INAO Solved Paper 2013

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■♥❞✐❛♥ ◆❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❆str♦♥♦♠② ❖❧②♠♣✐❛❞ ④ ✷✵✶✸

◗✉❡ ✁✂✄☎ P✆✝❡✞ ❘✟✠✠ ✡☛☞❜✌✍✿ ✎✄✏✏ ✑✉✒✓❡✞

✔✡✕✖ ✗ ✘✙✚✛ ❉✜✢✌✿ ✘✣✤ ❋✌❜✍☛✜✍✥ ✘✙✚✛


❉☛✍✜✢✦✟✧✿ ❚❤★✩✩ ❍✪✫★✬ ▼✜①✦☞☛☞ ▼✜✍❦✭✿ ✚✙✙

✮✯✰✱✲✰ ✳✴✹✰✺
✻ ✼✠✌✜✭✌ ✇✍✦✢✌ ✥✟☛✍ ✍✟✠✠ ✧☛☞❜✌✍ ✟✧ ✢✟✽ ✟❢ ✢✾✦✭ ✽✜❣✌ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✭✽✜❝✌ ✽✍✟✈✦❀✌❀❁

E
✻ ❇✌❢✟✍✌ ✭✢✜✍✢✦✧❣❂ ✽✠✌✜✭✌ ✌✧✭☛✍✌ ✢✾✜✢ ✥✟☛ ✾✜✈✌ ✍✌❝✌✦✈✌❀ ✜ ❝✟✽✥ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✽✜✽✌✍
❝✟✧✢✜✦✧✦✧❣ ✢✟✢✜✠ ❃ ✽✜❣✌✭ ❄❅ ✭✦❀✌✭❈❁
✻ ❊✾✌✍✌ ✜✍✌ ✢✟✢✜✠ ✚✙ q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧✭❁ ▼✜①✦☞☛☞ ☞✜✍❦✭ ✜✍✌ ✦✧❀✦❝✜✢✌❀ ✦✧ ❢✍✟✧✢ ✟❢ ✌✜❝✾ q☛✌✭●
✢✦✟✧❁
✻ ❋✟✍ ✜✠✠ q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧✭❂ ✢✾✌ ✽✍✟❝✌✭✭ ✦✧✈✟✠✈✌❀ ✦✧ ✜✍✍✦✈✦✧❣ ✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✭✟✠☛✢✦✟✧ ✦✭ ☞✟✍✌ ✦☞✽✟✍✢✜✧✢
✢✾✜✧ ✢✾✌ ✜✧✭✇✌✍ ✦✢✭✌✠❢❁ ❱✜✠✦❀ ✜✭✭☛☞✽✢✦✟✧✭ ❏ ✜✽✽✍✟①✦☞✜✢✦✟✧✭ ✜✍✌ ✽✌✍❢✌❝✢✠✥ ✜❝❝✌✽✢✜❜✠✌❁

CS
✼✠✌✜✭✌ ✇✍✦✢✌ ✥✟☛✍ ☞✌✢✾✟❀ ❝✠✌✜✍✠✥❂ ✌①✽✠✦❝✦✢✠✥ ✭✢✜✢✦✧❣ ✜✠✠ ✍✌✜✭✟✧✦✧❣❁
✻ ❇✠✜✧❦ ✭✽✜❝✌✭ ✜✍✌ ✽✍✟✈✦❀✌❀ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✽✜✽✌✍ ❢✟✍ ✢✾✌ ✍✟☛❣✾ ✇✟✍❦❁ ✡✟ ✍✟☛❣✾ ✇✟✍❦
✭✾✟☛✠❀ ❜✌ ❀✟✧✌ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✜✧✭✇✌✍●✭✾✌✌✢❁
✻ ✡✟ ❝✟☞✽☛✢✜✢✦✟✧✜✠ ✜✦❀✌✭ ✠✦❦✌ ❝✜✠❝☛✠✜✢✟✍✭❂ ✠✟❣ ✢✜❜✠✌✭❂ ✭✠✦❀✌ ✍☛✠✌ ✌✢❝❁ ✜✍✌ ✜✠✠✟✇✌❀❁
✻ ❚❤✩ ❑▲✬❙✩★❯✬❤✩✩❲ ❳✫✬❲ ❨✩ ★✩❲✫★▲✩❩ ❲✪ ❲❤✩ ❬▲❭❬❪❬❫❑❲✪★❁ ❴✟☛ ❝✜✧ ✢✜❦✌ ✢✾✦✭
q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❜✟✟❦✠✌✢ ❜✜❝❦ ✇✦✢✾ ✥✟☛❁
✻ ✼✠✌✜✭✌ ❜✌ ✜❀✈✦✭✌❀ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✌✧✢✜✢✦✈✌ ✭❝✾✌❀☛✠✌ ❢✟✍ ✖❵❥❵ ✦✧ ✜✭✢✍✟✧✟☞✥ ✦✭ ❢✍✟☞ ✘✣✤ ✢✟
✚③⑤⑥ ▼✜✥ ✘✙✚✛❁

⑦✬✩⑧✫❫ ⑨❤⑩✬❬❶❑❫ ❷✪▲✬❲❑▲❲✬


▼✜✭✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ❹❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ✚✙❾❿ ❦❣
HB
❘✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ➀❺ ❻ ❼➁❃ ❽ ✚✙➂ ☞
▼✜✭✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ❹➃ ❻ ✘ ❽ ✚✙➄➅ ❦❣
❘✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ➀➃ ❻ ➆ ❽ ✚✙➇ ☞
❘✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧ ➀➈ ❻ ✚➁➆ ❽ ✚✙➂ ☞
❉✦✭✢✜✧❝✌ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧ ➉➈ ❻ ✛➁❅❃ ❽ ✚✙➇ ☞
▼✜✭✭ ✟❢ ➊☛✽✦✢✌✍ ❹➋ ❻ ✘ ❽ ✚✙❾➌ ❦❣
✕✭✢✍✟✧✟☞✦❝✜✠ ➍✧✦✢ ✚ ✕❁ ➍❁ ❻ ✚➁➎ ❽ ✚✙➏➏ ☞
➐✦❣✾✢ ✥✌✜✍ ✚ ➐✥ ❻ ③➁❃❼✚ ❽ ✚✙ ➏➑ ☞
✚ ➐✥ ❻ ❼✛✘❃✙ ✕❁➍❁
❥✟✠✜✍ ➐☛☞✦✧✟✭✦✢✥ ➒➃ ❻ ✛➁❅✘❼ ❽ ✚✙❾➂ ➓
➔✍✜✈✦✢✜✢✦✟✧✜✠ ❵✟✧✭✢✜✧✢ → ❻ ❼➁❼➆ ❽ ✚✙➣➏➏ ☞➄ ↔❄↕❣ ✭❾ ❈
➔✍✜✈✦✢✜✢✦✟✧✜✠ ✜❝❝✌✠✌✍✜✢✦✟✧ ➙ ❻ ③➁❅ ☞❏✭❾
➓✦✌✧➛✭ ❝✟✧✭✢✜✧✢ ↕ ❻ ✘➁❅③❅ ❽ ✚✙➣➄ ☞❁↕

