Eroded and/or leaky  Inadequate Design  Repair eroded / leaky drain base by topping
drain base  Unstable ground up with another layer of structural concrete
Drainage
 Dislocated/broken (preferably with fabric reinforcement )
System
drain  Reconstruct drain to one with adequate
Reinforced structural design (Engineer shall be involved)
concrete  Identify source of movement and come up
drain with remedial measures (Engineer shall be
(at toe of involved)
cut slope)  Drain water  Inadequate capacity design, i.e.  Upgrade drain to a bigger one with adequate
overflows undersized drain capacity, i.e. bigger size
 Drain blockage  Flow obstructed by landslide  Clear obstruction caused by landslide
 materials material as soon as possible
 Debris from natural stream  Check possibilty of potential debris flow and
construct upstream check dam
Page | 17
Inspected
 Cracks  Sub-standard construction  Repair cracked drain /sump
 Dislocated / broken  Unstable slope  Reconstruct drain / sump
drain / sump  Check possibility of instability and identify
causation of instability (Engineer shall be
Interceptor involved)
drain /  Drain / sump  Inadequate capacity design, i.e.  Upgrade drain / sump to a bigger one with
Cascade overflowing undersized drain adequate capacity, i.e. bigger size
Drainage drain /  Drain / sump filled up by  Clear obstruction caused by debris as soon as
System Berm drain landslide material possible
/ Sump  Breaking points, i.e. sumps too  Add addition break point, i.e. sump and
far apart discharge culvert at suitable place & interval
 Erosion on ground /  Drain /sump edge higher than  Backfill or reinstate the ground / soil
soil adjoining the the adjoining ground adjoining the drain / sump
drain / sump
Subsoil  Clogged horizontal  Accumulation of rubbish / loose  Remove clogging material
drainage drain / weep hole soil material
Page | 18
Inspected
 Absence of proper  Poor / improper culvert design  Construct proper inlet / outlet structures
inlet / outlet
structure, e.g. sump
or wing wall, head
wall, apron, etc.
 Erosion / minor slope  Damaged / broken associated  Repair roadside drain
failure above head roadside drain  Determine undesirable water source and
wall drain  Undesirable flow of water from provide diversion measure
pavement
 Erosion / minor slope  Water from roadside drain  Provide proper discharge structure
failure at side of inlet allowed to freely discharged to  Determine undesirable water source and
Culvert
Drainage wing walls the inlet side of culvert without provide diversion measure
(inlet /
System
outlet)
proper discharge structure  Channelisation
 Damaged / broken roadside
drain discharge structure at side
of culvert
 Undesirable flow of water from
pavement
 Change of stream /water course
 Erosion / minor slope  Water from culvert allowed to  Provide proper discharge structure to
failure at downslope freely discharged down the discharge water from culvert to a safe place
slope without proper discharge
structure, e.g. cascade drain, ,
energy breaker, etc.
Page | 19
Figure 5: Examples of Common Factors Contributing to Failure of Man-made Slopes

(Source: Geotechnical Engineering Office of Hong Kong, 2000)
Page | 20
Figure 6: Examples of Method of Handling Surface Water at Critical Locations along a Road
(Source: Geotechnical Engineering Office of Hong Kong, 2000)
Page | 21
5.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WORKS
In cases where routine maintenance works are not adequate to mitigate on-
going slope deterioration, preventive maintenance works should be taken
into account. Typical preventive maintenance works for soil cut and rock cut
slopes are illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8 respectively.
Figure 7: Typical Preventive Maintenance Works for Soil Slopes

Figure 8: Typical Preventive Maintenance Works for Rock Slopes

Page | 22
REFERENCES
GEO (2000). Highway Slope Manual. Hong Kong: Geotechnical Engineering Office.
GEO (2003). Guide to Slope Maintenance. Hong Kong: Geotechnical Engineering

Office.
CKC (2006). Guidelines on Slope Maintenance in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Cawangan

Kejuruteraan Cerun.
Page | 23
APPENDIX 1
FLOW CHART OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT IN JKR SABAH
Page | 24
Frequency:
Routine Maintenance Inspection Category 1 & 2: Once / 1 year
Category 3: Once / 2 years
Record of Routine
Maintenance
Inspection
JKR District
stage
Upon request or based on need
Frequency:
Engineer Inspection for Category 1 & 2: Once / 5 years
Maintenance Category 3: Once / 10 years
Record of Engineer
Inspection for
Maintenance
Headquarters
stage
Recommendation
Physical Slope Maintenance

