HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part III Metals

Chemistry: Chapter 12 Reacting masses

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 12 Reacting masses

Multiple-choice questions

Section 12.1
|!|CMEMF0031200001|!| |!|CSEMF0031200001|!|
1 mol of calcium chloride contains
A. 1 mol of calcium chloride molecules.
B. 6.02 × 1023 calcium atoms and 2 × 6.02 × 1023 chlorine atoms.

C. × 6.02 × 1023 calcium ions and 6.02 × 1023 chloride ions.

D. 6.02 × 1023 calcium ions and 2 × 6.02 × 1023 chloride ions.


##D The formula of calcium chloride is CaCl2. 1 mol of CaCl2 contains 1 mol of
calcium ions (not atom) and 2 mol of chloride ions (not atoms). As 1 mol represents
6.02  1023 formula units of particles, D is correct.##

|!|CMEMF0031200002|!| |!|CSEMF0031200002|!|
Which of the following statements about 0.4 mol of aluminium oxide is correct?
A. There are 0.4 mol of Al2+ ions and 0.4 mol of O2 ions.
B. There are 0.8 mol of Al+ ions and 0.4 mol of O2 ions.
C. There are 0.8 mol of Al3+ ions and 1.2 mol of O2 ions.
D. There are 1.2 mol of Al3+ ions and 0.8 mol of O2 ions.

##C The formula of aluminium oxide is Al2O3. 1 mol of Al2O3 contains 2 mol of Al3+
ions and 3 mol of O2 ions. Therefore, 0.4 mol of Al2O3 contains 2 × 0.4 = 0.8 mol of
Al3+ ions and 3 × 0.4 = 1.2 mol of O2 ions.##

|!|CMEMH0031200003|!| |!|CSEMH0031200003|!|
A mixture of copper(II) sulphate and copper(II) bromide contains 0.3 mol of sulphate
ions and 0.6 mol of bromide ions. How many moles of copper(II) ions are there in the
mixture?
A. 0.6 mol
B. 0.8 mol
C. 0.9 mol
D. 1.1 mol


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##A The formula of copper(II) sulphate is CuSO4. 1 mol of CuSO4 contains 1 mol of
Cu2+ ions and 1 mol of SO42 ions. Therefore, 0.3 mol of SO42 ions implies the
presence of 0.3 mol of Cu2+ ions. The formula of copper(II) bromide is CuBr2. 1 mol
of CuBr2 contains 1 mol of Cu2+ ions and 2 mol of Br ions. Therefore, 0.6 mol of Br

ions implies the presence of = 0.3 mol of Cu2+ ions. Hence, there is 0.3 + 0.3 =

0.6 mol of Cu2+ ions in the mixture.##

|!|CMEMF0031200004|!| |!|CSEMF0031200004|!|
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. 1 mol of oxygen gas contains the same number of atoms as there are in 1
mol of neon gas.
B. 1 mol of magnesium contains the same number of atoms as there are in 1
mol of iodine.
C. 1 mol of chlorine gas contains the same number of molecules as there are in
1 mol of bromine gas.
D. 1 mol of sodium atoms has the same mass as 1 mol of potassium atoms.

##C Oxygen is diatomic while neon is monoatomic. 1 mol of oxygen and 1 mol of
neon do not have the same number of atoms. 1 mol of iodine contains 2 mol of iodine
atoms. Sodium and potassium have different atomic masses.##

|!|CMEMF0031200005|!| |!|CSEMF0031200005|!|
What is the mass of 2.3 mol of aluminium oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0)
A. 102.0 g
B. 234.6 g
C. 367.5 g
D. 417.4 g

##B The formula of aluminium oxide is Al2O3. Formula mass of Al2O3 = 2 × 27.0 + 3
× 16.0 = 102.0. Mass of 2.3 mol of Al2O3 = 102.0 × 2.3 = 234.6 g##

|!|CMEMF0031200006|!| |!|CSEMF0031200006|!|
M is a Group I metal. 0.5 mol of the metal sulphate weighs 71.05 g. What is the
relative atomic mass of M?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, S = 32.1)
A. 19.0