➜✖▼✔ ❇➜✕❇➜✕ ❵❸✡❊❘❸ ❋✖❘ ❥❵✔❸✡❵❸ ❸❉➍❵✕❊✔✖✡


❊✜✢✜ ✔✧✭✢✦✢☛✢✌ ✟❢ ❋☛✧❀✜☞✌✧✢✜✠ ❘✌✭✌✜✍❝✾
❱❁ ✡❁ ✼☛✍✜✈ ▼✜✍❣❂ ▼✜✧❦✾☛✍❀❂ ▼☛☞❜✜✦❂ ❃✙✙ ✙❅❅
■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

✚❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✕✭✢✍✟✽✾✥✭✦❝✦✭✢ ❋✍✌✌☞✜✧ ❉✥✭✟✧ ✽✍✟✽✟✭✌❀ ✜✍✟☛✧❀ ➎✙ ✥✌✜✍✭ ❜✜❝❦ ✢✾✜✢ ✜✧
✜❀✈✜✧❝✌❀ ❝✦✈✦✠✦✭✜✢✦✟✧ ✇✟☛✠❀ ☞✜❦✌ ✟✽✢✦☞✜✠ ☛✭✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✌✧✌✍❣✥ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✽✜✍✌✧✢ ✭✢✜✍ ❜✥
❝✟✧✭✢✍☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✜ ❢☛✠✠ ✭✾✌✠✠ ✜✍✟☛✧❀ ✢✾✌ ✽✜✍✌✧✢ ✭✢✜✍ ✇✦✢✾ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✌q☛✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠
✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌✦✍ ✽✠✜✧✌✢❂ ✢✍✜✽✽✦✧❣ ✜✠✠ ✢✾✌ ✍✜❀✦✜✢✦✟✧ ✦✧✭✦❀✌❁ ❊✾✌ ❝✦✈✦✠✦✭✜✢✦✟✧ ❝✜✧ ✠✦✈✌
✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✦✭ ✭✾✌✠✠❁ ➓✌ ✇✟☛✠❀ ✠✦❦✌ ✢✟ ❝✟✧✭✢✍☛❝✢ ✜ ❭❉✥✭✟✧ ✭✽✾✌✍✌✧ ✇✦✢✾ ✍✜❀✦☛✭
✌q☛✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾❁ ➐✌✢ ☛✭ ✜✭✭☛☞✌ ✢✾✜✢ ✇✌ ✾✜✈✌ ✜❝❝✌✭✭ ✢✟ ✜✠✠
✢✾✌ ☞✜✢✌✍✦✜✠ ✇✦✢✾✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✭✟✠✜✍ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ❄✌①❝✌✽✢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✦✢✭✌✠❢❂ ✇✾✦❝✾ ✇✌ ✇✟☛✠❀ ✠✦❦✌ ✢✟

E
✍✌✢✜✦✧ ✜✭ ✢✾✌ ✌✧✌✍❣✥ ✭✟☛✍❝✌❈ ✜✧❀ ✇✌ ✾✜✈✌ ✧✌❝✌✭✭✜✍✥ ✢✌❝✾✧✟✠✟❣✥ ✢✟ ✭✟✠✦❀✦❢✥ ✢✾✌ ☞✜✢✌✍✦✜✠
✜✈✜✦✠✜❜✠✌ ✢✟ ☛✭❁ ➓✾✜✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✍✟☛❣✾ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✦✭ ✭✾✌✠✠❧

❙ ✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ❊✟✢✜✠ ☞✜✭✭ ✜✈✜✦✠✜❜✠✌ ✢✟ ☛✭ ❢✟✍ ❝✟✧✭✢✍☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ❉✥✭✟✧ ❥✽✾✌✍✌ ✇✟☛✠❀
✽✍✦☞✜✍✦✠✥ ❝✟✧✭✦✭✢ ✟❢ ☞✜✭✭ ✟❢ ✜✠✠ ✽✠✜✧✌✢✭ ✜✧❀ ✭✜✢✌✠✠✦✢✌✭❁ ✕✭ ✜✧ ✜✽✽✍✟①✦☞✜✢✦✟✧❂ ✇✌
✇✦✠✠ ✭✜✥ ➊☛✽✦✢✌✍ ✜✧❀ ❥✜✢☛✍✧ ✜✍✌ ✟❢ ✭✦☞✦✠✜✍ ✭✦✐✌❁ ❥✜✢☛✍✧ ✦✭ ❦✧✟✇✧ ✢✟ ✾✜✈✌ ✈✌✍✥ ✠✟✇
❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ✭✟ ✦✢✭ ☞✜✭✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✧✟✢ ✌①❝✌✌❀ ✾✜✠❢ ➊☛✽✦✢✌✍ ☞✜✭✭❁ ❋☛✍✢✾✌✍❂ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ➍✍✜✧☛✭

CS
✜✧❀ ✡✌✽✢☛✧✌ ✦✭ ✠✌✭✭ ✢✾✜✧ ✾✜✠❢ ✟❢ ➊☛✽✦✢✌✍ ✍✜❀✦☛✭❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✌✥ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✜✢ ✠✌✜✭✢ ✚✙
✢✦☞✌✭ ✠✦❣✾✢✌✍ ✢✾✜✧ ➊☛✽✦✢✌✍❁ ❥✦☞✦✠✜✍✠✥❂ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✜✧❀ ❱✌✧☛✭ ✜✍✌ ✟❢ ✭✦☞✦✠✜✍ ✭✦✐ ✌ ✜✧❀
▼✜✍✭ ✦✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✾✜✠❢ ✟❢ ✢✾✜✢❁ ❊✾✌✍✌ ✜✍✌ ✜ ✾✜✧❀❢☛✠ ✟❢ ✟❜ ❥✌❝✢✭ ✇✦✢✾ ✍✜❀✦✦ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✜
q☛✜✍✢✌✍ ✟❢ ✢✾✜✢ ✟❢ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✟✍ ✌✈✌✧ ✭☞✜✠✠✌✍ ❄▼✌✍❝☛✍✥❂ ▼✟✟✧❂ ➔✜✧✥☞✌❀✌❂ ❵✜✠✠✦✭✢✟❂
❊✦✢✜✧ ✌✢❝❁❈❁ ✕✠✠ ✢✾✌✭✌ ✜✍✌ ✍✟❝❦✥ ❜✟❀✦✌✭ ✜✧❀ ✇✌ ❝✜✧ ✢✜❦✌ ✢✥✽✦❝✜✠ ❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ✢✟ ❜✌
✚s ❂ ➎ ❣☞❏❝❝❁ ❵✟☞❜✦✧✌❀ ☞✜✭✭ ✟❢ ✜✠✠ ✟✢✾✌✍ ❝✟☞❜✦✧✌❀ ❜✟❀✦✌✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✧✟✢ ❜✌ ❣✍✌✜✢✌✍

