Geography : Ln 4 – Climate 13. Which is a component of upper air circulation?

(a) North-easterlies (b) Jet stream

1. Which is not an element of weather and climate? (c) South-west monsoon (d) Kal Baishakhi
(a) Atmospheric pressure (b) Temperature
(c) Humidity (d) Altitude 14. From which of the following pressure belts do the north-
easterly trade winds originate?
2. Which of the following terms refers to the sum total of (a) Equatorial low pressure belt
weather conditions and variations over a large area for a (b) Subtropical high pressure belt of the Northern
long period of time (more than thirty years)? Hemisphere
(a) Atmosphere (b) Annual range of temperature (c) Subtropical high pressure belt of the Southern
(c) Climate (d) Monsoons Hemisphere
(d) Temperate low pressure belt of the Northern
3. Which one of the following terms is used for the state of Hemisphere
atmosphere over an area at any point of time?
(a) Weather (b) Winds (c) Climate (d) Pressure 15. Due to which reasons is the southwest monsoons rain
bearing winds?
4. In which place of India precipitation is in form of (a) They blow from low pressure area of north-eastern India
snowfall? towards the seas
(a) Shillong (b) Drass (c) Chandigarh (d) Haridwar (b) They are seasonal winds
(c) They blow over warm Indian Ocean and gather moisture
5. Which place of India experiences the highest summer (d) They strike the Himalayas
temperature?
(a) Pahalgam (b) Leh 16. The word monsoon is derived from a word which literally
(c) Thiruvananthapuram (d) Jaisalmer means?
(a) Seasons (b) Wind pattern (c) Change (d) Mausim
6. Which one of the following is the driest station?
(a) Mumbai (b) Leh (c) Bengaluru (d) Delhi 17. In which station of India's mainland do the monsoons
arrive first?
7. Most parts of India receive rainfall during which month? (a) Thiruvananthapuram (b) Kolkata
(a) December to February (b) March to May (c) Chennai (d) Delhi
(c) June to September (d) October to November
18. Which causes rainfall in West Bengal during the hot
8. In which place of India there is very little difference weather season?
between day and night temperatures? (a) Mango showers (b) Kal Baishakhi
(a) Guwahati (b) Nagpur (c) Southwest monsoon (d) Retreating Monsoon
(c) Thiruvananthapuram (d) Delhi
19. The peninsular part of India experiences peak summers
9. Latitude and altitude of a place determine which of the earlier than northern India because:
following climatic elements of a place? (a) There is less rainfall in the peninsula during that time.
(a) Pressure and wind system (b) Temperature (b) Cold waves from Central Asia sweeps through the
(c) Rainfall pattern (d) All the above northern plains during the time.
(c) Due to northward movement of the sun, the global heat
10. Which place of India experiences extreme type of belt shifts northward
climate? (d) Clouds do not form in those months
(a) Shillong (b) Bengaluru (c) Chennai (d) Delhi
20. In winter the western cyclonic disturbances originate
11. Which of the following atmospheric conditions govern the from which sea?
climate and associated weather conditions in India? (a) Mediterranean Sea (b) Indian Ocean
(a) Pressure and surface winds (b) Upper air circulation (c) Caspian Sea (d) Arabian Sea
(c) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones
(d) All the above 1 marks Questions
1. What is the weather conditions of an area for a long
12. Which winds brings widespread rainfall over the period of time called? Climate.
mainland of India?
(a) Northeasterly (b) Westerlies 2. What kind of climate is found in India? Monsoon type.
(c) S.West monsoon winds (d) Sea breeze
3. Give two examples of precipitation. Rain and Snowfall.
 2. Which is the most remarkable feature of the cold weather
4. Give two factors that affect the climate of any place? season over northern plains?
Latitude and Altitude. The most remarkable feature of the cold weather season
over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic
5. What is extreme climate? disturbances from the west and northwest.
It means very hot during summers and very cold during The low pressure systems originate over the Mediterranean
winters. Sea and western Asia moving in India along with the
westerly flow.
6. Which force is responsible for deflection of winds towards They causes the much needed winter rains over the plains
the right in the Northern Hemisphere? Carioles force. and snowfall in the mountains.
Though the total amount of winter rainfall in known as
7. From where the western cyclonic disturbance originate in „mahawat, it is very helpful for the cultivation of Rabi crops.
winter?
from the Mediterranean Sea. 3. “Transition period from hot rainy season to dry winter
conditions linked with the occurrence of cyclonic depression
8. What does ITCZ means? over Andaman Sea.” Explain.
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. The October –November months form a transition period
from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions. The
9. What is Southern Oscillation? temperature rises and sky become clear as the monsoon
It is a periodic change in pressure conditions. retreat. By early November the conditions of the low
pressure over north western India get transformed to the
10. What is El Nino? Bay of Bengal. This shift is linked with the occurrence of
It is Spanish word which means the child. It is the name of cyclonic depressions which originate over Andaman Sea.
warm water current that flows past the Peruvian Coast. These cyclones cause heavy and wide spread rain crossing
the eastern coasts of India. Sometimes these tropical
11. When does the monsoon withdraw from the Northern cyclones caused destruction.
half of the peninsula?
By mid October. 4. Will you interpret the climatic conditions, as the monsoon
retreat?
12. Which place receives the highest rainfall in the world? The temperature rises and sky becomes clearer as the
Mawsynram. monsoon retreat.
The days are warmer while the nights are cooler and
13. What is climate? pleasant.
It is the total of weather conditions and variations of an area The land is still moist.
for a long period of time. It includes study of temperature, The weather becomes oppressive during the day owing to
rainfall, atmospheric pressure etc. the conditions of hightemperature and humidity.