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B. 23.0
C. 27.0
D. 31.0

##B The formula of this metal sulphate is M2SO4. Let the relative atomic mass of M
be m. Formula mass of M2SO4 = 2m + 32.1 + 16.0 × 4 = 2m + 96.1. Number of moles

of metal sulphate = 0.5 = , m = 23.0##

|!|CMEMF0031200007|!| |!|CSEMF0031200007|!|
Which of the following substances contains the least number of ions?
A. 0.7 mol of Na2O
B. 0.9 mol of CaO
C. 0.5 mol of Al2O3
D. 0.8 mol of MgCl2

##B
Substance Number of mol of ions (mol)
0.7 mol of Na2O 0.7 × 3 = 2.1
0.9 mol of CaO 0.9 × 2 = 1.8
0.5 mol of Al2O3 0.5 × 5 = 2.5
0.8 mol of MgCl2 0.8 × 3 = 2.4
##

|!|CMEMF0031200008|!| |!|CSEMF0031200008|!|
Which of the following substances has the smallest mass?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, K = 39.1, Ca = 40.1, Fe = 55.8,
Br = 79.9)
A. 0.8 mol of CaBr2
B. 1 mol of C4H10
C. 1.5 mol of Fe2O3
D. 1.9 mol of K

##B
Substance Mass
0.8 mol of CaBr2 0.8 × (40.1 + 79.9 × 2) = 159.9 g
1 mol of C4H10 1 × (4.0 × 12 + 1.0 × 10) = 58.0 g

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1.5 mol of Fe2O3 1.5 × (55.8 × 2 + 16.0 × 3) = 239.4 g

1.9 mol of K 1.9 × 39.1 = 74.3 g
##

|!|CMEMF0031200009|!| |!|CSEMF0031200009|!|
How many moles of aluminium ions are present in 17.12 g of aluminium sulphate?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0, S = 32.1)
A. 0.005 mol
B. 0.01 mol
C. 0.05 mol
D. 0.1 mol

##D Formula mass of Al2(SO4)3 = 27.0 × 2 + (32.1 + 16.0 × 4 ) × 3 = 342.3

Number of moles of Al2(SO4)3 present = = 0.05 mol. As 1 mol of

Al2(SO4)3 contains 2 mol of Al3+ ions, 0.05 mol of Al2(SO4)3 contains 2 × 0.05 = 0.1
mol of Al3+ ions.##

|!|CMEMF0031200010|!| |!|CSEMF0031200010|!|
What is the mass of sulphur that contains the same number of atoms as 8.1 g of
magnesium?
(Relative atomic masses: Mg = 24.3, S = 32.1)
A. 5.3 g
B. 10.7 g
C. 16.0 g
D. 21.4 g

##B Number of moles of magnesium present = = 0.33 mol. Mass of

sulphur = 0.33 mol × 32.1 g mol1 = 10.7 g##

|!|CMEMF0031200011|!| |!|CSEMF0031200011|!|
Which of the following substances contains the same number of ions as 2.340 g of
sodium chloride?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Na = 23.0, Mg = 24.3, S = 32.1, Cl = 35.5, K =
39.1, Ca = 40.1, Zn = 65.4)
A. 2.984 g of potassium chloride

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B. 3.125 g of zinc chloride

C. 3.598 g of calcium sulphate
D. 5.529 g of magnesium bromide

##A Number of moles of NaCl present = = 0.04 mol

As 1 mol of NaCl contains 2 mol of ions, the number of moles of ions in 2.340 g of
NaCl = 0.04 × 2 = 0.08 mol
Substance Number of moles of ions

2.984 g of KCl × 2 = 0.08 mol

3.125 g of ZnCl2 × 3 = 0.069 mol

3.598 g of CaSO4 × 2 = 0.026 mol

5.529 g of MgBr2 × 3 = 0.090 mol

##

|!|CMEMH0031200012|!| |!|CSEMH0031200012|!|
If 2.4 g of oxygen contains x atoms, how many atoms are there in 12.0 g of helium?
(Relative atomic masses: He = 4.0, O = 16.0)
A. 5x
B. 10x
C. 20x
D. 30x