✢✾✜✧ ☞✜✭✭ ✟❢ ▼✜✍✭❁


❋✍✟☞ ✍✌✜✠ ✽✠✜✧✌✢✜✍✥ ❀✜✢✜❂ ✢✟✢✜✠ ☞✜✭✭ ✌✭✢✦☞✜✢✌ ✟❢ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✚➁➎❹➋ ✦✭ ❝✠✟✭✌✍ ✢✟ ✍✌✜✠✦✢✥❁
✕✭ ✇✌ ✇✜✧✢ ✭✾✌✠✠ ✢✟ ❜✌ ✭✟✠✦❀ ✠✦❦✌ ✍✟❝❦❂ ✇✌ ✇✦✠✠ ✜✭✭☛☞✌ ✭✦☞✦✠✜✍ ❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ❢✟✍ ✢✾✌ ✭✾✌✠✠
✢✟✟❁ ❥✟ ✦❢ ✢✾✌ ✭✾✌✠✠ ✾✜✭ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ❂
✔ ✕
❹➋ ❹✟ ❹✟
❃✙❉❾ ✚s ❻ ✘❹➋ ✰ ✘ ✰ ✘❹✟ ✰ ✘ ✰ ❼
✚✙ ✚✙ ✚✙✙
✘❹➋ ✰ ✙➁✘❹➋ ✰ ✘❹✟ ✰ ✙➁✘❹✟ ✰ ✙➁✙❼❹✟
✮ ❻
❃✙❉❾✚ s
✘➁✘❄❹➋ ✰ ❹✟ ❈
HB
❻ ❾
❃✙❄✚➁➎ ❽ ✚✙➏➏❈ ❽ ➎ ❽ ✚✙➄
✘➁✘❄✘ ❽ ✚✙❾➌ ✰ ❼ ❽ ✚✙❾❿ ❈

❃✙ ❽ ✘➁✘➎ ❽ ✚✙❾❾ ❽ ➎ ❽ ✚✙➄
✘✙✙❼ ✚✙
❻ ❻
✘✙✙✙ ✙
❻ ✛ ☞✢➁
❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✌ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✜✽✽✍✟①✦☞✜✢✌✠✥ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✟✍❀✌✍ ✟❢ ✜ ❢✌✇ ☞✌✢✌✍✭❁
✕✭ ✦✭ ✌✈✦❀✌✧✢ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ✧☛☞❜✌✍✭❂ ☞✜✭✭ ✌✭✢✦☞✜✢✌✭ ✜✍✌ ❥☛✭✢ ✍✟☛❣✾ ✦✧❀✦❝✜✢✟✍✭ ✟❢ ✢✟✢✜✠
☞✜✭✭❁ ✜✧❀ ❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ❝✜✧ ❜✌ ✠✟✇✌✍✌❀ ✢✟ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✘➁➎ ❣☞❏❝❝❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✌ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ❝✜✧
❣✟ ☛✽ ✢✟ ➎ ☞✌✢✍✌✭❁
▼✜✍❝✾✦✧❣ ❥❝✾✌☞✌✿
❘✌✜✭✟✧✜❜✠✌ ✌✭✢✦☞✜✢✌ ✟❢ ☞✜✭✭ ❄❻ ✚➁➎ ✁ ✛➁✙❹➋ ❈ ✜✧❀ ❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ❄✚ ● ✚✙ ❣☞❏❝❝❈ ✇✦✢✾


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

✍✌✜✭✟✧✭✿ ➎ ☞✜✍❦✭
❘✌✭✢ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❵✜✠❝☛✠✜✢✦✟✧✿ ➎ ☞✜✍❦✭

✘❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ❋✟✠✠✟✇✦✧❣ ✢✜❜✠✌ ❝✟✧✢✜✦✧✭ ✧✜☞✌✭ ✟❢ ✜ ❢✌✇ ❝✟✧✭✢✌✠✠✜✢✦✟✧✭ ✜✧❀ ✧✜☞✌✭ ✟❢ ✭✟☞✌
✭✢✜✍✭❁ ❋✦✠✠ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ❜✠✜✧❦✭❁ ❋✟✍ ☞✦✭✭✦✧❣ ✭✢✜✍ ✧✜☞✌✭❂ ✥✟☛ ❝✜✧ ✧✜☞✌ ✜✧✥ ✭✢✜✍ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✜✢
❝✟✧✭✢✌✠✠✜✢✦✟✧❁

E
❙ ❚❆❘ ❷❖◆❙❚❊▲▲❆❚■❖◆
✼✟✠✜✍✦✭ ⑤
❘✦❣✦✠ ↕✌✧✢✜☛✍☛✭ ⑤
⑤ ✖✍✦✟✧
⑤ ❵✥❣✧☛✭
⑤ ❊✜☛✍☛✭
❥✦✍✦☛✭ ⑤

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿
CS ❱✌❣✜
❘✌❣☛✠☛✭

❙ ❚❆❘
✼✟✠✜✍✦✭


❱✦✍❣✟
❥❝✟✍✽✦✟

❷❖◆❙❚❊▲▲❆❚■❖◆
⑦★✬❑ ▼❬▲✪★
❘✦❣✦✠ ↕✌✧✢✜☛✍☛✭ ❷✩▲❲❑✫★✫✬
❇✩❲✩❫❪✩✫✬✩ ✖✍✦✟✧
❉✩▲✩❨ ❵✥❣✧☛✭
❆❫❩✩❨❑★❑▲ ❊✜☛✍☛✭
❥✦✍✦☛✭ ❷❑▲❬✬ ▼❑ ❥✪★
HB
❱✌❣✜ ▲⑩★❑
❘✌❣☛✠☛✭ ▲✩✪
❙♣❬❶❑ ❱✦✍❣✟
❆▲❲❑★✩✬ ❥❝✟✍✽✦☛✭

✛❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✕✧ ✔✧❀✦✜✧ ❢✌✭✢✦✈✜✠ ❝✜✠✠✌❀ ❵↕✟❥ ✜❣✦✍✦➛ ✦✭ ✜✠✇✜✥✭ ❝✌✠✌❜✍✜✢✌❀ ✟✧ ✜ ❋☛✠✠ ▼✟✟✧
✧✦❣✾✢ ✦✧ ✕☛✢☛☞✧❁ ✕✭ ✜ ✽✜✍✢ ✟❢ ❢✌✭✢✦✈✦✢✦✌✭❂ ☞✜✧✥ ✽✌✟✽✠✌ ❦✌✌✽ ✜ ❜✟✇✠ ✟❢ ☞✦✠❦ ✟✧ ✢✾✌
❣✍✟☛✧❀ ✟✍ ✜ ✢✌✍✍✜❝✌ ☛✧❀✌✍ ✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧ ✠✦❣✾✢ ❢✟✍ ✜ ❢✌✇ ☞✦✧☛✢✌✭❂ ❜✌❢✟✍✌ ❀✍✦✧❦✦✧❣ ✦✢❁ ✖✧
✢✾✦✭ ✥✌✜✍➛✭ ❵↕✟❥ ✜❣✦✍✦➛ ✧✦❣✾✢❂ ❥✾✌✌✢✜✠ ✾✜❀ ✽✠✜❝✌❀ ✍✟☛❣✾✠✥ ✚✙✙ ☞✠ ☞✦✠❦ ✦✧ ✜ ❀✦✭✾ ✟❢ ✭✦✐ ✌
✘➎❝☞ ❀✦✜☞✌✢✌✍ ❢✟✍ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✚✙ ☞✦✧☛✢✌✭ ✌①✜❝✢✠✥ ✇✾✌✧ ✢✾✌ ☞✟✟✧ ✇✜✭ ✟✈✌✍✾✌✜❀❁ ✕✭✭☛☞✌
✢✾✜✢ ❀✌✧✭✦✢✥ ✟❢ ☞✦✠❦ ✦✭ ✭✦☞✦✠✜✍ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ✇✜✢✌✍❂ ✦✢✭ ✭✽✌❝✦✐❝ ✾✌✜✢ ❝✜✽✜❝✦✢✥ ✦✭ ✙❁③ ✢✦☞✌✭ ✢✾✜✢
✟❢ ✇✜✢✌✍ ✜✧❀ ✾✌✜✢ ✠✟✭✭ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ☞✦✠❦ ✢✟ ✭☛✍✍✟☛✧❀✦✧❣✭ ✦✭ ✧✌❣✠✦❣✦❜✠✌❁ ✕✭✭☛☞✌ ✢✾✜✢ ❢☛✠✠
▼✟✟✧ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✚❃✪ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✧✠✦❣✾✢ ✦✧❝✦❀✌✧✢ ✟✧ ✦✢✭ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁ ➓✾✜✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✢✾✌
❝✾✜✧❣✌ ✟❢ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌ ❝✜☛✭✌❀ ❜✥ ✢✾✌ ✠✦❣✾✢ ✍✌❝✌✦✈✌❀ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ☞✟✟✧❧


