Title in Title Case Format

Times New Roman - 14 – Bold

[The title no more than 150 characters]

Authors11, Author22, etc. [Times New Roman - 12 – Bold

and Full Name]
1
Faculty, University (of the first author)
email: author_1@abc.ac.id (official email is recommended)
2
Faculty, University (of the second author)
email: author_2@cde.ac.id (official email is recommended)

ABSTRACT
The abstract should stand alone, means that no citation in
abstract. The abstract should concisely inform the reader of
the manuscript’s purpose, its methods, its findings, and its
value. The abstract should be relatively nontechnical, yet
clear enough for an informed reader to understand the
manuscript’s contribution. The manuscript’s title, but neither
the author’s name nor other identification designations,
should appear on the abstract page. An abstract consist of no
more than 250 words.

Keywords: We would like to encourage you to list your

keywords in this section maximum 5 keywords.

INTRODUCTION
What is the purpose of the study? Why are you
conducting the study? The main section of an article should
start with an introductory section which provides more details
about the paper’s purposes, motivation, research methods and
findings. The introduction should be relatively nontechnical,
yet clear enough for an informed reader to understand the
manuscript’s contribution.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review represents the theoretical core of an
article. In this section, we will discuss the purpose of a
literature review. We will also consider how one should go
about to find appropriate literature on which to base a
literature review and how this information should be
managed. Finally, we will answer four questions that first-
time researchers often battle with when compiling a literature
review.
These questions are: which aspects should I include in a
literature review?; how should I go about to synthesise
information in a literature review?; how should I structure a
literature review? what writing style should I use when
compiling a literature review?
The purpose of a literature review is to “look again” (re +
view) at what other researchers have done regarding a
specific topic (Leedy & Ormrod 2005:70). A literature review
is a means to and end, namely to provide background to and
serve as motivation for the objectives and hypotheses that
guide your own research (Perry et al. 2003:660)
A good literature review does not merely summarise
relevant previous research. In the literature review, the
researcher critically evaluates, re-organises and synthesises
the work of others (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005:84). In a sense,
compiling a literature review is like making a smoothie or
fruit shake: The end product is a condensed mix that differs

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totally in appearance from the individual ingredients used as
inputs. The key to a successful literature review lies in your
ability to “digest” information from different sources,
critically evaluate it and resent your conclusions in a concise,
logical and reader-friendly” manner.
First-time researchers often naively believe everything
they read or are scared to criticise the work of others.
However, academic research is all about critical enquiry! It
is, therefore, extremely important that you critically evaluate
the material that you read. Do you agree with the arguments
and conclusions of other researchers? If you disagree, why?
Can you identify contradictory arguments or findings? How
could one explain these contradictions? Do the findings of
previous studies applyin all contexts or are the findings
context-specific? What are the criticisms against the
conceptual models or measurement approaches discussed in
the literature? Which limitations should be considered when
interpreting the results of previous research?
You have to carefully read the most recent available
literature with a view to identify specific gaps,
inconsistencies and/or controversies that may form the basis
of your own research. Always show that you have considered
an issue from a number of angles and that you are aware of
the arguments for and against a specific point of view. Many
researchers in services marketing, for example, use the
SERVQUAL measurement scale without considering existing
criticisms against it.

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 To compile a proper literature review, one has to
overcome three specific challenges, namely: finding
appropriate literature on a specific topic; managing the
information; and presenting a logical, synthesised and reader-
friendly review of the current knowledge relating to a specific
topic. Consider the following search strategiess: Blackwell
Synergy; Proquest Data Basis; EBSCOhost (Business Source
Pirmier and Business Source Pirmier); Emerald; Taylor and
Francis; Infotrac; Wiley Iterscience; and others open access
journal using Google Scholar. To view information about the
"literature review" more fully, please visit the link
http://www.btsau.kiev.ua/sites/default/files/scopus/%D0%A1
%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%20-
%20writing_an_academic_journal_article.pdf.

METHODS
Methods section describes the steps followed in the
execution of the study and also provides a brief justification
for the research methods used (Perry et al., 2003:661). It
should contain enough detail to enable the reader to evaluate
the appropriateness of your methods and the reliability and
validity of your findings. Furthermore, the information
should enable experienced researchers to replicate your study
(American Psychological Association, 2001:17).
The methodology section typically has the following
sub-sections:

● Sampling (description of target population, research

context and units of analysis; sampling; and respondent
profile)
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● Data collection
● Measures (Alternatively: Measurement)

RESULTS
The results section summarizes the data collected for
study in the form of descriptive statistics and also reports the
results of relevant inferential stastically analysis (e.g.,
hypothesis tests) conducted on the data. You need to report
the results in sufficient detail so that the reader can see which
stasticall analyses were conducted and why, and to justify
your conclusions. Mention all relevant results, including
those that are at odds with the stated hypotheses (American
Psycho;ogy Association 2001: 20).
There is no fixed recipe for presenting the findings of a
study. We will, therefore, first consider general guidelines
and then turn our attention to options for reporting descriptive
statistics and the results of hypothesis test.