##C Number of moles of oxygen molecules present = = 0.075 mol

∴ number of moles of oxygen atoms present = 0.075 × 2 mol = 0.15 mol

Number of moles of helium atoms = = 3.0 mol

Since 0.15 mol of oxygen contains x atoms, 3 mol of helium contains = 20x

atoms.##

|!|CMEMH0031200013|!| |!|CSEMH0031200013|!|

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XO3 and XH4 are simple molecular substances. If 1 mol of XO3 contains the same
number of atoms as 72.0 g of XH4, What is the relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: H = 1.0)
A. 72.0
B. 86.0
C. 90.0
D. 102.0

##B Let the relative atomic mass of X be x. 1 mol of XO3 contains 4 mol of atoms. 1
mol of XH4 contains 5 mol of atoms.

Number of moles of atoms in 72.0 g of XH4 = ×5

Since 1 mol of XO3 contains 4 mol of atoms

∴ ×5=4

x = 86.0##

|!|CMEMH0031200014|!| |!|CSEMH0031200014|!|
If 2 mol of ozone, O3, contain y atoms, how many atoms are there in 1 mol of oxygen,
O2?

A.

B.

C.

D.


##B 2 mol of ozone contain 6 mol of oxygen atoms. Therefore, 6 × Avogadro

constant = y and Avogadro constant = . 1 mol of oxygen contains 2 mol of oxygen

atoms. Thus it contains 2 × = atoms.##

|!|CMEMF0031200015|!| |!|CSEMF0031200015|!|
Which of the following statements about one mole of propane (C3H8) and one mole of

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propene (C3H6) is/are correct?

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0)
(1) They have equal molar masses.
(2) They contain the same number of molecules.
(3) They contain the same number of atoms.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B The molar masses of propane and propene are 44.0 g mol1 and 42.0 g mol1
respectively. As they contain the same number of moles of molecules (i.e. 1 mol), they
contain the same number of molecules (i.e. 6.02 × 1023). 1 mol of propane contains 11
× 6.02 × 1023 = 6.62 × 1024 atoms, while 1 mol of propene contains 9 × 6.02 × 1023 =
5.42 × 1024 atoms.##

|!|CMEMF0031200016|!| |!|CSEMF0031200016|!|
What is the number of moles of carbon atoms in 4.7 g of ethane, C2H6?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0)
A. 0.16 mol
B. 0.28 mol
C. 0.32 mol
D. 0.96 mol

##C Number of moles of ethane = = 0.16 mol. As 1 mol

of ethane contains 2 mol of carbon atoms, 0.16 mol of ethane contains 0.16 × 2 mol =
0.32 mol of carbon atoms.##

|!|CMEMF0031200017|!| |!|CSEMF0031200017|!|
What is the formula mass of iron(II) sulphate-7-water?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Fe = 55.8)
A. 151.9
B. 169.9
C. 229.9
D. 277.9

##D Formula mass of FeSO4 • 7H2O = 55.8 + 32.1 + 16.0 × 4 + 7 × (1.0 × 2 + 16.0)

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= 277.9.##

|!|CMEMF0031200018|!| |!|CSEMF0031200018|!|
How many moles of calcium ions are present in 200.2 g of calcium carbonate?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Ca = 40.1)
A. 0.5 mol
B. 1 mol
C. 2 mol
D. 4 mol


##C Number of moles of CaCO3 = = 2.00 mol

As 1 mol of CaCO3 contains 1 mol of calcium ions, 2 mol of CaCO3 contain 2 mol of
calcium ions.##

|!|CMEMH0031200019|!| |!|CSEMH0031200019|!|
A mixture of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate contains 0.6 mol of
chloride ions and 0.2 mol of sulphate ions. The number of moles of magnesium ions
present is
A. 0.4 mol.
B. 0.5 mol.
C. 0.8 mol.
D. 1.0 mol.

