LATIHAN SOAL II

BAHASA INGGRIS
Read the passage below!

Malnutrition among children in refugee is a critical public health concern due to the heightened
vulnerability. The rate of malnutrition in refugees’ camp needs to be viewed as not just a health
issue but as a serious protection and access to basic rights failure. The magnitude of acute
malnutrition among refugee camps in Ethiopia is relatively well-documented. A nutritional survey
done in 2014 among south Sudanese refugee camps showed that the prevalence of acute
malnutrition was almost two-fold the emergency threshold of 15%.

Acute malnutrition is not only a condition that kills but also has long term health and
developmental consequences among recovered children after receiving appropriate treatment.
These long term consequences include an increased risk of stunted growth, impaired cognitive
development and a greater chance of developing non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This
demonstrates that it is of utmost importance to invest not only in the treatment of acute malnutrition
but also in its prevention.

The problem, as well as the solution to malnutrition, is multi-faceted. In addition to an actual

shortage of food; poor sanitation, a lack of available potable water, caring practices and insufficient
health services are all significant factors contributing to the population’s overall nutritional status
and health. There is no single silver bullet that will instantly eradicate malnutrition from the
refugee camps but only through a holistic approach and strong group effort. Effective policies and
programs to alleviate malnutrition requires an understanding of the determinants of acute
malnutrition in the refugee camps.

Adapted from: http://primarycare.imedpub.com

1. Which of the following can best replace the word magnitude in “The magnitude of acute
malnutrition…” (paragraph 1)?
a. Capacity
b. Importance
c. Weight
d. Amount
e. Power
Read the passage below!

When exploratory divers discovered the underwater Mexican cave site known as Hoyo Negro, the
conditions of the cave were so pristine and stable, but there was evidence that at least one person
had been inside the cave before the divers: A Paleoamerican girl nicknamed Naia, who had fallen
to her death while presumably collecting water from the cave during the late Pleistocene era,
between 13,000 and 12,000 years ago. The divers found her skeleton, as well as the remains of
several Ice Age animals, on the cave floor. According to Rissolo and project co-director, James
Chatters, it was like the La Brea tar pits without the tar.

This remarkable discovery represents the first and only example of human remains found in direct
association with extinct megafauna in the Americas, says Rissolo, who is a visiting scholar at UC
San Diego from the Waitt Institute and a research associate at the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography. The remains of two gomphotheres (extinct elephant-like creatures), two Shasta
ground sloths, a pair of saber-toothed cats and numerous other animals were also found with Naia
in the underwater pit, which measures 200 feet in diameter and is located in the far Southeast of
the country, on the Yucután Peninsula.

Computer science Ph.D. student Vid Petrovic – a member of the Center’s Integrative Graduate
Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program in cultural heritage diagnostics – is using
photos taken by the scientific dive team to create 3D structure-from-motion (SfM) models of the
cave site, and he has used the same technique to recreate Naia’s mandible.

SfM is an imaging technique that, in this case, uses two-dimensional photographs taken underwater
at the cave site. Petrovic tracks and aligns features in the photos (such as corner points) to ‘stitch
together’ and reconstruct the objects digitally in 3D.

Rissolo says that given the proper lighting, camera set-up and protocols, SfM is a relatively
straightforward and cost-effective imaging and visualization method, especially for documenting
archaeological sites that are not easily accessible or are threatened with destruction, either natural
or human-derived.

Adapted from: http://archaeologicalconservancy.org

2. According to the text, what remains are not found in Hoyo Negro? The remains of…

a. gomphotheras
 b. elephants
c. Shasta ground sloths
d. saber-toothed cats
e. Paleoamerican girl
Read the passage below!

The study of songbirds has revealed a variety of fundamental properties of biological systems. In
particular, neurobiological studies carried out in songbirds have revealed the presence of newly
born neurons in the adult brain, how steroid hormones affect brain development, the neural and
mechanistic bases of vocalizations, and how experience modifies neuronal physiology. More
evidently, however, songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal
learning, a behavior thought to be a substrate for speech acquisition in humans. Now an
international consortium has unveiled the genome of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia Guttata).

Sequencing the zebra finch genome was initiated in 2005 under the Large Scale Genome
Sequencing Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The prior work in the
research community characterizing the zebra finch brain transcriptase. These initiatives, along with
new zebra finch genome sequences, have resulted in the complete genome sequenced with 17,475
protein-coding genes identified, as well as regulatory regions and non-coding RNAs. The
annotation and sequence coverage of the zebra finch genome will certainly be refined in the years
to come, but the initial endeavor is expected to provide a unique platform for modern genomics
research in this organism. Furthermore, this initial snapshot of the songbird genome should provide
critical insights into fundamental scientific questions, including an array of physiological and
evolutionary processes.

Adapted from: link.springer.com

3. From the sentence ‘… songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal
learning, ….’ in paragraph 1, it can be stated that…
a. Songbirds are good models of vocal learning.
b. Human can practice vocal learning through songbird.
c. Songbirds are observed intensively by the scientist.
 d. Songbirds imitate human’s speech.
e. Human speech acquisition in inspired by songbird.