JKR District
stage
Monitoring of Slope Maintenance Headquarters

& JKR District
stage
Page | 25
APPENDIX 2
CONSEQUENCE-TO-LIFE CATEGORY OF SLOPES AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
Page | 26
Typical Examples of Facilities Affected by Landslides in Each

Consequence-to-Life Category
Consequence-to-
Facilities
Life Category
Heavily Used Buildings
e.g. residential building, commercial office, store and shop,
hotel, factory, school, power station, ambulance depot,
market, hospital, polyclinic, clinic, welfare centre
Other Infrastructures
e.g. cottage, licensed and squatter area, bus shelter, railway
platform and other sheltered public waiting area, dangerous
1
good storage site (e.g. petrol stations), road with very heavy
vehicular or pedestrian traffic density
Lightly Used Buildings
e.g. indoor car park, building within barracks, abattoir,
incinerator, indoor games’ sport hall, sewage treatment
plant, refuse transfer station, church, temple, monastery,
civic centre, manned substation
Other Infrastructures
e.g. major infrastructure facility (e.g. railway, LRT, flyover,
subway, tunnel portal, service reservoir), construction site (if
future use not certain), road with heavy vehicular or
pedestrian traffic density 2
Heavily Used Open Space and Public Waiting Area
e.g. heavily used playground, open car park, heavily used
sitting out area, road with moderate vehicular or pedestrian
traffic density
Lightly Used Open-Air Recreation Area
e.g. district open space, lightly used open space, lightly used
playground, cemetery, columbarium, non-dangerous goods
storage site, road with low vehicular or pedestrian traffic
density 3
Remote Area
e.g. country park, undeveloped green belt, abandoned
quarry, road with very low vehicular or pedestrian traffic
density
Note: The consequence-to-life category refers to situation where the facilities are
located within the expected travel distance of landslide debris. Any indirect
consequences should also be taken into consideration, e.g. debris falling into a
watercourse can travel long distance and affect other facilities.
Page | 27
APPENDIX 3
INDICATIVE RECORD SHEETS FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE INSPECTIONS AND

WORKS
Page | 28
RECORD OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE INSPECTION SHEET 1 OF 4

Rekod Pemeriksaan Rutin untuk Penyenggaraan Cerun
SLOPE / STRUCTURE WALL REFERENCE NO.
No. Rujukan Cerun / Struktur Penahan
Date of Inspection:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan:
Date of Last Engineer Inspection for Maintenance:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan Terakhir oleh Jurutera:
Due Date of Next Engineer Inspection for Maintenance:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan Seterusnya oleh Jurutera:
Weather Condition at Time of Inspection:
Keadaan Cuaca Semasa Pemeriksaan:
Easting: Northing: Date of Construction:
Timur: Utara: Tarikh Pembinaan:
Action
Required Works
Location
Tindakan Completion
Maintenance Action Item Reference
yang Date
Perkara untuk Tindakan Penyenggaraan Rujukan
Diperlukan Tarikh Kerja
Lokasi
No Yes Disiapkan
Tidak Ya
Clear drainage channels of accumulated debris
Membersihkan saluran perparitan dari sampah sarap yang terkumpul
Repair cracked/damaged drainage channels or pavements along crest
and toe of slope or retaining structure
Membaiki saluran perparitan atau penutup jalan di sepanjang puncak dan
kaki cerun atau tembok penahan yang mengalami retakan/rosak
Repair or replace cracked or damaged impermeable slope surface cover
Membaiki atau menggantikan tutupan cerun tidak telap air yang telah
merekah atau rosak
Remove surface debris and vegetation that has caused severe
cracking of slope surface cover and drainage channels
Membuang sampah permukaan dan tumbuhan yang telah menyebabkan
rekahan serius pada pemukaan cerun dan perparitan
Remove loose rock debris and undesirable vegetation from rock slopes or
boulders
Membuang batuan longgar dan tumbuhan yang tidak perlu daripada
cerun batu atau batu tongkol
Re‐vegetate bare soil slope surface
Penanaman semula tumbuhan pada permukaan cerun tanah yang gundul
Repair mortar joints in masonry walls
Membaiki dinding batu yang diikat dengan mortar jika ikatannya
mengalami kerosakan
Unblock weepholes and outlet drainpipes
Memastikan lubang leleh dan alur keluar paip saliran tidak tersumbat
Repair leaky exposed water‐carrying services
Membaiki paip air atau pembentung yang bocor di permukaan cerun
Repair or replace rusted slope furniture (e.g. steel gates, boundary fences
and stairs)
Membaiki atau menggantikan perabot cerun yang telah berkarat (cth.
pagar besi, pagar sempadan dan tangga)
Remove debris from screen
Membuang puing daripada penapis sampah
Others
Lain‐lain (sila nyatakan kerja yang telah dilakukan)
Recommended Date for Completion of Above Works:
Tarikh Dijangka Kerja‐kerja di atas Akan Diselesaikan:
Page | 29