##B 1 formula unit of MgCl2 contains 1 Mg2+ and 2 Cl. 1 formula unit of MgSO4

contains 1 Mg2+ and 1 SO42. Number of moles of Mg2+ ions present = mol

= 0.5 mol##

|!|CMEMF0031200020|!| |!|CSEMF0031200020|!|
Which of the following represents the mass of an oxygen molecule?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A. 16.0 g
B. 16.0 × 2 g

C. g

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D. g


##D##

|!|CMEMF0031200037|!| |!|CSEMF0031200037|!|
What is the total mass of metals in 5 mol of K2Cr2O7?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, K = 39.1, Cr = 52.0)
A. 260.0 g
B. 391.0 g
C. 520.0 g
D. 911.0 g

1
##D Mass of K in 5 mol of K2Cr2O7 = 5 mol × 2 × 39.1 g mol = 391.0 g
Mass of Cr in 5 mol of K2Cr2O7 = 5 mol × 2 × 52.0 g mol1 = 520.0 g
Total mass of metals = 391.0 g + 520.0 g = 911.0 g##

|!|CMEMF0031200038|!| |!|CSEMF0031200038|!|
Which of the following statements concerning 1 mol of glucose (C6H12O6) is/are
correct?
(1) It contains 6.02 × 1023 glucose atoms.
(2) Its mass is 180.0 g.
(3) It contains 6 mol of carbon atoms.
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D 1 mol of glucose contains 6.02 × 10 glucose molecules.##
23

|!|CMEMF0031200039|!| |!|CSEMF0031200039|!|
Which of the following compounds has the smallest number of ions?
A. 3 mol of iron(III) sulphate
B. 4 mol of lead(II) nitrate
C. 5 mol of sodium chromate
D. 6 mol of calcium chloride


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##B
Substance Number of moles of ions
3 mol of iron(III) sulphate (Fe2(SO4)3) 3 × (2 + 3) = 15 mol
4 mol of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) 4 × (1 + 2) =12 mol
5 mol of sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) 5 × (2 + 1) = 15 mol
6 mol of calcium chloride (CaCl2) 6 × (1 + 2) = 18 mol
##

|!|CMEMF0031200040|!| |!|CSEMF0031200040|!|
Which of the following samples of gases contains the greatest number of atoms?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, Cl = 35.5, Ar = 40.0)
A. 10.0 g of Cl2
B. 11.0 g of Ar
C. 12.0 g of HCl
D. 13.0 g of C2H6

##D
Cl2 Ar HCl C2H6
Mass (g) 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
Molar mass 35.5 × 2 = 71 40.0 1.0 + 35.5 = 36.5 12.0 × 2 + 1.0 × 6
(g mol1) = 30.0
Number of moles
= 0.141 = 0.275 = 0.329 = 0.433
of molecules
(mol)
Number of moles 0.141 × 2 = 0.282 0.275 0.329 × 2 = 0.658 0.433 × 8 = 3.464
of atoms (mol)
##

|!|CMEMH0031200041|!| |!|CSEMH0031200041|!|
Element Y is a non-metal. It can form two oxides, YO2 and Y2O5. If 1 mol of YO2
contains n atoms, 2 mol of Y2O5 contains
A. 2n atoms.

B. n atoms.

C. n atoms.

D. 7n atoms.

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
##C As there are three atoms in each YO2 molecule, n = Avogadro constant × 3 and

Avogadro constant = . 2 mol of Y2O5 contains 2 × Avogadro constant × 7 atoms,

which is equals to 2 × × 7 = n atoms.##

Section 12.2
|!|CMEMF0031200021|!| |!|CSEMF0031200021|!|
What is the percentage by mass of chlorine in 11.8 g of aluminium chloride?
(Relative atomic masses: Al = 27.0, Cl = 35.5)
A. 20.2%
B. 56.8%
C. 72.4%
D. 79.8%

##D Formula mass of AlCl3 = 27.0 + 35.5 × 3 = 133.5

Percentage by mass of chlorine = × 100% = 79.8%.##

|!|CMEMF0031200022|!| |!|CSEMF0031200022|!|
What is the mass of iron in 15 g of iron(II) sulphate-7-water?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Fe = 55.8)
A. 0.2 g
B. 3.0 g
C. 6.2 g
D. 20.0 g

##B Percentage by mass of Fe in FeSO4 • 7H2O

= × 100% = 20.0%

Mass of Fe in FeSO4 • 7H2O = 15 g × 20.0% = 3.0 g##

|!|CMEMH0031200023|!| |!|CSEMH0031200023|!|
The chloride of a metal X has the formula XCl3 and contains 65.6% by mass of
chloride. What is the relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5)
A. 12.2

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B. 18.6
C. 34.4
D. 55.8

##D Percentage by mass of X in XCl3 = 100% − 65.6% = 34.4%
Let the relative atomic mass of X be a.