What will man be like in the future – in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make
a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. From man is
slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago,
was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred is
a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again,
in the modern world, we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20%
of the brain capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more –
and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too; the
head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become
weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time, it is likely that man’s
eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These,
as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more
sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably
disappear from the body altogether in the course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose
any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not a very attractive creature to look at!
This may well be true. All the same, in spite of these changes, future man will still have a lot of
common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions that resemble us.

Taken from: www.platea.pntic.mec

4. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the man?

a. It takes a few decades for man to be taller.

b. The development of man’s brain does not affect his physical development.
c. Modern people are using the full capacity of their brains.
 d. Within a decade, man has become three inches taller.
e. It can be expected that future man will be taller.

Read the passage below.

Everyone knows the basics about Santa, the jolly man in a red suit that delivers gifts at
Christmas. How a small town near the Arctic Circle in Finland became known as his “official
hometown” proves a less familiar twist to the story. Santa was a marketing gimmick, based on a
third-century, ancient bishop from Turkey known for secretly giving away his large inheritance.
His random acts of kindness didn’t go unnoticed, earning sainthood and global celebration on the
date of his death, December 6. This story of Saint Nicolas then traveled with Dutch immigrants to
the US, where “Sinterklaas” was moulded into the visual image of Santa we all recognize today.
Without much of a backstory to Santa Claus, an illustration in Harpers magazine from 1866 is
credited with establishing the legend of his home at the “North Pole.”

In 1927, Markus Rautio–a Finnish radio broadcaster known as “Uncle Marcus”–claimed on-
air that Santa’s workshop was discovered in Rovaniemi, Finland. The government of the province,
Lapland, declared itself “Santa Claus Land” decades later to boost tourism. Santa Claus Village
opened just outside Rovaniemi in 1985. Of course, there are other places that lay claim to a Santa
or Saint Nick association: Korvatunturi, Finland, claims to be his real home and that Rovaniemi
was just created for tourists. The Church of Saint Nicolas in Demre, Turkey, contains his
sarcophagus but not his bones. There’s a multitude of pop-ups around the world, but the Santa in
Rovaniemi differs in that the man is marketed as the original, and tourists can visit him throughout
the year.

Christmas lasts all year round in Rovaniemi, a place of anticipation. Even the hardcore cynic
will be moved by the “Christmas Spirit.” After visiting Santa, families can dine in the snowglobe
atmosphere of the Ice Restaurant and Ice Bar in Snowman World. Leaving from the Elf’s Yard,
kids can cross the Arctic Circle with traditional Lappish wooden skis. The region forms part of the
natural habitat for roaming reindeer–unlike the North Pole.

Santa Claus’s Main Post Office, with a special Arctic Circle stamp, received about half a
million letters last year. In reality, this figure is much higher since post offices around the world
have their own systems of dealing with letters addressed to Santa. Santa in Rovaniemi received 18
million letters from 199 different countries to date, and at Christmastime, can receive 32,000 letters
per day, with the most letters arriving from China. An official reply from Santa Claus will set
people back more than 10 dollars (8.90 euros). It is free to see him, but tourists can’t take photos
or videos, although you can buy the official one. In high season (November through March), prices
reach more than 50 dollars (45 euros).

Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com

5. The second paragraph mainly talks about…

a. the discocery of Santa’s workshop

b. the description of Rovaniemi, Finland
c. Santa Clause’s original village
d. Millions letters for Santa Clause every year
e. Uncle Marcus’s claim over Santa Clause village

Read the following text.

Over the past 115 years global average temperatures have increased 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit,
leading to record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes, the report says. The global,
long-term warming trend is “unambiguous,” it says, and there is “no convincing alternative
explanation” that anything other than humans — the cars we drive, the power plants we operate,
the forests we destroy — are to blame.

The report was approved for release by the White House, but the findings come as the Trump
administration is defending its climate change policies. The United Nations convenes its annual
climate change conference next week in Bonn, Germany, and the American delegation is expected
to face harsh criticism over President Trump’s decision to walk away from the 195-nation Paris
climate accord and top administration officials’ stated doubts about the causes and impacts of a
warming planet.
While there were pockets of resistance to the report in the Trump administration, according to
climate scientists involved in drafting the report, there was little appetite for a knockdown fight
over climate change among Mr. Trump’s top advisers, who are intensely focused on passing a tax
reform bill — an effort they think could determine the fate of his presidency.

Adapted from: http://nytimes.com

6. The author is primarily concerned with…

a. the record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes

b. the effort and fate Trump’s presidency
c. the climate report released by the White House
d. the decision taken by US delegation in the climate change conference
e. the United Nation annual climate conference in paris

Read the following passage.

The story of Dara Puspita, an Indonesian all-female band that was famous in the 1960s, is set
to be made into a biopic by production house FP. FP producer Frederica said she believed the
Surabaya-based band’s story deserved to be told on the big screen. “We think it’s important,
especially because at that time they were the only Indonesian all-female band that performed in
dozens of European cities,” Frederica told tempo.co.