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ▼✟✟✧ ✍✌❝✌✦✈✌✭ ✠✦❣✾✢ ✌✧✌✍❣✥ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✇✾✦❝✾ ✦✭ ✽✜✍✢✠✥ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✌❀ ❜✜❝❦
✢✟✇✜✍❀✭ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾❁
➒➃
❥✟✠✜✍ ❸✧✌✍❣✥ ✽✌✍ ☛✧✦✢ ✜✍✌✜ ✦✧❝✦❀✌✧✢ ✟✧ ▼✟✟✧ ❂ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈
❃✙❉❾
➒➃
❊✟✢✜✠ ❥✟✠✜✍ ❸✧✌✍❣✥ ✦✧❝✦❀✌✧✢ ✟✧ ▼✟✟✧ ❂ ❽ ✙ ➀❾➈ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈
❃✙❉❾

E
➒➃
❊✟✢✜✠ ❥✟✠✜✍ ❸✧✌✍❣✥ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✌❀ ❜✥ ▼✟✟✧ ❂ ❾ ❽ ✙ ➀❾➈ ❽ ☛ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈
❃✙❉
✙ ➒➃➀❾➈ ☛
❘✌✌✌❝✢✌❀ ❸✧✌✍❣✥ ✍✌❝✌✦✈✌❀ ✜✢ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✽✌✍ ☛✧✦✢ ✜✍✌✜ ❂ ❂ ❊r ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
❃✙❉❾ ❽ ✘✙➉❾➈

➐✌✢ ☛✭ ✜✭✭☛☞✌ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✾✦✭ ✌✧✢✦✍✌ ✌✧✌✍❣✥ ✦✭ ☛✭✌❀ ✢✟ ✾✌✜✢ ✢✾✌ ☞✦✠❦ ✇✦✢✾✟☛✢ ✜✧✥ ✠✟✭✭✌✭❁

t❊r ❆ ❂ ♠s✁❚ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈


t✙ ❾ ❾☛
✁❚

✁❚ ❻

➆✙✙✙
❱ ✚s

CS

✙ ➒➃ ➀➈
❃✙❉❾ ❽ ✘✙➉❾➈

❻ ✚➁❃ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈


❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈

❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌ ✇✦✠✠ ✍✦✭✌ ❜✥ ✟✧✠✥ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✚✙➣❿ ❵✌✠✭✦☛✭❁




❼✙✙ ❽ ✙➁✚✘➎❾ ❽ ✛➁❅✘❼ ❽ ✚✙❾➂ ❽ ❄✚➁➆ ❽ ✚✙ ➂❈ ❽ ✙➁✚❃
✚✙➣❿ ❽ ✚✙➄ ❽ ✙➁③ ❽ ❃➁✚❅ ❽ ✚✙➄ ❽ ❅ ❽ ❄✚➁➎ ❽ ✚✙➏➏ ❈ ❽ ❄✛➁❅❃ ❽ ✚✙➇ ❈

❾ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈

❃❁ ❄➆ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ➐✌✢ ✕ ✜✧❀ ❇ ❜✌ ✢✇✟ ✟❜ ❥✌❝✢✭ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✭✟✠✜✍ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ✟✍❜✦✢✦✧❣ ✌✜❝✾ ✟✢✾✌✍ ✜✧❀
✕ ✦✭ ☞☛❝✾ ✾✌✜✈✦✌✍ ✢✾✜✧ ❇❁ ❊✾✌✟✍✌✢✦❝✜✠✠✥❂ ✇✾✜✢ ✦✭ ✢✾✌ ☞✜①✦☞☛☞ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌ ✍✌✈✟✠☛✢✦✟✧
✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✟❢ ❇❧

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ❊✟ ✾✜✈✌ ✠✟✧❣✌✭✢ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌ ✽✌✍✦✟❀❂ ✢✾✌ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✭✾✟☛✠❀ ✜✠✭✟ ❜✌
HB
✠✟✧❣✌✭✢❁ ✔❢ ✕ ✇✜✭ ✜✧✥ ✽✠✜✧✌✢❂ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ❇ ❝✜✧✧✟✢ ❜✌ ✈✌✍✥ ✾✦❣✾ ✜✭ ❢✜✍
❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ✽✠✜✧✌✢ ❇ ✇✦✠✠ ❝✟☞✌ ☛✧❀✌✍ ✦✧✌☛✌✧❝✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❁ ❥✟ ❢✟✍ ✠✟✧❣✌✭✢ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌
✍✜❀✦✦❂ ✇✌ ✢✜❦✌ ✕ ✜✭ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✜✧❀ ✢✍✥ ✢✟ ✽✠✜❝✌ ❇ ✜✭ ❢✜✍ ✜✭ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌❁ ❄✚❁➎ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
❊✾✌ ✟✢✾✌✍ ✠✦☞✦✢✦✧❣ ❢✜❝✢✟✍ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✢✾✌ ✦✧✌☛✌✧❝✌ ✟❢ ✟✢✾✌✍ ✭✢✜✍✭❁ ✕✭ ❇ ✦✭ ✭✢✦✠✠ ✽✜✍✢ ✟❢
✢✾✌ ✭✟✠✜✍ ✭✥✭✢✌☞❂ ❥☛✧ ✌①✌✍✢✭ ☞✟✍✌ ✦✧✌☛✌✧❝✌ ✟✧ ✦✢ ✢✾✜✧ ✜✧✥ ✟✢✾✌✍ ✭✢✜✍❁ ❄✚❁➎
☞✜✍❦✭❈
❥✢✜✍ ❝✠✟✭✌✭✢ ✢✟ ☛✭ ✦✭ ✢✾✌ ✕✠✽✾✜●❵✌✧✢✜☛✍✦ ✢✍✦✽✠✌✢❁ ✔✢ ✾✜✭ ✢✇✟ ✭✢✜✍✭ ✭✦☞✦✠✜✍ ✢✟ ✢✾✌
❥☛✧ ✜✧❀ ✼✍✟①✦☞✜ ❵✌✧✢✜☛✍✦❂ ✇✾✦❝✾ ✦✭ ☞☛❝✾ ✭☞✜✠✠✌✍ ✢✾✜✧ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ✇✌ ❝✜✧
✜✽✽✍✟①✦☞✜✢✌ ✢✾✌ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ✜✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✘❹➃ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ✜❜✟☛✢ ❃❁✛ ✠✦❣✾✢ ✥✌✜✍✭ ✜✇✜✥❁ ➜✌✧❝✌❂
✂✤
✜✢ ✜❜✟☛✢ ➄➏ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❀✦✭✢✜✧❝✌❂ ✕✠✽✾✜●❵✌✧✢✜☛✍✦ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ✇✦✠✠ ✭✢✜✍✢ ❀✟☞✦✧✜✢✦✧❣ ✟✧ ❇❁
❃➁✛
❊✾✦✭ ☞✌✜✧✭ ✢✾✜✢ ☞✜①✦☞☛☞ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✦✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ❂ ✚➁❃ ✠✦❣✾✢ ✥✌✜✍✭❁ ❊✾☛✭❂