SITE PLAN (Reference numbers should be assigned to locations of man‐made items for which maintenance works are
required. The corresponding reference numbers should be quoted in the photographic records.)
Pelan Tapak (Nombor rujukan hendaklah dinyatakan pada lokasi di mana kerja‐kerja penyenggaraan diperlukan.
Nombor rujukan yang sesuai hendaklah dinyatakan di dalam fotograf‐fotograf yang telah diambil)
Note: Add additional record sheets for site plan as necessary.

Nota: Tambah helaian rekod tambahan untuk pelan tapak jika perlu.
Page | 30

Immediate Engineer Inspection for Maintenance needed? Yes / No
Adakah pemeriksaan untuk penyenggaraan perlu dilakukan oleh Jurutera dengan segera? Ya / Tidak
Immediate arrangement for investigation and repair of buried water‐carrying services needed? Yes / No
Adakah penyiasatan dan pembaikan segera perlu dilakukan pada paip air atau pembentung yang tertimbus? Ya / Tidak
OTHER OBSERVATIONS (continue on separate sheets if necessary)
(e.g. conditions of trees for which specialist advice is needed)
PEMERHATIAN-PEMERHATIAN LAIN (sila gunakan kertas berasingan jika perlu)
(contoh. keadaan pokok di mana nasihat pakar diperlukan)
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Inspected by:
Diperiksa oleh: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
JKR District:
JKR Daerah: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Signature: Date:
Tandatangan: ………………………………………………………………………………. Tarikh: ……………………………………………………………………….
Due to of next inspection:

Tarikh untuk pemeriksaan
berikutnya : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Received by:
Diterima oleh: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
From:
Daripada: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Signature: Date:
Note: Defects or anomalies, such as signs of leakage, widening of cracks, settling ground, bulging or distortion of a masonry
wall or settlement of the crest platform, should be reported to the Slope Branch, JKR Sabah.
Nota: Kecacatan atau keadaan luar biasa seperti tanda‐tanda kebocoran, penambahan saiz rekahan, enapan tanah,
perubahan bentuk pada struktur penahan atau enapan pada puncak cerun hendaklah dilaporkan kepada Cawangan Cerun,
JKR Sabah.
Page | 31

RECORD PHOTOGRAPHS (with description, date, and reference numbers as given on the site plan)
Rekod fotograf‐fotograf (disertakan dengan perihalan, tarikh dan no. rujukan seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam pelan tapak)
Note: Add additional record sheets for photographs as necessary. Record photographs should show in detail areas where
maintenance works are required and signs of distress observed (e.g. tension cracks, bulging of wall) and be annotated
with descriptions.
Nota: Sila gunakan helaian rekod tambahan jika perlu. Rekod fotograf‐fotograf hendaklah menunjukkan kawasan di mana
kerja penyenggaraan diperlukan, tanda‐tanda kegagalan yang dilihat (cth. retak tegangan, pembonjolan tembok), dan
hendaklah dicatatkan dengan perihalan.
Page | 32
RECORD OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE WORKS SHEET 1 OF 1

Rekod Kerja-kerja Rutin untuk Penyenggaraan Cerun
Maintenance works arranged by:
Kerja penyenggaraan
diuruskan oleh: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
JKR District:
JKR Daerah: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Signature: Date:
Maintenance works carried out by:

Kerja penyenggaraan
dilakukan oleh: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
From:
Daripada: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Signature: Date:
Maintenance works carried out on:

Kerja penyenggaraan dilakukan pada: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
RECORD PHOTOGRAPHS (with descriptions, date, and reference numbers as given on the site plan)
REKOD FOTOGRAF‐FOTOGRAF (disertakan dengan deskripsi, tarikh and no.rujukan seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam pelan
Tapak
Note:
Nota:
1 Add additional record sheets for photographs as necessary.
Sila gunakan helaian rekod tambahan untuk fotograf‐fotograf jika perlu.
2 For removal of loose rocks from rock face or clearing debris from defence measures, e.g. check dam, the estimated
volume of debris removed should be recorded.
Jikalau batuan longgar perlu dibersihkan daripada permukaan batu atau sampah perlu dibersihkan daripada struktur
penahan, isipada batuan atau sampah yang dibersihkan perlu direkodkan.
3 Record photographs should show in detail areas where maintenance works are required and signs of distress
observed.
Fotograf‐fotograf hendaklah menunjukkan kawasan di mana kerja penyenggaraan diperlukan dan tanda‐tanda
kegagalan diperhatikan.
4 Record photographs before and after the execution of maintenance works should be taken from the same vantage
points.
Fotograf‐fotograf sebelum dan selepas kerja penyenggaraan dilakukan hendaklah diambil daripada sudut pandangan
yang sama.
Page | 33
APPENDIX 4
INDICATIVE RECORD SHEETS FOR ENGINEER INSPECTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE
Page | 34
RECORD OF ENGINEER INSPECTION FOR MAINTENANCE SHEET 1 OF 10

Rekod Pemeriksaan Jurutera untuk Penyenggaraan
Date of Inspection:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan:
Date of Last Engineer Inspection for Maintenance:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan Terakhir oleh Jurutera:
Due Date of Next Engineer Inspection for Maintenance:
Tarikh Pemeriksaan Seterusnya oleh Jurutera:
Weather Condition at Time of Inspection:
Keadaan Cuaca Semasa Pemeriksaan:
Easting: Northing: Date of Construction:
Timur: Utara: Tarikh Pembinaan:
REVIEW OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
(Ulasan Penyenggaraan Rutin)
 Have routine maintenance works been satisfactory carried out? Yes/Partially/No

(Give details if answer is Partially)
Adakah kerja‐kerja penyenggaraan rutin telah dijalankan dengan memuaskan? Ya/Sebahagian/Tidak
(Jelaskan jika sebahagian)
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 Are the maintenance record sheets used adequate? Yes/No

Adakah borang rekod penyenggaraan mencukupi? Ya/Tidak
 Have adequate maintenance records been kept? Yes/No

Adakah rekod penyenggaraan yang dikumpulkan mencukupi? Ya/Tidak
 Is there adequate access to the slope or retaining structure for Maintenance Inspection? Yes/No
Adakah laluan ke cerun/tembok panahan sesuai untuk Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan? Ya/Tidak
 Has the full extent of the slope or retaining structure to be inspected and maintained been Yes/No
established? (i.e. check against lease document issued by the Lands Department?)
Adakah luas kawasan cerun/struktur penahan telah diperiksa dan disenggara sepenuhnya? Ya/Tidak
(iaitu, semak dokumen pajakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak Pejabat Tanah?)
 Has the documentation for the inspection and maintenance of slopes and retaining structures Yes/No
been validated?
Adakah keseluruhan cerun atau struktur penahan yang akan diperiksa dan disenggara Ya/Tidak
telah dikenalpasti daripada segi kesahihan dokumennya?
OTHER OBSERVATIONS
Pemerhatian‐Pemerhatian Lain
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Page | 35