14. What is weather? 5. What does the word „Monsoon‟ imply?

Weather refers to day to day changes in our atmospheric The word „monsoon‟ is derived from the Arabic word
conditions. It also includes temperature, rainfall and „mausim‟ which literally means season. Monsoon refers to
atmospheric pressure. the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
The climate of India is the monsoon type. Such type of
15. What is loo? climate is found mainly in the south and Southeast Asia.
These are strong, gusty, hot and dry winds.
6. How does the latitude affect the climate of an area?
3 marks Questions India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as
1. India lies in which climatic region? Explain. subtropical climate due to the tropic of cancer which passes
There are many climatic regions in the world. through the middle of the country from the Rann of
India’s climate has characterized of Tropical as well as Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east.
subtropical climates due to the tropic of cancer. Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of
This passes through the middle of the country from the Cancer belongs to the Tropical area. All the remaining area,
Rann of Kachchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. north of tropic lies in the sub-tropics.
Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of 7. How does the altitude affect the climate of an area?
Cancer belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area There is about 6000 meters average height of the mountain
lying north of the tropic of cancer belongs to the sub of India, which lies to the north.
tropical area.
The coastal area of India has a maximum elevation about 30
meters. Himalayas prevent the cold winds from central Asia 14. Write three features of Advancing Monsoon.
from entering the subcontinent. Monsoon advances in the month of June and covers the
Due to these mountains the sub-continent experiences country in about a month.
milder winters as compared to central Asia. The low pressure condition intensifies over the northern
plains by the beginning of June.
8. What are jet streams? It attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere.
These are narrow belt of high altitude (Above 12000 meter) These south east trade winds originate over the warm
westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from subtropical areas of the southern oceans flowing towards
about 110 km per hour in summer to about 184 km per hour south westerly direction, crossing the equator and entering
in winter. A number of separate Jet streams have been in the Indian peninsula like the south west monsoon.
identified. The most constant are mid latitude and the
subtropical Jet streams. 15. Write three features of Retreating Monsoon.
The monsoon trough or the low pressure trough becomes
9. What is ITCZ? weaker over the northern plains with the apparent
The inter Tropical Convergence Zone is a broad trough of movement of the sun towards the south during October-
low pressure in equatorial latitudes. This is where the north November.
east and the southeast trade winds converge. This is replaced slowly by a high pressure system. The
This convergence zone lies more or less parallel to the south-west monsoon winds begin withdrawing slowly and
equator but moves north or south with the apparent steady.
movement of the sun. The monsoon withdraws from the northern plains in the
beginning of October. The October-November months from
10. What is El Nino? a transition period from hot rainy season to dry winter
This is the name given to the periodic development of a season.
warm ocean current along the coast of Peru as a temporary
replacement of the cold Peruvian current. 16. Why does Mumbai receive more rainfall in rainy season?
„El Nino‟ is a Spanish word meaning „the child‟, and refers Mumbai receive more rainfall in rainy season from Arabian
to the baby Christ, as this current starts flowing during Sea branch from June-September.
Christmas. Mumbai is located on the western coast which comes in the
The presence of the El Nino leads to an increase in sea way Arabian Sea branch at its earliest.
surface temperature and weakening of the trade winds in It is located on the windward side of the Western Ghats
the region which receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm.