✠✟✧❣✌✭✢ ✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌❂ ❄✚❁➎ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
➓✌ ❝✜✧ ☛✢✦✠✦✭✌ ✢✾✌ ❢✜❝✢ ✢✾✜✢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✦✭ ✚ ✕❁➍❁ ✜✧❀ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✦✭ ✚ ✥✌✜✍❁

❃✙ ❾ ➄

❾ ❂ →❹
❄✙➁➎ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
❚➏❾ ➀➄➏
❚❾❾
❂ ➀➄❾
s
➀➄➏

E
❚➏ ❂ ❚❾
➀❾➄
s
❄✚➁❃ ❽ ❼✛✘❃✙❈➄
❂ ✚❽
✚➄
q

❻ ❄③✙✙✙✙❈
❂ ✛✙✙➄

CS ❂ ✘➁➆ ❽ ✚✙➌ ✥✌✜✍✭ ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈

❊✾☛✭❂ ✜✽✽✍✟①✦☞✜✢✌ ✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✇✟☛✠❀ ❜✌ ✘➆ ☞✦✠✠✦✟✧ ✥✌✜✍✭❁


✔✢ ✦✭ ✜❝❝✌✽✢✜❜✠✌ ✦❢ ✕✠✽✾✜●❵✌✧✢✜☛✍✦ ✭✥✭✢✌☞ ✦✭ ✜✭✭☛☞✌❀ ✢✟ ✾✜✈✌ ☞✜✭✭ ✟❢ ❥☛✭✢ ✜ ❹➃ ❁

➎❁ ❄❅ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✼✍✟✈✌ ✢✾✜✢ ✘✙✚✛ ❽ ✘✙✚✘❿ ✰ ✚ ✦✭ ✜ ❝✟☞✽✟✭✦✢✌ ✧☛☞❜✌✍❁

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿
❳ ❂ ✘✙✚✛ ❽ ✘✙✚✘❿ ✰ ✚
❂ ❄✘✙✚✘ ✰ ✚❈ ❽ ✘✙✚✘❿ ✰ ✚
❂ ❄❛ ✰ ✚❈ ❽ ❛❿ ✰ ✚ ✇✾✌✍✌ ❛ ❂ ✘✙✚✘
❂ ❛➑ ✰ ❛❿ ✰ ✚ ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
HB
❂ ❛➑ ✰ ❛❿ ✰ ❛➄ ✁ ❛➄ ✰ ✚
❂ ❛➄ ❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈ ✁ ❄❛➄ ✁ ✚❈
❂ ❛➄ ❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈ ✁ ❄❛ ✁ ✚❈❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈
❂ ❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈❄❛➄ ✁ ❛ ✰ ✚❈
❂ ❄✘✙✚✘❾ ✰ ✘✙✚✛❈❄✘✙✚✘➄ ✁ ✘✙✚✚❈ ❄❼ ☞✜✍❦✭❈

❼❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✕✥☛✭✾ ✇✜✭ ❀✟✦✧❣ ✜✧ ✌①✽✌✍✦☞✌✧✢ ✇✦✢✾ ✜ ✠✌✧✭ ✦✧ ✾✦✭ ✼✾✥✭✦❝✭ ✠✜❜❁ ➜✌ ❦✌✽✢
✜ ✍✌❢✌✍✌✧❝✌ ✟❜❥ ✌❝✢ ✜✢ ✭✌✈✌✍✜✠ ✽✟✭✦✢✦✟✧✭ ✜✧❀ ✧✟✢✌❀ ❝✟✍✍✌✭✽✟✧❀✦✧❣ ✦☞✜❣✌ ✭✦✐✌✭ ✜✧❀ ✽✟●
✭✦✢✦✟✧✭❁ ❊✾✌ ✭✜☞✌ ✜✍✌ ✭✾✟✇✧ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ❀✦✜❣✍✜☞ ❜✌✠✟✇❁ ➍✧❢✟✍✢☛✧✜✢✌✠✥❂ ✾✌ ❢✟✍❣✟✢ ✢✟ ✠✜❜✌✠
✢✾✌ ✟❜❥ ✌❝✢ ✜✧❀ ✦☞✜❣✌ ✽✟✭✦✢✦✟✧✭ ✜✧❀ ✢✟ ☞✌✧✢✦✟✧ ❀✌✢✜✦✠✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✢✾✌ ✠✌✧✭❂ ❜✌❝✜☛✭✌ ✾✌
✢✾✟☛❣✾✢ ✢✾✌☞ ✢✟ ❜✌ ✢✟✟ ✢✍✦✈✦✜✠❁ ➜✌✠✽ ✾✦✭ ✭❝✦✌✧❝✌ ✢✌✜❝✾✌✍ ✢✟ ☞✜❦✌ ✭✌✧✭✌ ✟❢ ✾✦✭ ❀✍✜✇✦✧❣
❜✥ ✐ ✧❀✦✧❣ ✢✥✽✌ ✟❢ ✠✌✧✭ ❄❝✟✧✈✌① ❏ ❝✟✧❝✜✈✌❈❂ ✦✢✭ ✽✟✭✦✢✦✟✧ ✜✧❀ ✦✢✭ ❢✟❝✜✠ ✠✌✧❣✢✾❁ ✔✧ ✢✾✌
❀✦✜❣✍✜☞❂ ✖ ✭✢✜✧❀✭ ❢✟✍ ✖❜❥ ✌❝✢ ✜✧❀ ✔ ❢✟✍ ✦☞✜❣✌❁ ✕✠✠ ✠✌✧❣✢✾✭ ✜✧❀ ✾✌✦❣✾✢✭ ✜✍✌ ✢✟ ✭❝✜✠✌❁


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸


✔ ❖ ❖ ✔

E
❖ ❖ ❖

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ❊✾✌ ✢✥✽✌ ✟❢ ✠✌✧✭ ✦✭ ❝✟✧✈✌① ✠✌✧✭❁ ✔✧ ✢✾✌ ✽✦❝✢☛✍✌❂ ✖❜ ❥✌❝✢●✔☞✜❣✌ ✽✜✦✍✭
✾✜✈✌ ❜✌✌✧ ❣✦✈✌✧ ✭✜☞✌ ✭☛❜✭❝✍✦✽✢❁ ➑ ✦✭ ✽✠✜❝✌❀ ✜✢ ✌①✜❝✢ ❢✟❝☛✭ ✭✟ ✦✢ ✾✜✭ ✧✟ ❝✟✍✍✌●
✭✽✟✧❀✦✧❣ ✦☞✜❣✌❁ ❋✟❝✜✠ ✠✌✧❣✢✾ ✟❢ ✠✌✧✭ ✦✭ ✜❜✟☛✢ ✘❁✘➎ ❝☞ ❄❋✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ✐❣☛✍✌❂ ❃❢ ❂ ③➁✚
❝☞❈❁



