Lesson 6 - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN THE A BUILDING - ELEVATOR

Lesson 6: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM -
ELEVATOR
Ariel G. Cabildo, ME, MEnM, CSWP

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Holy Angel University
MOVEMENT SYSTEM IN THE A BUILDING
ELEVATOR Form of mechanical system transportation may be
ESCALATOR found within, around and in general Assocation with
MOVING WALKS modern building and developments
History of the
Elevator
• Elevators are a type of vertical transport
equipment that moves people or goods
between floors. They are generally
powered by electric motors that either
drive traction cables or counterweight
systems like a hoist or pump hydraulic
fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.
Who Invented
Elevator
Elevators of this type were
installed in the Sinai Monasteries
of Egypt.
Some sources from later historical
periods mention elevators as cabs
on a hemp rope powered by hand
or by animals. Earliest known
reference to an elevator - works of
the Roman architect Vitruvius.
Industrial era
• Elevators were first used in the

coal mines in the mid-19th
century.
• Elisha Otis introduced the safety

elevator, which prevented the fall
of the cab if the cable broke.
• The first electric elevator was built

by Werner Von Siemens in
Germany in 1880.
Elevator design by
the German
engineer
Konrad Kyeser (1405)
Elisha Otis
demonstrating the first
safety elevator at the
Crystal Palace, NYC
Expo 1854
Types of Elevators
Hydraulic Elevator
Low-rise applications of 2-8 stories have a low initial cost and
maintenance costs. They are supported by a piston at the
bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as oil or
another hydraulic fluid is pumped into it then descends.
Traction Elevators
Lifted by cables that pass over a wheel attached to an electric
motor above the elevator shaft, counter weight makes
elevators more efficient by offsetting the weight of the car
and occupants (motor doesn't have to move as much weight)
used for mid and high-rise applications have much higher
travel speeds than hydraulic elevators
Typical travel speed: 500 feet per minute

max distance: 250 ft./ 76.2 m.
Traction Elevators
• Machine sits in the override space (accessed from the top
of the elevator cab when maintenance or repairs are
required), at the elevator pit or directly on top of the
elevator car.
• Energy efficient, require less space, and their operation and

reliability are on par with gear-less traction elevators
Machine room less traction
elevator
• Machine-room-less elevators utilize a gearless traction
machine located in the hoistway. The use of a
counterweight assists the machine in turning the elevator
sheave, which moves the cab through the hoistway.
Elevator Specification/
Design Parameters
Determining
Elevator Speed
• Speed of elevator is generally determined
by the number of floors in the building. It
sould not take more than 30 seconds to
travel in between the top and the lowest
floor. The average time it takes an elevator
to reach the highest floor is around two
minutes.
Traffic
Planning
Traffic
Planning
Deciding number of cars
• Decide enough cars to maintain the transportation capacity
and waiting time within the service standards during peak
hours which has large number of passengers. Below is a
general guideline to determine the number of cars.
Deciding number of cars
If we have a service-oriented office with a capacity of 750 passengers, we have 150-200 passengers. If we choose
150 per car, we have 5 cars minimum in the building.
Deciding Passenger Capacity
Decision of passenger capacity must be planned with the considerations of peak hours ,
characteristics of building and make allowance for leeway. Generally, the following plans are
recommended:
• For a small or mid-sized building, passenger capacity of 15 (load capacity of 1000kg) or

higher.
For a hotel or large office building, passenger capacity of 24 (load capacity of 1600kg) or
higher.
• Doors should open from the center, and the car entrance should be as wide as possible.
• The car should be with in relation to its depth
Deciding Service Floor
• Office buildings of more than 20 stories are zoned in
order to decrease transportation time and improve the
rental rates. Zoning refers to dividing elevator service
into several zones and assign group of elevators for
each zone. The following point must be taken
into consideration in order to apply the zone system
effectively.
Deciding Service Floor
• There should be about 10 to 15 floors per zone.
• Post the service floors clearly in order to keep people from

getting on the wrong elevator.
• Keep each elevator at the top or bottom of its service zone.

Deciding The
Layout
Deciding The
Layout
Deciding The
Layout
Other Type of Elevetor
include glass car walls and glass hoist way, and are
Scenic Elevator used in a wide variety of environments, from office

buildings, hotels, and retail centers to transportation hubs
and cruise ships.
FREIGHT ELEVATOR an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than
passengers
Dumbwaiter a small elevator used for conveying food and dishes from
one story of a building to another.

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Lesson 6: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM -

Ariel G. Cabildo, ME, MEnM, CSWP

• Elevators were first used in the

• Elisha Otis introduced the safety

• The first electric elevator was built

Typical travel speed: 500 feet per minute

• Energy efficient, require less space, and their operation and

• For a small or mid-sized building, passenger capacity of 15 (load capacity of 1000kg) or

• Post the service floors clearly in order to keep people from

• Keep each elevator at the top or bottom of its service zone.

Scenic Elevator used in a wide variety of environments, from office

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