Percentage by mass of X in XCl3 = × 100%

34.4% = × 100%

a = 55.8##

|!|CMEMF0031200024|!| |!|CSEMF0031200024|!|
Given that the relative atomic mass of X is 48.0. What is the percentage by mass of X
in CaX2O7?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Ca = 40.1)
A. 33.3%
B. 38.7%
C. 46.1%
D. 48.0%

##B Percentage by mass of X

= × 100%

= × 100% = 38.7%##

|!|CMEMH0031200025|!| |!|CSEMH0031200025|!|
Element X reacts with chlorine to form a compound with the formula of X2Cl3. This
compound contains 25% by mass of chlorine. What is the relative atomic mass of the
element X?
(Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5)
A. 39.9
B. 79.9
C. 106.5
D. 159.8


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##D Let the relative atomic mass of the element X be x.

Percentage by mass of X =

× 100%

1 − 0.25 =

x = 159.8##

|!|CMEMH0031200026|!| |!|CSEMH0031200026|!|
An ore sample contained 60% Al2O3 by mass. The rest of the substances in the ore did
not contain aluminium. What was the percentage by mass of aluminium in the
sample?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0)
A. 24.0%
B. 31.8%
C. 52.9%
D. 60.0%

##B Percentage by mass of aluminium in Al2O3 = × 100% = 52.9%

Percentage by mass of aluminium in the ore sample = 52.9% × 60% = 31.8%##

|!|CMEMF0031200027|!| |!|CSEMF0031200027|!|
An element X forms an oxide X2O which contains 11.2% of oxygen by mass. The
relative atomic mass of X is
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0)
A. 14.0.
B. 23.0.
C. 63.4.
D. 108.0.

##C Let the relative atomic mass of X be a.

Percentage by mass of oxygen in X2O = × 100%

a = 63.4 ##

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|!|CMEMF0031200042|!| |!|CSEMF0031200042|!|
What is the percentage by mass of oxygen in CuSO4 • 5H2O?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Cu = 63.5)
A. 25.6%
B. 32.1%
C. 40.1%
D. 57.7%

##D Percentage by mass of oxygen = × 100% =

57.7%##

|!|CMEMF0031200043|!| |!|CSEMF0031200043|!|
Which of the following statements about a lead ore consisting mainly of lead(II)
sulphide is/are correct?
(Relative atomic masses: S = 32.1, Pb = 207.2)
(1) This ore is called haematite.
(2) Lead can be extracted from this ore by heating the ore with carbon.
(3) The percentage by mass of lead in lead(II) sulphide is 76.3%.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B The lead ore consisting mainly of lead(II) sulphide is called galena. Percentage

by mass of lead in lead(II) sulphide = × 100% = 86.6%.##

|!|CMEMF0031200044|!| |!|CSEMF0031200044|!|
Which of the following statements about a mercury ore consisting mainly of HgS are
correct?
(Relative atomic masses: S = 32.1, Hg = 200.6)
(1) Mercury can be extracted from this ore by heating the ore alone in air.
(2) The abundance of this ore in the Earth’s crust is low.
(3) The percentage by mass of Hg in HgS is 86.2%.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only

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C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D Percentage by mass of Hg in HgS = × 100% = 86.2%##

|!|CMEMF0031200045|!| |!|CSEMF0031200045|!|
An oxide, X2O3, contains 52.9% by mass of X. What is the relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A. 24.5
B. 55.8
C. 69.7
D. 207.2

##A Let the relative atomic mass of X be a.