CS
✔❃

❖✚
✔✘ ❖➎ ❖❃

❖✛

❖✘
HB
▼✜✍❦✦✧❣ ✭❝✾✌☞✌✿ ➐✌✧✭ ✢✥✽✌ ● ✚ ☞✜✍❦❂ ❘✌✜✭✟✧✦✧❣ ● ✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❂ ✽✟✭✦✢✦✟✧ ● ✛ ☞✜✍❦✭❂
❢✟❝✜✠ ✠✌✧❣✢✾ ● ✛ ☞✜✍❦✭❂ ❝✍✟✭✭ ❝✾✌❝❦✦✧❣ ● ✚ ☞✜✍❦

➆❁ ❄➎ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✔✧ ✜ ❝✟☞✽✌✢✦✢✦✟✧ ❢✟✍ ✢✾✌ ☞✟✭✢ ☛✭✌✠✌✭✭ ✦✧✈✌✧✢✦✟✧✭❂ ❥✾✜✍✜❀ ✽✍✌✭✌✧✢✌❀ ✜ ✧✟✈✌✠
✢✌❝✾✧✦q☛✌ ✇✾✦❝✾ ☞✜❦✌✭ ✦✢ ✽✟✭✭✦❜✠✌ ✢✟ ❢✟✠❀ ✜✧ ✟✍❀✦✧✜✍✥ ✽✜✽✌✍ ➎✙ ✢✦☞✌✭ ✟✧ ✦✢✭✌✠❢❂ ✇✦✢✾✟☛✢
✜✧✥ ❣✜✽✭ ❜✌✢✇✌✌✧ ✠✜✥✌✍✭ ✟❢ ❢✟✠❀✭❁ ❵✜✠❝☛✠✜✢✌ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❢✟✠❀✌❀ ✽✜✽✌✍ ✜❢✢✌✍ ✦✢ ✾✜✭
❜✌✌✧ ❢✟✠❀✌❀ ➎✙ ✢✦☞✌✭❁ ✡✟✢✌ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✽✜✽✌✍ ✦✭ ❢✟✠❀✌❀ ❢☛✍✢✾✌✍ ✜✧❀ ❢☛✍✢✾✌✍ ✇✦✢✾✟☛✢
✟✽✌✧✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ✽✍✌✈✦✟☛✭ ❢✟✠❀✭ ✦❁✌❁ ✦✢ ✦✭ ❢✟✠❀✌❀ ✦✧ ✾✜✠❢ ✜✧❀ ✢✾✌✧ ✢✾✌ ❢✟✠❀✌❀ ✽✜✽✌✍ ✦✭ ❢✟✠❀✌❀
✟✧ ✢✾✌ ☞✦❀❀✠✌ ✢✟ ✍✌❀☛❝✌ ✢✾✌ ✜✍✌✜ ✢✟ ✜ q☛✜✍✢✌✍ ✜✧❀ ✭✟ ✟✧❁

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ✕ ✚✙✙ ✽✜❣✌ ✧✟✢✌❜✟✟❦ ✦✭ ✍✟☛❣✾✠✥ ✚ ❝☞ ✢✾✦❝❦❁ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈


❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✟❢ ✜ ✭✦✧❣✠✌ ✽✜✽✌✍ ✦✭ ✚✙➣❾ ❝☞ ✟✍ ✚✙➣❿ ☞✢ ❄✘ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ✁ ✘ ❽ ✚✙➣➑ ☞✢
✜❝❝✌✽✢✌❀❈❁ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

✔❢ ✥✟☛ ❢✟✠❀ ✢✾✌ ✽✜✽✌✍ ➎✙ ✢✦☞✌✭❂ ✦✢✭ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌❝✟☞✌❂

❂ ✘➑➅ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ❄✚❈


✁➑ ➑
❂ ✘ ➏➅ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ❂ ❄✚✙✘❃❈ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ❄✘❈
❻ ✚✙➏➑ ❽ ✚✙➣❿ ❄✛❈
❻ ✚✙➏➏ ☞✢➁ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈ ❄❃❈

E
❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✌ ✢✾✦❝❦✧✌✭✭ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✟✍❀✌✍ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧●❸✜✍✢✾ ❉✦✭✢✜✧❝✌❁

❅❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✕✠✜✧❦✜✍ ✇✜✭ ❥✟❣❣✦✧❣ ❀✟✇✧✾✦✠✠ ✜✧❀ ✾✌ ✧✟✢✌❀ ❀✦✭✢✜✧❝✌ ✢✍✜✈✌✠✌❀ ❜✥ ✾✦☞ ✜✢
✈✜✍✦✟☛✭ ✦✧✢✌✍✈✜✠✭❁ ✼✠✟✢ ✜✽✽✍✟✽✍✦✜✢✌ ❣✍✜✽✾ ✢✟ ✐ ✧❀ ✾✦✭ ✜❝❝✌✠✌✍✜✢✦✟✧ ✜✧❀ ✦✧✦✢✦✜✠ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✥❁
✔✧ ✢✾✌ ✢✜❜✠✌❂ ✢✦☞✌ ❄✢❈ ✦✭ ✦✧ ☞✦✧☛✢✌✭ ✜✧❀ ❀✦✭✢✜✧❝✌ ❄❀❈ ✦✭ ✦✧ ☞✌✢✌✍✭❁ ❇✟✢✾ ✢✾✌ q☛✜✧✢✦✢✦✌✭
✜✍✌ ☞✌✜✭☛✍✌❀ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ✭✢✜✍✢ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❥✟☛✍✧✌✥❁

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ➉ ❂ ✉t ✰
CS


❊✾☛✭❂ ✦❢ ✟✧✌ ✽✠✟✢✭ ✜

✡✟✇ ✦❢ ✇✌ ✽✠✟✢

t

✘✚
❼✙

➏ ❾
❾ ❛t




✚✚➆
✚③✘

✚✙
✚✘

✘❅➎
✛③❼

✚❃
✚❼

➎✘➎
❼➆✘

✚❅
✘✙

❅✛➆
✚✙✘✙

❣✍✜✽✾ ✟❢ ❀✦✭✢✜✧❝✌ ✈✌✍✭☛✭ ✢✦☞✌❂ ✦✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✜ ✽✜✍✜❜✟✠✦❝ ❝☛✍✈✌❁



❊✟ ✠✦✧✌✜✍✦✭✌ ✢✾✌ ❣✍✜✽✾❂ ✇✌ ❝✾✜✧❣✌ ✢✾✌ ✌q☛✜✢✦✟✧ ✜✭ ❂ ✉ ✰ t
t

✈✌✍✭☛✭ t ❂ ✦✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❣✦✈✌ ✜ ✠✦✧✌✜✍ ❣✍✜✽✾ ✇✦✢✾