11. What is Burst of the monsoon?

The monsoon starts by early June in India. 5 marks Questions
At the arrival of the monsoon, the normal rainfall becomes 1. What ideas justify that how temperature varies from place
heavy rainfall and continues for many days. to place and season to season in our country?
This sudden increase in rain fall is termed as the „burst‟ of The variation of temperature occasionally touches 50°C in
the monsoon. some part of Rajasthan Desert.
It reaches around 20°C in Pahalagam in Jammu and
12. Why does Mawsynram gets the heaviest rainfall in the Kashmir.
world? On winter night‟s temperature at Drass in Jammu and
Mawsynram is located at 25018‟ N and 91035‟ E in the state Kashmir may be as low as -45°C.
of Meghalaya. On the other hand, Trivavathapuram may touch the
It is 16 km west of Chiraapunji. It gets the heaviest rainfall temperature of 22°C.
in the world. The coastal areas experiences less contrasts in temperature
The warm moist air coming from the Bay of Bengal during conditions. There are many seasonal contrasts existing in the
the monsoon is forced to rain here due to the Khasi hills. interior of the country.
The Khasi hills forced the rain bearing winds to rainfall here.
2. What ideas justify that precipitation varies from place to
13. How Himalayas play a vital role in formulating the place and season to season in our country?
climate of India? This variation can be observed in its amount and seasonal
The Himalayas intercept the south west monsoon and cause distribution.
rainfall in the northern India. They prevent the cold wind of While precipitation is found mostly in the forms of snowfall
central Asia from entering into India. in the upper parts of Himalayas, it rains over the rest of the
The Himalayas check the monsoon wind and do not allow country.
them to cross otherwise the North India would be a desert.
The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in The Arabian Sea branch reaches Mumbai about ten days
Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western later on approximately the 10th of June. The Bay of Bengal
Rajasthan. Branch also arrives in Assam in the first week of June.
Our country mostly receives rainfall from June to By mid June the Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon arrives
September. But some parts of our country like Tamil Nadu over Saurashtra, kuchchh and the central part of the
coast get most of it‟s during October and November. country.
The rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern Plains. The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branches of the
monsoon merge over the north western part of the Ganga
3. What are the features of Monsoon? plains.
The monsoons, unlike the trade winds, are not steady winds By the first week of July, western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,
but are pulsating in nature. Haryana and Eastern Rajasthan experience the monsoon
The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from
early June to mid-September. 7. What are the features of cold weather season in India?
Around the time of its arrival the normal rainfall increases The cold weather season remains from mid November to
suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is February in northern India.
called as the burst of the monsoon. December and January are known as t he coldest months in
The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the India the northern parts ofIndia.
Peninsula generally by the first week of June. The temperature decreases form south to the North. In the
It has two branches- the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of eastern coast, the Average Temperature of Chennai is
Bengal branch. between 24° -25°C, while in the northern plains it ranges
between 10° -15° C.
4. How do Jet Streams influence the climate of India? There is warmness in the day and coldness in the night.
The westerly flow dominates the upper air circulation. These There is snow fall on the higher slopes of the Himalayas and
Jet Streams are known as Subtropical westerly Jet Streams. frost is common in the north.
Jet streams are located approximately over 27°-30° North The northeast trade winds flow over the country during this
latitude. season. They blow from land to sea.
These Jet streams blow south of the Himalayas‟ over India
throughout the year except in summer. 8. What are the features of hot weather season in India?
The north and Northwest parts of the country experience There is hot weather season from March to May in India.
the western cyclonic disturbances which are brought in by The temperature recording taken during march- May at
this westerly flow. different latitudes clearly shows the influence of the shifting
In summer the subtropical westerly Jet streams moves north of the heat belt.
of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun. The Highest temperature is about 30° C in Gujarat and
The tropical easterly Jet Streams flows over peninsular India, Madhya Pradesh in April. In May, the temperature
approximately over 14° north during the summer months. commonly reaches at 45° C in the north western parts of
the country.
5. What are Western Cyclonic Disturbances? Due to the moderating influence of the oceans, the
The Western Cyclonic Disturbances are weather phenomena temperature remains lower in peninsular India.
of the winter months. The Temperature rises and air pressure falls in the northern
They are brought in by the westerly flow from the part of the country during summer month.
Mediterranean region. At the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops
They usually influence the weather of the north and north in the region extending from the Thar Desert in the north-
western regions of India. west to Patna and Chota Nagpur plateau in the east and
They bring rainfall in the states of Punjab, Haryana and south-east.
western Uttar Pradesh. „Loo‟ is the most striking feature of the hot weather season.
Tropical cyclones occur during the monsoon as well as in
October-November, and are part of the easterly flow.
This rainfall is very beneficial for the Rabi crops.

6. Evaluate spread of monsoon over the Indian sub-

continent from Kerala to Jammu and Kashmir.
The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the Indian
peninsula generally by the first week of June.
Subsequently, it proceeds into two branches, Arabian Sea
Branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.