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MATHEMATICS
MATHEMATICS
 1.10 Decimals
1. Place Values of Decimals
We have learned about the place values of integers, for example, in ones place, its
value is 1 and in tens place, its value is 10. To give you the clearer picture of place
values of integers and decimals, consider the below table showing the place value of
each digit of both integers and decimals.
Place Values
Integers Decimals
… Hundreds Tens Ones Ten
Tenths Hundredths Thousandths thousandths …
… 100 10 1 1 1 1 1 …
10 100 1,000 10,000
Worked Example 20
Express the following numbers in expanded form.
1) 10.987 2) 123.45
Solution:
1) 10.987 = (1 × 10) + (9 × 101 ) + (8 × 100
1 ) + (7 × 1 )
1,000
2) 123.45 = (1 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (3 × 1) + (4 × 101 ) + (5 × 100
1)

Practice Now
Express the following numbers in expanded form.
1) 278.91

2) 3,649.253

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 Worked Example 21
Write down the following numbers as decimals.
1) (8 × 100) + (7 × 10) + (6 × 1) + (5 × 101 ) + (4 × 100
1)
2) (5 × 100,000) + (7 × 1,000) + (9 × 10) + (8 × 1001 ) + (6 × 1 )
1,000
Solution:
1) (8 × 100) + (7 × 10) + (6 × 1) + (5 × 101 ) + (4 × 100
1 ) = 876.54
2) (5 × 100,000) + (7 × 1,000) + (9 × 10) + (8 × 1001 ) + (6 × 1 ) = 507,090.086
1,000

Practice Now
Write down the following numbers as decimals.
1) (3 × 100) + (6 × 10) + (8 × 1) + (5 × 101 ) + (7 × 100
1 ) + (9 × 1 )
1,000
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2) (2 × 10,000) + (5 × 1,000) + (4 × 100) + (2 × 101 ) + (3 × 1,000

1 )
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Worked Example 22
What is the value of the digit 5 in each of the following?
1) 25.16 2) 522.47 3) 41.53 4) 10.05
Solution:
1) 5 2) 500 3) 0.5 4) 0.05

Practice Now
What is the value of each digit in 6.372?
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2. Comparison of Decimals
Worked Example 23
Which is greater, -0.45 or -0.5?
Solution:
Method 1: Use a number line.
-0.45
-0.5
-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
From the number line, -0.45 is closer to zero and -0.5 is further from zero.
Thus, -0.45 > -0.5.
Method 2: Use the absolute values.
Since both numbers are negative, the one with the bigger absolute value
is smaller than the other.
! -0.45 ! = 0.45 and ! -0.5 ! = 0.5. In terms of absolute value, 0.45 < 0.5
Thus, -0.45 > 0.5.

Practice Now
Compare the following decimals.
1) 2.456 and 2.457
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2) -2.456 and -2.457

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 Worked Example 24
Arrange the following decimals in decreasing order: 2.437, 2.501, -2.49.
Solution:
Since -2.49 is negative, it is the smallest.
Then compare 2.437 and 2.501.
Step 1: write each decimal on each line and align their decimal points.
2.437
2.501
Step 2: consider each pair of digits from left to right.
2.437 When comparing the first pair of
2.501 digits with different values, the one
Step 3: compare both numbers. with greater value is the greater
number.
Since 4 < 5,
then 2.437 < 2.501
Arranging the decimals in decreasing order: 2.501, 2.49, -2.437.

Practice Now
Arrange the following decimals in increasing order: 1.765, -1.456, -1.82.
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3. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Decimals
1) Addition and Subtraction of Decimals
Worked Example 25
Find the sum of each of the following.
1) 2.9 + 6.78 2) (-3.41) + (-5.72) 3) 8.75 + (-4.08)
Solution:
1) 2.90 + 2) ! -3.41 ! = 3.41 3) ! 8.75 ! = 8.75
6.78 and ! -5.72 ! = 5.72 and ! -4.08 ! = 4.08
9.68 3.41 + 8.75 -
Therefore, 2.9 + 6.78 = 9.68. 5.72 4.08
9.13 4.67
Therefore, (-3.41) + (-5.72) Therefore, 8.75 + (-4.08)
= -9.13. = 4.67.