✜✭ ✭✠✟✽✌ ✜✧❀ ✉ ✜✭
✥●✦✧✢✌✍❝✌✽✢❁

❲ ❩✴❲ ❲ ❩✴❲ ❲ ❩✴❲ ❲ ❩✴❲ ❲ ❩✴❲


✘ ✚✙❁➎ ❼ ✚③❁➎ ✚✙ ✘❅❁➎ ✚❃ ✛➆❁➎ ✚❅ ❃❼❁➎
❃ ✚➎ ❅ ✘❃ ✚✘ ✛✛ ✚❼ ❃✘ ✘✙ ➎✚
HB

❊✾☛✭❂ ✉ ❂ ❼ ☞❏☞✦✧ ✜✧❀ ❛ ❂ ❃➁➎ ☞❏☞✦✧❾ ❁


▼✜✍❦✦✧❣ ✭❝✾✌☞✌✿ ➐✦✧✌✜✍✦✭✜✢✦✟✧ ✟❢ ✌q☛✜✢✦✟✧✿ ✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❂ ❣✍✜✽✾ ✽✠✟✢✢✦✧❣ ✭❦✦✠✠✭✿ ❃
☞✜✍❦✭❂ ✭✠✟✽✌✿ ✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❂ ✐ ✧✜✠ ✜✧✭✇✌✍✭✿ ✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❁ ❥✟✠☛✢✦✟✧✭ ✇✦✢✾ ✧✟✧●✠✦✧✌✜✍ ❣✍✜✽✾✭✿
☞✜①✦☞☛☞ ➎ ☞✜✍❦✭❁


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

③❁ ❄✚✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ❥✜✧❀✌✭✾ ❢✜❜✍✦❝✜✢✌❀ ✜ ☞✜❣✦❝ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✟❢ ✍✜❀✦☛✭ ➀❂ ✇✾✦❝✾ ✦✭ ✾✟✠✠✟✇ ✟✧ ✢✾✌
✦✧✭✦❀✌ ✜✧❀ ✾✜✭ ✽✌✍❢✌❝✢✠✥ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✦✧❣ ✦✧✧✌✍ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁ ❊✾✦✭ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✾✜❀ ✜ ✭☞✜✠✠ ✾✟✠✌ ✦✧ ✦✢❁
❥✜✧❀✌✭✾ ✭✌✧✢ ✜ ✍✜✥ ✟❢ ✠✦❣✾✢ ✍✜❀✦✜✠✠✥ ✢✾✍✟☛❣✾ ✢✾✦✭ ✾✟✠✌❁ ✔✢ ✾✦✢ ✜ ✽✠✜✧✌ ☞✦✍✍✟✍❂ ❦✌✽✢ ✜✢
✜✧ ✜✧❣✠✌ ✟❢ ❃➎✍ ✇✦✢✾ ✢✾✌ ✦✧❝✦❀✌✧✢ ✍✜✥❂ ✜✢ ✭✟☞✌ ✽✟✦✧✢ ❜✌✥✟✧❀ ✢✾✌ ❝✌✧✢✍✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✭✽✾✌✍✌❂
❜☛✢ ❜✌❢✟✍✌ ✍✌✜❝✾✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ✟✽✽✟✭✦✢✌ ✌✧❀❁ ✕❢✢✌✍ ☛✧❀✌✍❣✟✦✧❣ ✟✧✌ ☞✟✍✌ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✦✟✧ ✜✢ ✢✾✌
✦✧✧✌✍ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✭✽✾✌✍✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✍✜✥ ❝✜☞✌ ✟☛✢ ❢✍✟☞ ✢✾✌ ✾✟✠✌❁ ❋✦✧❀ ✢✾✌ ❀✦✭✢✜✧❝✌ ❢✍✟☞
✢✾✌ ❝✌✧✢✍✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ✽✟✦✧✢ ✇✾✌✍✌ ✦✢ ✭✢✍☛❝❦ ✢✾✌ ✽✠✜✧✌ ☞✦✍✍✟✍❁

E
❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ✔✧ ✢✾✌ ✐ ❣☛✍✌ ❜✌✠✟✇❂ ❉ ✦✭ ✢✾✌ ✽✟✦✧✢ ✟❢ ✭✌❝✟✧❀ ✍✌✌✌❝✢✦✟✧❁ ❉ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌
✧✟✍☞✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌ ✜✢ ❉❁

CS
❪ ❇❉ ❂ ③✙✍ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈
HB
❪❇ ❉ ❂ ❪ ❆ ❉ ❂ ❪❉ ❆ ❂ ① ✯ ❆ ❂ ❉ ❄❼ ☞✜✍❦✭❈
✮ ❪ ❆ ❉ ❂ ✚❅✙ ✁ ❄ ❪❆❉ ✰ ❪❉ ❆ ❈
❂ ✚❅✙ ✁ ✘①
❜☛✢ ❪ ❆ ❉ ❂ ❪ ❇ ❉ ✰ ❪❇ ❉

✚❅✙ ✁ ✘① ❂ ③✙ ✰ ①
✮ ① ❂ ✛✙ ❄✘ ☞✜✍❦✭❈

❄ ❇❈ ❂ ❄ ❉ ❈ ✭✦✧ ✛✙ ❂ ❄✚ ☞✜✍❦❈

✚✙❁ ❄✘✙ ☞✜✍❦✭❈ ✕✧✭✇✌✍ ❢✟✠✠✟✇✦✧❣ q☛✌✭✢✦✟✧✭ ✦✧ ✛ ✢✟ ❃ ✠✦✧✌✭ ✌✜❝✾❁


❄✜❈ ❊✾✌ ❝✟✍✌ ✟❢ ✌✜✍✢✾ ✦✭ ✠✦❦✌ ✜ ✽✌✍❢✌❝✢✠✥ ❝✟✧❀☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✌☛✦❀ ✭✽✾✌✍✌❁ ✔❢ ✢✾✦✭ ❝✟✍✌ ✭☛❀❀✌✧✠✥
✭✾✍✦✧❦✭ ✢✟ ✾✜✠❢ ✟❢ ✦✢✭ ✽✍✌✭✌✧✢ ✍✜❀✦☛✭❂ ✢✾✌✧ ✇✾✜✢ ✇✦✠✠ ✾✜✽✽✌✧ ✢✟ ✦✢✭ ☞✜❣✧✌✢✦❝ ✐ ✌✠❀❧
➓✾✥❧


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸

❄❜❈ ✕ ✭✜✢✌✠✠✦✢✌ ✦✭ ✍✌✈✟✠✈✦✧❣ ✜✍✟☛✧❀ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✦✧ ✜ ✽✟✠✜✍ ✟✍❜✦✢ ✇✦✢✾ ③✙ ☞✦✧☛✢✌ ✽✌✍✦✟❀❁
✖✧ ✘✛ ✂✤ ❥✌✽✢✌☞❜✌✍❂ ✼✍✜✭✜❀ ✭✜✇ ✦✢ ✌①✜❝✢✠✥ ✟✈✌✍✾✌✜❀ ✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✢✦☞✌ ✟❢ ✭☛✧✭✌✢❁ ➓✦✢✾✦✧
✧✌①✢ ✢✇✌✧✢✥ ❢✟☛✍ ✾✟☛✍✭ ✾✟✇ ☞✜✧✥ ✭☛✧✍✦✭✌✭ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✭✌✌✧ ❜✥ ✢✾✌ ✭✜✢✌✠✠✦✢✌❧ ➓✾✥❧
❄❝❈ ✕✧✜✧❀ ✾✜✭ ✢✜❦✌✧ ✜ ✾✦❣✾ ✐ ✟✟☞ ✽✾✟✢✟❣✍✜✽✾ ✟❢ ✜ ✭☛✧●✭✽✟✢❁ ❊✾✌ ✽✾✟✢✟❣✍✜✽✾ ❀✟✌✭
✧✟✢ ✦✧❝✠☛❀✌ ✜✧✥ ✽✜✍✢ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❀✦✭❦ ✟☛✢✭✦❀✌ ✭☛✧●✭✽✟✢❁ ➓✾✜✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✢✾✌ ✽✍✌❀✟☞✦✧✜✧✢
❝✟✠✟☛✍ ✭✌✌✧ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✽✾✟✢✟❣✍✜✽✾❧ ➓✾✥❧
❄❀❈ ➓✾✜✢ ✇✦✠✠ ✾✜✽✽✌✧ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧ ✦❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ✈✜✧✦✭✾✌✭ ✭☛❀❀✌✧✠✥❧ ➓✾✥ ❧