CONDITION OF SOIL
Keadaan Cerun Tanah
Items to be Checked Condition Works Needed
Perkara yang Perlu Disemak Keadaan Kerja Diperlukan
Impermeable surface cover Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Lapisan permukaan tak telap air Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Weepholes Yes/No Clear/Partly blocked/Blocked
Lubang leleh Ya/Tidak Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
Vegetated surface Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Pemukaan bertumbuhan Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Clear/Partly blocked/Blocked
Drainage channels Yes/No Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
Saluran perparitan Ya/Tidak No/Moderate/Severe Cracking
Tiada/Sederhana/Teruk (Retakan)
Sumps and silt traps Yes/No Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
Takungan dan perangkap kelodak Ya/Tidak No/Moderate/Severe Cracking
Associated culverts & natural drainage Yes/No
lines Clear/Partly blocked/Blocked
Pembetung dan jajaran parit semulajadi Ya/Tidak Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
yang berkaitan
Stabilisation Measures Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Tindakan Kestabilan Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Others Specify
Lain‐lain Jelaskan
Questions to be Asked Remarks Works Needed
Soalan yang Perlu Dipertimbangkan Catatan Kerja Diperlukan
Any recent slope failure? Yes/No
Adakah sebarang kegagalan cerun terkini? Ya/Tidak Record any of these anomalies since
the last inspection and note any
Any recent erosion? Yes/No
recurrence of the same problem. If yes
Adakah sebarang hakisan terkini? Ya/Tidak to any of these questions, give details
Any recent movements? Yes/No of the observations and implications of
Adakah sebarang pergerakan terkini? Ya/Tidak the problems (continue on separate
Any recent seepage? Yes/No sheets if necessary)
Adakah sebarang resapan air tanah terkini? Ya/Tidak
Rekodkan sebarang perubahan sejak
Any other signs of distress? Yes/No
(Please specify) pemeriksaan terakhir dan catatkan
Adakah sebarang tanda kegagalan terkini? Ya/Tidak jikalau masalah yang sama berulang.
Jikalau ya, sila nyatakan butiran kepada
(Sila nyatakan)
pemerhatian dan akibatnya (sambung di
helaian yang lain sekiranya perlu)
COMMENTS (continue on separate sheets if needed)

Ulasan (sambung di kertas berasingan jika perlu)
Page | 36

CONDITION OF RETAINING STRUCTURE
Keadaan Struktur Penahan
Mortar joints/pointing Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Sambungan/Pepenjuru mortar Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Outlets of drainpipes Yes/No Clear/Partly blocked/Blocked
Alur keluar saliran paip Ya/Tidak Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
Concrete Facing Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Permukaan konkrit Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Others Specify
Any recent wall settlement? Yes/No
Adakah sebarang enapan terkini Ya/Tidak
pada tembok?
Any recent wall cracking? Yes/No Record any of these anomalies since
Adakah sebarang rekahan terkini Ya/Tidak the last inspection and note any
pada tembok? recurrence of the same problem. If yes
Any recent wall tilting? Yes/No to any of these questions, give details of
Adakah sebarang kecondongan terkini Ya/Tidak the observations and implications of
pada tembok? the problems (continue on separate
Any recent wall bulging? Yes/No sheets if necessary)
Adakah sebarang penggelembungan Ya/Tidak
terkini pada tembok? Rekodkan sebarang perubahan sejak
Any recent seepage? Yes/No pemeriksaan terakhir dan catatkan
Adakah sebarang resapan air tanah terkini? Ya/Tidak jikalau masalah yang sama berulang.
(Please specify)
Adakah sebarang tanda kegagalan terkini? Ya/Tidak
(Sila nyatakan)

Page | 37

CONDITION OF ROCK SLOPE
Keadaan Cerun Batu
Impermeable surface cover Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Lapisan permukaan tak telap air Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Sumps and silt traps Yes/No Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
Takungan dan perangkap kelodak Ya/Tidak No/Moderate/Severe Cracking
Associated culverts & natural drainage Yes/No
lines Clear/Partly blocked/Blocked
Pembetung dan jajaran parit semulajadi Ya/Tidak Bersih/Sebahagian tersumbat/Tersumbat
yang berkaitan
Stabilisation Measures & Protection Yes/No Good/Fair/Poor
Tindakan Kestabilan & Penahan Ya/Tidak Baik/Sederhana/Tidak Baik
Others Specify
Any recent rockfall? Yes/No
Adakah sebarang runtuhan batu terkini? Ya/Tidak
Any loose blocks on slope? Yes/No
Record any of these anomalies since
Adakah sebarang blok longgar pada cerun? Ya/Tidak
the last inspection and note any
Any loose wedges on slope? Yes/No
recurrence of the same problem. If yes
Adakah sebarang baji longgar pada cerun? Ya/Tidak
to any of these questions, give details
Any badly fractured zone? Yes/No
of the observations and implications of
Adakah sebarang zon retakan yang ketara? Ya/Tidak
the problems (continue on separate
Any open joints at the crest? Yes/No
sheets if necessary)
Adakah sebarang sambungan terbuka Ya/Tidak
di puncak?
Rekodkan sebarang perubahan sejak
Any recent seepage? Yes/No
pemeriksaan terakhir dan catatkan
Adakah sebarang resapan air tanah terkini? Ya/Tidak
jikalau masalah yang sama berulang.
(Please specify)
Adakah sebarang tanda kegagalan terkini? Ya/Tidak
(Sila nyatakan)

