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    - Symbiosis refers to heterogenic associations between two nonsimilar organisms that may be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. - Parasitism involves an intimate relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits while harming the host. The definitive host is where the adult parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. - An intermediate host supports parasite development between the larval and adult stages, while a dead-end host limits further transmission of the parasite. Refractory hosts cannot be infected by certain parasites.

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    - Symbiosis refers to heterogenic associations between two nonsimilar organisms that may be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. - Parasitism involves an intimate relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits while harming the host. The definitive host is where the adult parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. - An intermediate host supports parasite development between the larval and adult stages, while a dead-end host limits further transmission of the parasite. Refractory hosts cannot be infected by certain parasites.

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    - Symbiosis refers to heterogenic associations between two nonsimilar organisms that may be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. - Parasitism involves an intimate relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits while harming the host. The definitive host is where the adult parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. - An intermediate host supports parasite development between the larval and adult stages, while a dead-end host limits further transmission of the parasite. Refractory hosts cannot be infected by certain parasites.

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    - Symbiosis refers to heterogenic associations between two nonsimilar organisms that may be commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. - Parasitism involves an intimate relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits while harming the host. The definitive host is where the adult parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. - An intermediate host supports parasite development between the larval and adult stages, while a dead-end host limits further transmission of the parasite. Refractory hosts cannot be infected by certain parasites.

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    SYMBIOSIS DEAD-END HOST

    PHORESIS REFRACTORY HOST

    COMMENSALISM SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

    MUTUALISM ACCIDENTAL/INCIDENTAL HOST

    PARASITISM BIOLOGIC HOST/VECTORS

    DEFINITIVE HOST MECHANICAL HOST/FOMITES

    INTERMEDIATE HOST CARRIER/TRANSPORT HOST

    RESERVOIR HOST PARATENIC HOST


    INFECTION ANTHROPOZOONOSIS

    INFESTATION ZOOANTHROPONOSIS

    PARASITOSIS ENDEMIC

    SUPERINFECTION EPIDEMIC

    MIXED INFECTION PANDEMIC

    AUTOINFECTION EPIZOOTIOLOGY

    EUZOONOSIS EPIZOOTIC

    PARAZOONOSIS ENZOOTIC
    PANZOOTIC INTERMITTENT PARASITE

    HABITAT SPURIOUS/CORPOZOIC PARASITE

    EFFECT TO THE HOST PARASITOIDS

    MODE OF DEVELOPMENT EXPOSURE

    OBLIGATE PARASITE INFECTION

    ACCIDENTAL/INCIDENTAL PARASITE INCUBATION PERIOD

    TEMPORARY PARASITE PREPATENT PERIOD

    PERMANENT PARASITE INGESTION


    PENETRATION OF THE SKIN PSEUDOCOELOM

    OTHER MODES OF TRANSMISSION: CUTICLE

    SOURCES OF INFECTIONS: EPICUTICLE

    FACTORS AFFECTING PARASITIC


    EXOCUTICLE
    INFECTION

    HOST FACTORS MESOCUTICLE

    CHARACTERISTICS OF NEMATODA
    ENDOCUTICLE
    (ROUNDWORMS)

    OUTER TUBE HYPODERMIS

    INNER TUBE CORDS


    LATERAL CORDS RECTAL COMMISSURE

    DORSAL AND VENTRAL CORDS PHASMIDS

    SOMATIC MUSCULATURE AMPHIDS

    POLYMYARIAN MECHANORECEPTORS

    HOLOMYARIAN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

    MEROMYARIAN COPULATORY BURSA/SPICULE

    BODY WALL 4 STAGES OF MOLTING

    CIRCUMESOPHAGEAL COMMISURE LARVAL FORMS


    STICHOCYTES
    RHABDITIFORM LARVA
    STICHOSOME

    Enterobius vermicularis
     Common name:
     Habitat:
    FILARIFORM LARVA  Female:
     Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission

    Strongylids
     Common name:
    PHASMIDIA WHICH PARASITIZE THE  Female:
    LARGE INTESTINE  Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission

    Ascaris lumbricoides
     Common name:
     Habitat:
     Female: Necator americanus
     Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission:

    MASS TREATMENT Ancylostoma duodenale

    SELECTIVE TREATMENT Ancylostoma ceylanicum

    Trichuris trichiura
     Common name:
     Habitat:
     Female: Ancylostoma braziliense
     Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission

    TENESMUS INVASION (CUTANEOUS PHASE)


    MIGRATORY PHASE (PULMONARY PHASE) INTESTINAL PHASE
    CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS URBAN TRICHINELLOSIS

    Strongyloides stercoralis
     Common name:
     Habitat:
     Female: PERIORBITAL EDEMA
     Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission

    THE MAIN DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE OF


    HARADA MORI TECHNIQUE
    TRICHINELLA

    Capillaria philippenensis
     Common name:
    3 NEMATODES THAT FOLLOW THE  Habitat:
     Female:
    HEART/LUNG MIGRATION  Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission

    UNHOLY TRIAD INTERMEDIATE HOST OF C. philippinensis

    COCHIN CHINA DIARRHEA INTERMEDIATE HOST OF T. spiralis

    Trichinella spiralis
     Common name:
     Habitat:
     Female: Ancylostoma caninum
     Infective Stage:
     Diagnostic Stage:
     Mode of Transmission
     Means “living together”
     Heterogenic associations
    ACCIDENTAL/INDENTAL HOST

     2 nonsimilar organisms (symbionts);


    they do not benefit/harm one another
     they are simply together
     not associated in any way

     "Eating at the same table"


     both can exist independently
     they can benefit but do not cause harm
    to the host

     both parties benefit from one another


     metabolically dependent on one another.

     Parasitos (para=beside; sitos= grain or


    food)
     more intimate than commensalism and
    phoresis

     where the adult stage (sexual maturity)


    of parasites develop / where they
    reproduce
     the definitive host is usually a vertebrae

     host in which the parasite undergoes


    larval development
    SYMBIOSIS

    PHORESIS BIOLOGIC HOST/ VECTORS

    COMMENSALISM MECHANICAL HOST/FOMITES

    MUTUALISM CARRIER/TRANSPORT HOST

    PARASITISM

    DEFINITIVE HOST

    INTERMEDIATE HOST

    RESERVOIR HOST

    DEAD-END HOST
    REFRACTORT HOST

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