Practice Now
Find the sum of each of the following.
1) 16.65 + 28.8 2) (-23.651) + (-17.24) 3) (-19.95) + 21.15

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 Worked Example 26
Find the difference of each of the following.
1) 6.4 - 2.68 2) (-13.98) - (-5.66) 3) (-11.44) - 5.88
Solution:
1) 6.40 - 2) ! -13.98 ! = 13.98 3) ! -11.44 ! = 11.44
2.68 and ! -5.66 ! = 5.66 and ! 5.88 ! = 5.88
3.72 13.98 - 11.44 +
Therefore, 6.4 - 2.68 = 3.72. 5.66 5.88
8.32 17.32
Therefore, (-13.98) - (-5.66) Therefore, (-11.44) - 5.88
= -8.32. = -17.32.

Practice Now
Find the difference of each of the following.
1) 22.08 - 2.21 2) (-3.167) - (-12.41) 3) (-29.81) - 14.50

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 2) Multiplication and Division of Decimals
Worked Example 27
Evaluate each of the following.
1) 12.34 × 5.6 2) 4.56 × (-2) 3) (-1.35) × (-0.8)
Solution:
1) 1234 ×
56
7404 12.34 is a multiplicand with 2 decimal points.
61709 5.6 is a multiplier with 1 decimal point.
69104 The product of these decimals has 3 decimal points.
Therefore, 12.34 × 5.6 = 69.104.
2) ! 4.56 ! = 4.56 3) ! -1.35 ! = 1.35
and ! -2 ! = 2 and ! -0.8 ! = 0.8
456 135
× ×
2 8
912 1080
Therefore, 4.56 × (-2) = -9.12. Therefore, (-1.35) × (-0.8) = 1.080.

Practice Now
Evaluate each of the following.
1) 0.17 × 6 2) (-13.56) × 2.4 3) (-137.8) × (-0.35)

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 Worked Example 28
Evaluate each of the following.
1) 0.72 ÷ 0.3 2) (-14.25) ÷ 2 3) (-36.09) ÷ (-0.9)
Solution:
1) 0.72 × 10
0.3 × 10 = 3
7.2
2.4
3 7.2
6
12
12
0
Therefore, 0.72 ÷ 0.3 = 2.4.
2) ! -14.25 ! = 14.25 and ! 2 ! = 2
7.125
2 14.250
14
02
2
05
4
10
10
0
Therefore, (-14.25) ÷ 2 = -7.125.
3) ! -36.09 ! = 36.09, ! -0.9 ! = 0.9 and 36.09 × 10 360.9
0.9 × 10 = 9
40.1
9 360.9
36
009
9
0
Therefore, (-36.09) ÷ (-0.9) = 40.1.
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 Practice Now
Evaluate each of the following.
1) 9.36 ÷ (-4) 2) (-3.45) ÷ (-0.5) 3) 0.92 ÷ 0.4

K 4. Relationship between Fractions and Decimals

E
Y
Any rational number can be written as a fraction or a decimal. In Worked Example 20,
we can see that the digit 9 in 10.987 has the value of 0.9, which corresponds to 109 .
You can write 0.9 in fraction with 9 as a numerator and 10 as a denominator. In this topic,
we will learn about the relationship between fractions and decimals.
Worked Example 29
Convert each of the following into a fraction.
1) 4.1 2) 1.05 3) -0.9827
Solution:
1) 4.1 = 41
10 2) 1.05 = 105 21
100 = 20
9,827
3) -0.9827 = - 10,000

Practice Now
Convert each of the following into a fraction.
1) 2.3 2) 5.16 3) -0.4949
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 Worked Example 30
Convert each of the following into a decimal.
1) 74 2) - 95
Solution:
1) 74 can be written in the form of decimal 2) - 95 can be written in the form of decimal
by dividing 7 by 4. by dividing 9 by 5.
1.75 1.8
4 7.00 5 9.0
4 5
30 40
28 40
20 0
20 9 = 1.8
0 5
Therefore, 74 = 1.75. Therefore, - 95 = -1.8.