Page | 38

BURRIED WATER‐CARRYING SERVICES (including ducting systems and conduits)
Perkhidmatan Saluran Pembawa Air di bawah Tanah (termasuk sistem saluran dan konduit)
 Will service adversely affect the slope or retaining structure in event of leakage? Yes/No
Adakah paip perkhidmatan yang lemah akan mengakibatkan kerosakan kepada cerun atau struktur Ya/Tidak
penahan jika berlaku kebocoran?
 Has there been any change to service since last Engineer Inspection for Maintenance? Yes/No
Adakah penggantian dibuat pada peralatan sejak Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan yang terakhir oleh Jurutera? Ya/Tidak
 Are there signs of water leakage from services? Yes/No
Adakah tanda kebocoran air daripada paip perkhidmatan? Ya/Tidak
 Do any services need immediate leakage testing? Yes/No
Adakah paip perkhidmatan memerlukan ujian pembocoran yang serta merta? Ya/Tidak
 Is re‐routing of services necessary and practicable? Yes/No
Adakah perlu dan praktikal jika paip perkhidmatan diubah ke laluan lain? Ya/Tidak
 Do any services require regular checks? (If yes, recommend frequency) Yes/No
Adakah sebarang paip perkhidmatan memerlukan permeriksaan yang lebih kerap? Sekiranya ya, cadangkan Ya/Tidak
kekerapan
If ‘Yes’ in any of the above items, give details of observations and/or recommendations
Jika ada di antara perkara‐perkara di atas adalah ’Ya’, berikan permerhatian yang terperinci dan cadangan‐
cadangan
Others
Lain-lain ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
GENERAL COMMENTS
Komen-komen Umum
 Has Stability Assessment/upgrade works* been carried out? Yes/No

Adakah Penilaian Kestabilan/kerja‐kerja menaiktaraf* telah dijalankan? Ya/Tidak
 Has the stability of the slope/retaining structure*previously been assessed to be adequate? Yes/No
Adakah Penilaian Kestabilan bagi cerun/struktur penahan lepas telah memadai? Ya/Tidak
 Are the engineering approach used, the assumptions and conclusions made in the previous Stability Yes/No
Assessment report reasonable in light of the current practice and safety standards? (If no, give details)
Adakah pendekatan kejuruteraan yang digunakan, anggapan dan kesimpulan yang telah dibuat di dalam Ya/Tidak
laporan Penilaian Kestabilan munasabah dari segi praktis terkini dan piawaian keselamatan? (Jika tidak,
jelaskan)
 Is there any change that has taken place, which could have reduced the stability of the slope/retaining Yes/No
structure since the last Stability Assessment/upgrading works*? (If yes, give details of observations)
Adakah sebarang perubahan yang berlaku, akan melemahkan kestabilan cerun/struktur penahan semenjak Ya/Tidak
Penilaian Kestabilan/Kerja‐kerja menaiktaraf* yang lalu? (Jika ya, jelaskan pemerhatian)
 Has the consequence‐to‐life category of the slope/retaining structure changed? Yes/No
(If yes, from __________to __________and update slope record for facilities type affected)
Adakah kategori akibat‐ke atas‐nyawa cerun/struktur penahan berubah? Ya/Tidak
(Jika ada, dari ________ke______ dan kemaskinikan rekod cerun bagi kemudahan yang terlibat)
 Is the frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection satisfactory? If no, recommend new frequency Yes/No
Adakah kekerapan bagi Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan Rutin memuaskan? (Jika tidak, cadangkan Ya/Tidak
kekerapan baharu)
 Is the frequency of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance satisfactory? (If no, recommend new frequency) Yes/No
Adakah frekuensi bagi Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan oleh Jurutera memuaskan? (Jika tidak, cadangkan Ya/Tidak
frekuensi baharu)
 Has regular check of buried water‐carrying services been carried out? Yes/No
Adakah pemeriksaan kerap bagi perkhidmatan saluran air dan pembentung bawah tanah telah dijalankan? Ya/Tidak
 Has Regular Monitoring of Special Measures (if required) been carried out? Yes/No
Adakah Pemantauan yang kerap bagi Tindakan Khusus (jika ada) telah dijalankan dengan memuaskan? Ya/Tidak
 Have recommendations from past Engineer Inspection been carried out? Yes/No
Adakah cadangan‐cadangan daripada Pemeriksaan Jurutera yang lepas telah dibuat? Ya/Tidak
 Are surface drains adequate in size and proper in layout? (If no, consider recommending Preventive Yes/No
Maintenance Works)
Adakah saiz permukaan parit memadai dan jajarannya sempurna? (Jika tidak, pertimbangkan cadangan Ya/Tidak
Kerja‐kerja Penyenggaraan Pencegahan)
Others
Lain-lain ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….............................
* delete where appropriate
* potong mana‐mana yang tidak berkenaan
Page | 39