Expected to be released in 2020, the production house is currently still conducting research.
“Their story will be very inspiring,” said Frederica, who expressed optimism the film would set a
new trend in the industry, which she said lacked, films about local musicians. The band has
reportedly given consent for the adaptation. Drummer Titiek Hamzah also expressed hopes the
film would show the band’s stories and struggles. “It needs to represent what a musician’s journey
is like,” she said. The journey of Dara Puspita began from the 1960s to the early 1970s. In 1965,
they became the opening act for legendary band Koes Bersaudara under the name Irama Puspita.
Among their popular tracks were “A Go Go”, “Burung Kakaktua” and “Tanah Airku”.

Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com

 7. How does the author organize the passage? By…

a. exposing the news about the film then explaining its values
b. exposing the reason behind the making of the film and explaining the plot
c. explaining the purpose of the film and the targets of the producer
d. describing the film and explaining the members of Dara Puspita Band
e. describing Dara Puspita Band and explaining its next project

Read the passage below.

In 1979, two British farmers reported that, while sitting on a hill, they suddenly saw the crops
below flattened in a perfect circle. They inferred that some great force must have come down
directly from above to squash the corn and barley. This started a public hysteria about so-called
crop circles. The patterns pressed into the crops (not all of them were circles) seemed to have no
entry or exit points. Many people hypothesized that only alien spaceships could make such
bizarre imprints.

Others, including Britain’s police, assailed such wild conclusions. They had a contrary theory:
Someone was playing a big hoax. Teams of investigators took samples of the plants and the soil,
trying to objectively analyze the crop circles as if they were a crime scene.

Public curiosity often impaired the investigators, who had to tolerate busloads of tourists flocking
to the circles. The farmers in the area, long suspicious of the police, approached the case as an
instance of police versus the people. If the local farmers knew the circles were a hoax, they
wouldn’t say so.

Taken from: McGraw-Hill’s Must-Have Words p. 141

8. Which of the following can be inferred from the statement ‘Many people hypothesized that
only alien spaceships could make such bizarre imprints’ in the first paragraph?

a. The phenomenon interest lots of tourist to sightsee the crops.

b. The government believes that someone was playing a big hoax.
c. The crops seemed to have no entry or exit points.
 d. Most people do not believe that humans are able to make crop circles.
e. Some great force must have come down directly from above to make the crops.
9. “She dances….(beauty-beautiful-beautifully-beautified beautify).
To answer that question, we need to do … techniques in reading.
a. cloze procedure
b. vocabulary improvement
c. reading
d. scanning
e. understanding the sentence

Read the following text.

Dangerous as anger can be, it is also natural, even necessary, and has been hard-wired into the
brain by evolution. Most obviously, anger helped people survive. As soon as this survival was
threatened, anger was triggered, along with violent defensive action. More surprisingly, perhaps,
anger also helped early humans to live together in groups, acting as a kind of warning signal in the
form of threatening facial expressions, clenched fists, reddening cheeks, and so on. This lets others
know that their behavior was unacceptable, that they were invading someone’s personal space and
that they risked physical retaliation.

At first glance, anger seems relatively simple. Ask the man in the street to define it and he will
probably say ‘it’s what happens when people annoy you.’ But anger can take many forms and has
numerous different triggers. And what infuriates one person may pass by another unnoticed. One
individual can make her way through a bustling crowd, or sit next to a screaming child, and seem
perfectly relaxed. But if someone questions her political beliefs, or disrupts her plans, she will fly
into an uncontrollable rage.

For some, anger is triggered more by petty annoyances than by major catastrophes. They will be
calm and methodical during a bereavement, for example, or when traveling to the hospital for an
operation, but as soon as the neighbor’s car alarm goes off, or the printer runs out of ink, they
explode. For others, it is threats to their money, property, status or time that act as the major
catalyst. They may let the petty irritations go, but if their car is scratched or their authority
questioned, they become enraged.

Finally, some will laugh off both petty irritations and threats to their money or status. For them,
rule-breaking is the most infuriating thing. This is especially true of those with obsessive-
compulsive or autistic traits: people who like and need things to be regular and ordered. And such
rules can be more like vague, unspoken agreements. For example, someone may be sensitive about
their acne or low income. Friends understand this and so the subject is never raised. One evening,
someone makes a harmless remark and is shocked to see their friend explode with rage. But it
wasn’t the fact that his low income or bad skin had been mentioned, nor even that he felt
humiliated; his anger was sparked because someone had broken the rules.

Taken from: http://www.healthguidance.org

10. From the passage, it can be summed up that…

a. Some people get angry for small or serious things and some others might get angry, not
due to small or serious matters, but because people ask them what they do not like to be
asked.
b. Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something they
are very sensitive to.
c. Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious matters.
d. Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when people
raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past.
e. For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get angry
when someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or regulation and
not doing what they are asked to do.