52.9% = × 100%

a = 24.5##

Section 12.3
|!|CMEMF0031200028|!| |!|CSEMF0031200028|!|
Which of the following is the structural formula of a compound?
A. K+Cl
B. O=C=O
C. CH2O
D. CCl4

##B O=C=O is the structural formula of carbon dioxide. It shows how carbon and
oxygen atoms are arranged in a CO2 molecule. K+Cl is the ionic formula of potassium
chloride. CH2O may be a molecular formula or an empirical formula of a molecular
substance. CCl4 is the molecular formula of tetrachloromethane.##

|!|CMEMF0031200046|!| |!|CSEMF0031200046|!|
Which of the following combinations is correct?
Substance Structural formula
A. Phosphorus (white) PP
B. Silicon dioxide O=Si=O

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C. Sulphur dichloride ClSCl

D. Neon NeNe

##C The atomicity of phosphorus (white) is 4. SiO2 has a giant covalent structure and
has no structural formula. Neon is monoatomic.##

Section 12.4
|!|CMEMF0031200029|!| |!|CSEMF0031200029|!|
What is the empirical formula for a compound having the following composition by
mass?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0, S = 32.1)
Element Composition by mass (%)
Aluminium 15.79
Sulphur 28.07
Oxygen 56.14
A. Al2S3O9
B. Al2S3O12
C. AlSO4
D. Al2SO4

##B Assume that there are 100 g of compound.
Al S O
Mass (g) 15.79 28.07 56.14
Number of moles of
= 0.585 = 0.874 = 3.51
atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms
=1 = 1.50 =6

Simplest whole number

1×2=2 1.5 × 2 = 3 6 × 2 = 12
mole ratio of atoms
∴ the empirical formula of the compound is Al2S3O12.##

|!|CMEMF0031200030|!| |!|CSEMF0031200030|!|
A compound forms when 40.0 g of element X reacts completely with 69.0 g of
element Y. What is the empirical formula of the compound? (Given that the relative
atomic masses of X and Y are 20.0 and 23.0 respectively.)
A. X2Y3
B. X3Y2

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C. XY
D. XY3

##A The compound contains mol = 2.0 mol of X and mol = 3.0 mol of

Y.##

|!|CMEMH0031200031|!| |!|CSEMH0031200031|!|
13.70 g of an oxide of metal X (relative atomic mass = 207.0) reacts with excess
hydrogen to produce metal X and 1.44 g of water. What is the empirical formula of the
oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
A. XO
B. XO2
C. X2O
D. X3O4

##D Let the formula of the oxide of X be XaOb.
XaOb + bH2  aX + bH2O
Mass (g) 13.70 1.44

Number of moles of water (H2O) produced = = 0.08 mol

Number of moles of the oxide of X present = =

13.70b = 16.56a + 1.28b

∴ the empirical formula of the oxide of X is X3O4.##

|!|CMEMF0031200032|!| |!|CSEMF0031200032|!|
Which of the following data are necessary for the determination of the molecular
formula of a compound containing carbon and hydrogen only?
(1) The formula mass of the compound
(2) The composition by mass of the compound
(3) The relative atomic masses of carbon and hydrogen
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only

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C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0031200033|!| |!|CSEMF0031200033|!|
Complete combustion of 1.86 g of a carbon compound Y only gave 2.64 g of carbon
dioxide and 1.62 g of water as products. If the relative molecular mass of Y is 62.0,
what is its molecular formula?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A. CHO
B. CH3O
C. C2H6O2
D. C3H9O3

##C Mass of C in compound Y = 2.64 g × = 0.72 g,

Mass of H in compound Y = 1.62 g × = 0.18 g,

Mass of O in compound Y = (1.86 – 0.72 – 0.18) g = 0.96 g

C H O
Mass (g) 0.72 0.18 0.96
Number of moles of
= 0.06 = 0.18 = 0.06
atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms
=1 =3 =1

∴ the empirical formula of compound Y is CH3O.

Let the molecular formula of compound Y be (CH3O)n, where n is a whole number.
Relative molecular mass of (CH3O)n = 62.0
n (12.0 + 1.0 × 3 + 16.0) = 62.0
n=2
∴ molecular formula of compound Y is C2H6O2.##

|!|CMEMH0031200047|!| |!|CSEMH0031200047|!|
A carbon compound X is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. The
percentage by mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are 54.5%, 9.10% and 36.4%
respectively. Which of the following is NOT a possible chemical formula of X?