RECOMMENDATION OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE WORKS
(Show location and nature of proposed works on a plan)
Cadangan Kerja‐Kerja Penyenggaraan Rutin
(Tunjukkan lokasi dan cadangan kerja‐kerja di atas pelan)
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RECOMMENDATION OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WORKS

(Show location and nature of proposed works on a plan)
Cadangan Kerja‐Kerja Penyenggaraan Pencegahan
(Tunjukkan lokasi dan cadangan kerja‐kerja di atas pelan)
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OVERALL STATE OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE

(Penjelasan Keseluruhan Penyenggaraan Cerun)
 Any major defects in surface protection? Yes/No

Adakah terdapat kerosakan yang serius pada permukaan perlindungan? Ya/Tidak
 Any major defects in surface drainage system? Yes/No

Adakah terdapat kerosakan yang serius pada sistem perparitan permukaan? Ya/Tidak
 Any major defects in subsurface drainage system? Yes/No

Adakah terdapat kerosakan yang serius pada system perparitan sub‐permukaan? Ya/Tidak
 Any major leakage of water‐carrying services? Yes/No

Adakah terdapat kebocoran perkhidmatan saluran air dan pembentung? Ya/Tidak
 Any major defects in special measures? Yes/No

Adakah terdapat kerosakan yang serius dalam tindakan‐tindakan khusus? Ya/Tidak
Others
Lain-lain
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Page | 40

OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
(e.g. where there is concern on the health of the trees and presence of decaying or dying trees, advice from specialist such
as horticulturist may be recommended)
CADANGAN-CADANGAN LAIN
(cth: mana‐mana yang berkait dengan kesihatan pokok‐pokok dan terdapat pokok‐pokok yang telah reput, nasihat daripada p
akar adalah diperlukan)
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 Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspections:

Kekerapan Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan Rutin:
 Frequency of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance:
Kekerapan Pemeriksaan Penyenggaraan oleh Jurutera:
 Frequency of Regular Checks of Buried Water‐Carrying Service:
Kekerapan Pemeriksaan Lazim pada Perkhidmatan Saluran Air Bawah Tanah:
Name of Inspecting Engineer:

Nama Jurutera yang Memeriksa: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
of (organization):
daripada (organisasi): ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Qualification of Inspecting Engineer (e.g. PE):

Kelayakan Jurutera Pemeriksa (contoh P.E.): ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
Signature Date
Tandatangan Tarikh
Received by:
Diterima oleh: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
JKR District:
JKR Daerah: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..
Signature Date
Tandatangan Tarikh
Page | 41

