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A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to

observe appropriate architectural practices, to meet prescribed


functional programs, and to conform to applicable codes as part of
normal professional practice.

Essential points which should be kept in mind while planning for


healthcare facilities are :

1. Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so


located that it is readily accessible to the community and reasonably
free from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be
located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds,
airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.

2. Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be


converted into a hospital. The location of a hospital shall comply with
all local zoning ordinances.

3. Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and


maintain a safe environment for patients, personnel and public. The
building shall be of such construction so that no hazards to the life
and safety of patients, personnel and public exist. It shall be capable of
withstanding weight and elements to which they may be subjected.

 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading


directly outside the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior
stair.

 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be


provided for each floor of the building.

 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside


of the building.
4. Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the
security of person and property within the facility.

5. Patient Movement: Spaces shall be wide enough for free


movement of patients, whether they are on beds, stretchers, or
wheelchairs. Circulation routes for transferring patients from one area
to another shall be available and free at all times.

 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a


minimum width of 2.44 meters.

 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and


equipment transport may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.

 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and


nursing areas located on the upper floor.

 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the


hospital not on the same level of the site.

6. Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be


provided with sufficient illumination to promote comfort, healing and
recovery of patients and to enable personnel in the performance of
work.

7. Ventilation: Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure


comfort of patients, personnel and public.

8. Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities


shall observe acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion to
achieve the acoustical and privacy requirements in designated areas
allowing the unhampered conduct of activities.
9. Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an
approved public water supply system whenever available. The water
supply shall be potable, safe for drinking and adequate, and shall be
brought into the building free of cross connections.

10. Waste Disposal: Liquid waste shall be discharged into an


approved public sewerage system whenever available, and solid waste
shall be collected, treated and disposed of in accordance with
applicable codes, laws or ordinances.

11. Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system,


including approved water supply and sewerage system, shall be
provided through the buildings and premises to ensure a clean and
healthy environment.

12. Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide


and maintain a healthy and aesthetic environment for patients,
personnel and public.

13. Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance


program in place. The buildings and equipment shall be kept in a state
of good repair. Proper maintenance shall be provided to prevent
untimely breakdown of buildings and equipment.

14. Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy


materials that shall allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire
resistance.

15. Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate


toilet shall be maintained for patients and personnel, male and female,
with a ratio of one (1) toilet for every eight (8) patients or personnel.

16. Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as
fire alarms in walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings.
There shall be devices for quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or
fire hoses that are easily visible and accessible in strategic areas.

17. Signage. There shall be an effective graphic system composed of


a number of individual visual aids and devices arranged to provide
information, orientation, direction, identification, prohibition, warning
and official notice considered essential to the optimum operation of a
hospital and other health facilities.

18. Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a


minimum of one (1) parking space for every twenty-five (25) beds.

19. Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped


according to zones as follows:

 Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the


public: emergency service, outpatient service, and
administrative service. They shall be located near the
entrance of the hospital.

 Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer


zone: laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be
located near the outer zone.

 Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and


management of patients: nursing service. They shall be
located in private areas but accessible to guests.

 Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the


prescribed services: surgical service, delivery service, nursery,
and intensive care. They shall be segregated from the public
areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner zones.
 Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital
activities: dietary service, housekeeping service, maintenance
and motor pool service, and mortuary. They shall be located
in areas away from normal traffic.

20. Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally


related with each other.

 The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor


to ensure immediate access. A separate entrance to the
emergency room shall be provided.

 The administrative service, particularly admitting office and


business office, shall be located near the main entrance of
the hospital. Offices for hospital management can be located
in private areas.

 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent


non-related traffic. The operating room shall be as remote as
practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis. The
dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty
areas after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station
shall be located to permit visual observation of patient
movement.

 The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent


non-related traffic. The delivery room shall be as remote as
practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis. The
dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty
areas after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station
shall be located to permit visual observation of patient
movement. The nursery shall be separate but immediately
accessible from the delivery room.
 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas.
The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be provided in all
inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1)
nurse station for every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms and wards
shall be of sufficient size to allow for work flow and patient
movement. Toilets shall be immediately accessible from
rooms and wards.

 The dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least


25-meter distance.

21. Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity,
furniture, equipment and utility.

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