Practice Now
Convert each of the following into a decimal.
1) 92 2) - 85
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 1.11 Real-life Applications of
Decimals
In our everyday life, we often involve with situations related to decimals, for example,
trading of consumer products, weights of things and prices of gas. This is the reason
why we need to know how apply the knowledge of decimals on each situation as the
following example:
Worked Example 31
Alan bought 0.6 kg of grapes for 55 baht per kg and 500 g of tomatoes for 17.50 baht
per kg. How much did they cost altogether?
Solution:
500 × 17.50) baht
Total cost (0.6 × 55) + (1,000
= 33 + 8.75 baht
= 41.75 baht
Therefore, they cost 41.75 baht altogether.

Practice Now
Tina ran 4 times around the track. She ran the first two rounds at a timing of 2.55 min
each. She took 2.3 min and 1.8 min to run the third and fourth round respectively.
How long did she take to run the 4 rounds in total? Express your answer in min.

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Exercise 1H
Basic Level
1. Express the following decimals in expanded form.
1) 7,004.56
2) 80.6952
2. Express the following as decimals.
1) (6 × 1,000) + (6 × 10) + (4 × 1) + (3 × 101 ) + (9 × 100
1)

2) (3 × 10,000) + (8 × 1,000) + (7 × 100) + (8 × 101 ) + (2 × 100

1 ) + (5 × 1 )
1,000

3. What is the value of each digit in 8.049?

4. Fill in the boxes with > or <.

1) 0.58 0.6 2) -0.58 -0.6
3) 0.456 0.465 4) -0.456 -0.465
5. Arrange the decimals in decreasing order.
1) 1.38, 1.381, 1.831 2) 3, 3.02, 3.014, 3.023
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3) -0.371, 0.173, 0.713 4) -3.76, -3.067, -3.076

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6. Arrange the decimals in increasing order.
1) 1.002, 0.145, 0.66 2) 2.27, 2.3, 2.283, 2.238
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7. Find the sum of each pair of numbers.

1) 0.05 + 0.17 2) 1.78 + 0.24 3) 3.56 + 2.32 4) 1.95 + 8.57

5) 2.63 + (-8.5) 6) (-5.7) + 6.24 7) (-28.09) + (-3.65) 8) (-14.15) + 21.96

8. Find the value of each of the following.

1) 2.56 - 1.28 2) 5.38 - 4.62 3) 7.8 - 4.95 4) 4 - 1.43

5) 8.63 - (-6.59) 6) (-7) - 5.42 7) (-38.9) - (-3.65) 8) (-30) - (-5.84)

9. Find the product of each of the following.

1) 1.6 × 3 2) 0.18 × 4 3) 5.32 × (-6) 4) (-47.92) × (-5)

10. Find the quotient of each of the following.

1) 2.48 ÷ 2 2) 28.08 ÷ 6 3) 37.45 ÷ (-7) 4) (-71.85) ÷ (-5)

11. Mrs Lim had 25 m of cloth. She used 3.2 m of the cloth to sew a pair of trousers.
She used the remaining cloth to sew 4 long gowns of the same design. What was
the length of cloth Mrs Lim used to sew each gown?
Since the length of cloth left after sewing a pair of trousers is ______ meters,
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the length of cloth left for sewing ___ long gowns is ____ meters.
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Hence, the length of cloth for sewing a long gown is _____ meters.
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Therefore, Mrs Lim used the cloth of __ meters long to sew one long gown.
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 Intermediate Level
12. Find the product of each of the following.
1) 14.72 × 1.2 2) 130.4 × 0.15 3) 0.27 × (-0.08) 4) (-0.25) × (-1.96)

13. Find the quotient of each of the following.

1) 0.81 ÷ 0.3 2) 1.32 ÷ 0.12 3) (-3.426) ÷ 0.06 4) (-4.35) ÷ (-1.5)

14. Convert each of the following into a fraction.

1) 9.8 ……………………………………………………………… 2) 24.03
3) -7.15 ……………………………………………………………… 4) -0.006
15. Convert each of the following into a decimal.
1) 72 ……………………………………………………………… 2) 2 3
5
3) - 20 ……………………………………………………………… 4) -1 809
7