RECORDS OF INFORMATION SEARCH (A list of the documents identified and reviewed, with comments on the contents
date and places each is obtained)
REKOD PENCARIAN MAKLUMAT (Satu senarai dokumen yang telah dikenalpasti dan diulas bersama dengan komen‐komen
berkenaan isi‐isi kandungan, tarikh dan tempat ia diperolehi)
Note:
Add additional record sheets for photographs as necessary.
Nota:
Sila gunakan helaian rekod tambahan untuk fotograf jika perlu.
Page | 42

SITE PLAN (Reference numbers should be assigned to location of man‐made items for which maintenance works are
required. The corresponding reference numbers should be quoted in the photographic record)
PELAN TAPAK (Nombor rujukan pada lokasi struktur buatan manuasia yang memerlukan kerja penyenggaraan hendaklah
diberikan. Nombor rujukan yang sama harus digunakan bagi rekod bergambar)
Note:
Nota:
Page | 43

PHOTOGRAPHS RECORD (with descriptions, date and reference number as given on the site plan)
REKOD FOTOGRAF (disertakan dengan perihalan, tarikh dan no. rujukan seperti yang ditunjukkan di atas pelan tapak)
Note:
(Record photographs should be taken from the same vantage points as the last inspection)
Nota:
(Rekod fotograf perlu diambil pada sudut yang sama seperti pemeriksaan yang sebelumnya)
Page | 44

Slope Maintenance Management Manual

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Slope Maintenance Management Manual

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Public Works Department of Sabah

Public Works Department of Sabah

First published, December 2015

This manual presents the principle of slope maintenance management

“Safe Slope, Saves Life”

IR. RICHARD JOMIJI KINSIL

2.0 SETTING UP OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE WORKING COMMITTEE 3

3.0 SLOPE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT ACTION 5

3.2 Engineer Inspection for Maintenance 9

3.3 Physical Slope Maintenance 11

3.4 Monitoring of Slope Maintenance 11

4.0 SLOPE ANOMALIES AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES 12

5.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WORKS 22

Table Page No.

Figure Page No.

1.1 Objective of Manual

This Slope Maintenance Management Manual is intended to achieve the

1.2 Scope and Limitation of Manual

1.3 Policy of Slope Maintenance

Disseminating Policy of Enhance the

Figure 1: Policy of Slope Maintenance in Sabah

2.0 SETTING UP OF SLOPE MAINTENANCE WORKING COMMITTEE

Efficient exercise of slope maintenance programme shall entail establishment

Table 1: Proposed Setting Up of Slope Maintenance Working Committee

ii) The unit shall be headed by at least an engineer of

iii) Members of the unit shall be comprised of technical

iv) Monthly committee meeting is advised to be

v) Main summary of the monthly achievement of the

Table 1: Proposed Setting Up of

ii) A technical key person of either Assistant Engineer or

3.0 SLOPE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT ACTION

Action in slope maintenance management shall be taken in line with the

Practice of slope maintenance management (explained in Flow Chart as in

3.1 Routine Maintenance Inspection

The routine maintenance inspection of slope serves as a preliminary tool in

3.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Routine Maintenance Inspection

Objective of the routine maintenance inspection is to ascertain the need of

The typical man-man items that require maintenance is illustrated in Figure 2.

3.1.2 Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection

As a guide, the routine maintenance inspection should be conducted in

Table 2: Recommended Frequency of Routine Maintenance Inspection

Frequency of the routine maintenance inspection is however subjected to

Emphasis should also be given to intensify the routine maintenance

3.1.3 Need for Immediate Engineer Inspection for Maintenance

In the presence of slope defects such as tension crack, ground

Examples of the slope defects are depicted in Figure 3.

(a) Tension crack (b) Ground Settlement

(c) Distortion of wall (d) Localised erosion

Figure 3: Example of Slope Defects

3.1.4 Record of Routine Maintenance Inspection

The routine maintenance inspection should be recorded and submitted to

As the proposed rectification of slope defect is of main concern in the record

3.2 Engineer Inspection for Maintenance

3.2.1 Purpose and Scope of Engineer Inspection for Maintenance

The purposes of an Engineer Inspection for Maintenance that will be

i) To determine if Stability Assessment have previously been carried out

iii) To re‐assess the consequence‐to‐life category of the slope or retaining

v) To assess the adequacy of routine maintenance works and

vi) To re‐assess the required frequency of Routine Maintenance