Reporting Research Results

You should present your findings as concisely as
possible and still provide enough detail to properly justify
your conclusions, as well as enable the reader to understand
exactly what you did in terms of data analysis and why.
You may assume that the reader has a working
knowledge of basic statistics (i.e., typically the contents
covered in a 1st statistics course). It is, therefore, not
necessary to discuss basic statistical procedures in detail. You
may, however, haveto explain advanced multivariate
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statistical methods (e.g., repeated measures ANOVA, two- or
–way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and factor
analysis) in nen-technical terms. Figures and Tables
(detached from main of manuscript) often allow one to
present findings in a clear and concise manner.
Example:
Insert Table 1 Here
Insert Figure 1 Here

DISCUSSION
In many ways, is the most important section in an article
(Feldman, 2004:4). Because it is the last thing a reader sees,
it can have a major impact on the reader’s perceptions of the
article and of the research conducted (Summers 2001:411).
Different authors take different approaches when writing
the discussion section. Acording to Feldman (2004:5), Perry
et al. 2003: 658), and Summers 2001: 411412), the discussion
section should:
Restate the study’s main purpose
Reaffirm the importance of the study be restating its
main contributions
Summarize the results in relation to each stated research
objective or hypothesis without introducing new material
Relate the findings back to the literature and to the
results reported by other researches
Provide possible explanations for unexpected or non-
significant findings
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 Discuss the managerial implications of the study
Highlight the main limitations of the study that could
influence its internal and external validity
Discuss insightful (i.e., non-obvious) directions or
opportunities for future research on the topic
The discussion section should not merely restate the
findings reported in the result section or report aditional
findings that have not been discussed earlier in the article.
The focus should rather be on highlighting the broader
implications of the study;s findings and relating these back to
prvious research. Make sure that the conclusions you reach
follow logically from and are substaintiated by the evidence
presented in your study (Varadarajan 1996: 5).

CONCLUSION
In this section, author present brief conclusions from the
results of research with suggestions for advanced researchers
or general readers. A conclusion may review the main points
of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion.
Not only do author write down the major flaws and
limitations of the study, which can reduce the validity of the
writing, thus raising questions from the readers (whether, or
in what way), the limits in his studies may have affected the
results and conclusions. Limitations require critical judgment
and interpretation of their impact. The author should provide
the answer to the question: is this a problem with error,
method, validity, and or otherwise?
Writing an academic article is a challening, but very
fulfilling, endeavor. Hopefully the guidelines presented here
will enable you to write your first academic article with
relative ease. Students, however, often underestimate the time
7
required to produce a “poished” first effort. You cannot write
a proper research article in a weeekend or even in aweek. It
is, therefore, extremely important to allow yourself enough
time –at least three to four weeks—to work on the successive
draft.

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REFERENCES

For instances of multiple articles with the same authors and

years of publication, please check the APA publication
manual or Academic Writer. If you have the DOI for the
journal article, you should include it in the reference,
otherwise, it is not necessary.

Book

● De Vaus, D. A. (2014). Surveys in social

research. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.

Book chapter

● McKenzie, H., Boughton, M., Hayes, L., & Forsyth,

S. (2008). Explaining the complexities and value of
nursing practice and knowledge. In I. Morley & M.
Crouch (Eds.), Knowledge as value: Illumination
through critical prisms (pp. 209-224). Amsterdam,
Netherlands: Rodopi.

Journal article

● Cheung, J. M. Y., Bartlett, D. J., Armour, C. L., Laba,

T. L., & Saini, B. (2018). To drug or not to drug: A
qualitative study of patients’ decision-making
processes for managing insomnia. Behavioral Sleep
Medicine, 16(1), 1-26.
doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1163702

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Webpage with an author

HealthTimes. (2015). The future of aged care nursing in

Australia. Retrieved

from https://healthtimes.com.au/hub/aged-care/2/news/nc1/th

e-future-of-aged-care-nursing-in-australia/495/

Webpage with no author

$250m funding boost for malaria vaccine. (2003).

Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2003-09-

22/250m-funding-boost-for-malaria-vaccine/1482220

Newspaper article

● Fellner, C. (2019, April 7). Time bomb: Two new

cases as NSW faces worst measles outbreak in years.
The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from
https://www.smh.com.au

Government publication

● Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018).

Physical activity across the life stages. Canberra,
Australia: Author.
●

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 ● Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018).
Physical activity across the life stages. Retrieved
from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/physical-
activity/physical-activity-across-the-life-stages/
contents/table-of-contents

Company and Industry Reports

● Vuong, B. (2018, November). IBISWorld industry

report OD5381. Coffee shops in Australia. Retrieved
from IBISWorld database.

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TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1. Title...................
Column Column Column Column
1 2 2 2
Abcde1 0.xxx 0.xxx1 0.xxx2
Abcde2 0.yyyy 0.yyyy1 0.yyyy2
Abcde3 0.zzz 0.zzz1 0.zzz2
Abcde4 0.aaaa 0.aaaa1 0.aaaa2

Figure 1. Title...................

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