16. Ron climbs 15 flights of stairs from ground level to reach the top of a tower.
He takes a break after 8 flights of stairs. Each step of the first 8 flights of stairs is
22.8 cm, and each step of the next 7 flights of stairs is 24.6 cm. He then climbs
another 34.44 m to reach the top. Assuming that each flight of stairs has an equal
number of steps, how high is the top level of the tower from the ground?
Number of steps in 7 flights of stairs = 3,444 24.6 ÷
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= 140
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Number of steps in 1 flight of stairs = 140 ÷ 7
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= 20
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Height of first 8 flights of stairs = 20 × 8 × 22.8 cm
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= 3,648 cm
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= 36.48 m
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Height from ground to top level of tower = 36.48 + 34.44 = 70.92 m
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Therefore, the top level of the tower is 70.92 meters high from the ground.
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 Advanced Level
17. A boat can hold up to 220 kg of weight, excluding the boatman’s weight. A group
of 6 travelers wish to use the boat to get to their accommodation. The weights of
each traveler and his/her luggage are shown in the table below. A one-way ride on
the boat costs 300 baht while a return trip costs 500 baht. What is the least amount
of money that the travelers have to pay? (Assume that each traveler will only bring
their own luggage with them, and that if the boat comes back to the jetty to make
another trip to the accommodation, they will have to request for a return trip.)
Traveler no. Weight of traveler (kg) Weight of luggage (kg)
1 55.8 10.75
2 52.4 10.64
3 60.2 12.93
4 62.5 13.88
5 58.3 11.69
6 70.6 15.48
The weight of the 1st traveler and his/her bag is 66.55 kg.
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The weight of the 2nd traveler and his/her bag is 63.04 kg.
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The weight of the 3rd traveler and his/her bag is 73.13 kg.
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The weight of the 4th traveler and his/her bag is 76.38 kg.
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The weight of the 5th traveler and his/her bag is 69.99 kg.
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The weight of the 6th traveler and his/her bag is 86.08 kg.
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If this group of travelers wish to use the boat to get to their accommodation with the least
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number of rides, it can be done by:
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letting the 1st, 2nd and 6th travelers take the first ride to their accommodation
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and letting the 3rd, 4th and 5th travelers take the second ride to their accommodation.
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Hence, the 1st, 2nd and 6th travelers have to pay 300 baht altogether for the ride
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and the 3rd, 4th and 5th travelers have to pay 550 baht altogether for the ride.
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Therefore, the least amount of money these travelers have to pay for the rides is
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300 + 550 = 850 baht.
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Review Exercise 1
1. Fill in each box with ‘>’ or ‘<’.
1) (-7) - 38 > 8 + (-55) 2) 2.38 - 10.58 > (-11.97) - (-2.69)
3) (-5) × 15 < 50 ÷ (-8) 4) 7 15 - (-3 103 ) < 19 25 + (-8 101 )
2. Arrange the following numbers from the greatest to the smallest.
1) 4, 29 3
33 , -2.365, 5.5, - 4 2) 58, -8, 10 12, 5.855
5.5, 4, 29 3
33, - 4, -2.365
............................................................................................................. 10 12, 5.855, 58, -8
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3. Find the value of each of the following.

1) 13 - (-54) = 67
……………………………………….. 2) (-74) - (-46) = -28
………………………………….

3) 11 + (-33) - (-7) ………………………………………..

= -15 4) (-13) + (-15) + (-8) …………………………………..
= -36
4. Find the value of each of the following.
K
1) (-12) × 7 …………………………………………………..
= -84 2) 4 × (-5) × (-6) ………………………………………….
= 120 E
Y
3) (-600) ÷ 15 …………………………………………………..
= -40 4) 50 ÷ (-8) ÷ (-5) ………………………………………….
= 1.25
5. Find the value of each of the following.
1) [(-3) - 5] × [(-3) - 4] = 56
………………. 2) 4 × (-5) ÷ (-2) = 10
……………….

3) (-5) × 6 - 18 ÷ (-3) = -24 4) 2 × ! -3 ! - 3 × 4

………………. = -6
……………….

5) ! -4 ! ÷ ! -8 ! + 3 × (-2) = -5.5 6) ! -2 ! - (-2) × 5 + ! -6 ! ÷ (-3) ……………….

………………. = 10
6. Convert the following fractions into decimals.
1) 54 = 1.25
……………………………………………………………. 2) 45 = 0.8
………………………………………………………………..

3) - 253 …………………………………………………………….
= -0.12 4) - 125 = -15.625
8 ………………………………………………………………..
7. Convert the following decimals into fractions.
= 34
1) 0.75 ………………………………………………………………… = -2 103
2) -2.3 ……………………………………………………………………

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