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(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)

A. CH3CHO
B. CH3COOH
C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO

##B Assume that there are 100 g of X.
C H O
Mass (g) 54.5 9.10 36.4
Number of moles of
= 4.54 = 9.10 = 2.28
atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms 2 4 1
∴ the empirical formula of X is C2H4O. All the options have the empirical
formula of C2H4O except option (B), which has the empirical formula CH2O.##

|!|CMEMH0031200048|!| |!|CSEMH0031200048|!|
A carbon compound X has the following composition by mass:
C: 45.09% H: 6.62% Cl: 33.27% O: 15.02%
Which of the following is the possible chemical formula of X?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Cl = 35.5)
A. CH3CH2COCl
B. CH3CH2COCH2Cl
C. CH3CH2COOCH2Cl
D. CH3CH2COCHCl2

##B Assume that there are 100 g of X.
C H Cl O
Mass (g) 45.09 6.62 33.27 15.02
Number of moles
= 3.76 = 6.62 = 0.94 = 0.94
of atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms 4 7 1 1
∴ the empirical formula of X is C4H7ClO.##

|!|CMEMF0031200049|!| |!|CSEMF0031200049|!|
An oxide of vanadium contains 68.0% of vanadium by mass. Which of the following
is the empirical formula of this oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, V = 50.9)

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A. VO
B. VO2
C. V2O3
D. V2O5

##C Assume that there are 100 g of the oxide of vanadium.
V O
Mass (g) 68.0 32.0
Number of moles of
= 1.34 =2
atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms 1 1.49
Simplest whole number 2 3
mole ratio of atoms
∴ the empirical formula of the oxide of vanadium is V2O3.##

|!|CMEMF0031200050|!| |!|CSEMF0031200050|!|
A chemist carried out combustion analysis to determine the empirical formula of a
carbon compound. Which of the following additional information are required for the
chemist to deduce the molecular formula of the compound?
(1) Formula mass of the carbon compound
(2) Relative atomic mass of each constituent element
(3) Structural formula of the carbon compound
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A##

|!|CMEMF0031200051|!| |!|CSEMF0031200051|!|
The relative atomic mass of metal Y is 52.0. When 20.52 g of Y burns in excess
oxygen, the mass of metal oxide obtained is 29.99 g. What is the empirical formula of
the oxide?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A. YO
B. Y2O3
C. Y3O4

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D. Y2O7

##B
Y O
Mass (g) 20.52 29.99  20.52 = 9.47
Number of moles of
= 0.39 = 0.59
atoms (mol)
Mole ratio of atoms 1 1.53
Simplest whole number 2 3
mole ratio of atoms
∴ the empirical formula of the metal oxide is Y2O3.##

|!|CMEMH0031200052|!| |!|CSEMH0031200052|!|
The formula of the chloride of metal X is XCl3. Complete reaction of 31.92 g of the
oxide of X with hydrogen gas gives metal X and 10.80 g of water. What is the relative
atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A. 10.8
B. 27.0
C. 55.8
D. 69.7

##C X2O3(s) + 3H2(g)  2X(s) + 3H2O(l)

Number of moles of H2O produced = = 0.60 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of X2O3 : H2O = 1 : 3.

∴ number of moles of X2O3 reacted = = 0.20 mol

Molar mass of X2O3 =

Let the relative atomic mass of X be M.

2M + 16.0 × 3 = 159.6
M = 55.8##

Section 12.5
|!|CMEMF0031200034|!| |!|CSEMF0031200034|!|
20.7 g of lead metal reacts with excess oxygen to form lead(II) oxide on strong

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heating. What is the mass of lead(II) oxide formed?

(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Pb = 207.2)
A. 11.1 g
B. 22.3 g
C. 33.4 g
D. 44.6 g

##B 2Pb(s) + O2(g)  2PbO(s)

Number of moles of Pb used = = 0.10 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of Pb : PbO = 1 : 1.

∴ number of moles of PbO formed = 0.10 mol
Mass of PbO formed = 0.10 mol × (207.0 + 16.0) g mol1 = 22.3 g##

|!|CMEMF0031200035|!| |!|CSEMF0031200035|!|
The mass of zinc oxide required for producing 0.8 mol of zinc by carbon reduction is
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Zn = 65.4)
A. 3.26 g.
B. 6.51 g.
C. 32.6 g.
D. 65.1 g.

##D 2ZnO(s) + C(s)  2Zn(s) + CO2(g)
From the equation, mole ratio of ZnO : Zn = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of ZnO required = 0.8 mol
Mass of ZnO required = 0.8 mol × (65.4 + 16.0) g mol1 = 65.1 g##

|!|CMEMF0031200036|!| |!|CSEMF0031200036|!|
What is the mass of carbon required for the complete reduction of 7.2 g of iron(III)
oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Fe = 55.8)
A. 0.52 g
B. 0.81 g
C. 1.36 g
D. 2.20 g

##B 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s)  4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

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Number of moles of Fe2O3 used = = 0.045 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of Fe2O3 : C = 2 : 3.

∴ number of moles of C required = 0.045 mol × = 0.068 mol

Mass of C required = 0.068 mol × 12.0 g mol1 = 0.81 g##

|!|CMEMH0031200053|!| |!|CSEMH0031200053|!|
Consider the following four compounds:

Compound Relative molecular mass

CH4 16.0
C2H2 26.0
C2H6 30.0
C3H7OH 60.0

When 1.0 g of each of these compounds is completely burnt, carbon dioxide and
water would be produced. Which of them would produce the largest number of moles
of carbon dioxide?
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. C2H6
D. C3H7OH

##B CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
Number of moles of CO2 produced by burning 1.0 g of CH4

= = 0.063 mol

C2H2 + O2  2CO2 + H2O

Number of moles of CO2 produced by burning 1.0 g of C2H2

= × 2 = 0.077 mol

C2H6 + O2  2CO2 + 3H2O

Number of moles of CO2 produced by burning 1.0 g of C2H6

= × 2 = 0.067 mol

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C3H7OH + O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

Number of moles of CO2 produced by burning 1.0 g of C3H7OH

= × 3 = 0.050 mol##

|!|CMEMA0031200054|!| |!|CSEMA0031200054|!|
A bottle of pure ethanol (C2H5OH) undergoes complete combustion to give a certain
mass of carbon dioxide and 61.2 g of water. What is the volume of the bottle of
ethanol?
(Density of ethanol = 0.789 g cm3; relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O =
16.0)
A. 52.0 cm3
B. 65.9 cm3
C. 156 cm3
D. 198 cm3

##B C2H5OH + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O

Number of moles of H2O produced = = 3.4 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of C2H5OH : H2O = 1 : 3.

∴ number of moles of C2H5OH present = = 1.13 mol

Mass of ethanol used = (12.0 × 2 + 1.0 × 6 + 16.0) g mol1 × 1.13 mol = 52.0 g

Volume of ethanol = = 65.9 cm3##

|!|CMEMF0031200055|!| |!|CSEMF0031200055|!|
Metal M forms an oxide with the chemical formula M2O3. When 3.00 g of M2O3 is
reduced by excess carbon monoxide, 2.10 g of M is obtained. What is the relative
atomic mass of M?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A. 52.0
B. 55.0
C. 56.0
D. 63.5

##C M2O3 + 3CO  2M + 3CO2

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Let the relative atomic mass of M be y.

Number of moles of oxygen = = 0.0563 mol

Number of moles of M = = mol

From the formula, mole ratio of M : O in M2O3 = 2 : 3.

∴ =

y = 56.0##

|!|CMEMH0031200056|!| |!|CSEMH0031200056|!|
A green powder of chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) can be reduced to chromium by
heating with carbon. What is the theoretical yield of chromium when 8.50 g of
chromium(III) oxide is heated with 1.00 g of carbon?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Cr = 52.0)
A. 2.91 g
B. 3.88 g
C. 4.32 g
D. 5.77 g

##D 2Cr2O3(s) + 3C(s)  4Cr(s) + 3CO2(g)

Number of moles of Cr2O3 used = = 0.0559 mol

Number of moles of C used = = 0.0833 mol

From the equation, mole ratio of Cr2O3 : C = 2 : 3.

∴ carbon is the limiting reactant.

Number of moles of Cr produced = 0.0833 mol × = 0.111 mol

Theoretical yield of chromium = 0.111 mol × 52.0 g mol1 = 5.77 g##

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