E
❄✌❈ ✖✧ ✜ ❢☛✠✠ ▼✟✟✧ ❀✜✥❂ ✇✦✢✾ ✍✌✭✽✌❝✢ ✢✟ ✜✧ ✟❜✭✌✍✈✌✍ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾❂ ❀✟✌✭ ✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧
☞✟✈✌ ❢✜✭✢✌✍ ❄✜✧❣✠✌ ❝✟✈✌✍✌❀ ✽✌✍ ✾✟☛✍❈ ❀☛✍✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ❀✜✥ ✢✦☞✌ ✟✍ ✢✾✌ ❀☛✍✦✧❣ ✧✦❣✾✢
✢✦☞✌❧ ➓✾✥❧

❙✪❫✫❲❬✪▲✿ ❄✜❈ ▼✜❣✧✌✢✦❝ ✌☛① ☞☛✭✢ ❜✌ ❝✟✧✭✌✍✈✌❀❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ❇ ✴ ➀✚❾ ❁ ✕✭ ✢✾✌ ✍✜❀✦☛✭
✭✾✍✦✧❦✭ ✢✟ ✾✜✠❢❂ ✢✾✌ ☞✜❣✧✌✢✦❝ ✐ ✌✠❀ ✇✦✠✠ ✦✧❝✍✌✜✭✌ ❢✟☛✍●❢✟✠❀❁

CS
❄❜❈ ✕✭ ✢✾✌ ✭✜✢✌✠✠✦✢✌ ☞✜❦✌✭ ✜✧❣✠✌ ✟❢ ③✙✍ ✇✦✢✾ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❂ ✦✢✭ ✟✍❜✦✢ ✦✭ ✌①✜❝✢✠✥ ✜✠✟✧❣ ✢✾✌
✠✦✧✌ ✭✌✽✜✍✜✢✦✧❣ ❀✜✥ ✜✧❀ ✧✦❣✾✢ ✍✌❣✦✟✧✭ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾➛✭ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁ ➜✌✧❝✌❂ ✦✢✭ ✟✧✌ ✭✦❀✌
✇✦✠✠ ❝✟✧✢✦✧☛✟☛✭✠✥ ❢✜❝✌ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✜✧❀ ✾✌✧❝✌❂ ✢✾✌✍✌ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✡✖ ✭☛✧✍✦✭✌✭ ✭✌✌✧ ❜✥ ✢✾✌
✭✜✢✌✠✠✦✢✌❁
❄❝❈ ❊✾✌ ✭☛✧✭✽✟✢✭ ✾✜✈✌ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌ ✟❢ ✜✍✟☛✧❀ ❃➎✙✙↕❁ ❇✥ ➓✦✌✧➛✭ ✠✜✇❂ ✢✾✦✭ ❝✟✍✍✌●
✭✽✟✧❀✭ ✢✟ ✍✟☛❣✾✠✥ ✍✌❀ ❝✟✠✟☛✍❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✧✭✽✟✢✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✜✽✽✌✜✍ ✍✌❀❁
❄❀❈ ▼✟✟✧ ✇✦✠✠ ✍✌✢✜✦✧ ✜✠✠ ✦✢✭ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✥ ✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✦✧✭✢✜✧❝✌ ✟❢ ❀✦✭✜✽✽✌✜✍✜✧❝✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾❁
❊✾☛✭❂ ✦✢ ✇✦✠✠ ✾✜✈✌ ✭✦❣✧✦✐❝✜✧✢ ✧✟✧●✍✜❀✦✜✠ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✥ ✜✍✟☛✧❀ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✜✧❀ ✦✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❝✟✧●
✢✦✧☛✌ ✢✟ ✟✍❜✦✢ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧ ✦✧ ✧✌✜✍ ✦❀✌✧✢✦❝✜✠ ✽✜✢✾❁
❄✌❈ ➓✌ ✧✟✢✌ ✢✾✜✢ ▼✟✟✧ ✍✌✈✟✠✈✌✭ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✭✜☞✌ ❀✦✍✌❝✢✦✟✧ ✜✭ ✢✾✌ ✍✟✢✜✢✦✟✧ ✟❢ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾
✦❁✌❁ ❢✍✟☞ ➓✌✭✢ ✢✟ ❸✜✭✢❁ ✖✧ ✢✾✌ ❢☛✠✠ ▼✟✟✧ ❀✜✥❂ ▼✟✟✧ ✦✭ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✧✦❣✾✢ ✭✦❀✌ ✟❢ ✢✾✌
❸✜✍✢✾❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ✇✦✢✾ ✍✌✭✽✌❝✢ ✢✟ ✜✧ ✟❜✭✌✍✈✌✍ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾❂ ✢✾✌ ✢✜✧❣✌✧✢✦✜✠ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✦✌✭ ✟❢
✢✾✌ ▼✟✟✧ ✜✧❀ ✢✾✌ ❸✜✍✢✾ ❀☛✍✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ✧✦❣✾✢ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✦✧ ✢✾✌ ✭✜☞✌ ❀✦✍✌❝✢✦✟✧ ✜✧❀ ✾✌✧❝✌
✍✌✠✜✢✦✈✌ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✥ ✦✭ ✭✠✟✇✌✍❁ ❉☛✍✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ❀✜✥ ✢✜✧❣✌✧✢✦✜✠ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✦✌✭ ✜✍✌ ✦✧ ✟✽✽✟✭✦✢✌
HB
❀✦✍✌❝✢✦✟✧✭ ✾✌✧❝✌ ✢✾✌ ✍✌✠✜✢✦✈✌ ✈✌✠✟❝✦✢✥ ✦✭ ❢✜✭✢✌✍❁ ❊✾☛✭❂ ▼✟✟✧ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ☞✟✈✦✧❣ ❢✜✭✢✌✍
❀☛✍✦✧❣ ✢✾✌ ❀✜✥❁

❙♣❑❶✩ ⑧✪★ ❘✪✫❪❤ ❲✪★❦


■◆❆❖ ④ ✷✵✶✸
◆♦t❡s ❢♦r ❏✉♥✐♦r ●r♦✉♣

✻ ◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❃✿ ❊✜❦✌ ❜✟❀✥ ✕ ✢✟ ❜✌ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❁ ↕✌✽✠✌✍➛✭ ✢✾✦✍❀ ✠✜✇ ✭✢✜✢✌✭ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✭q☛✜✍✌

✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✽✍✟✽✟✍✢✦✟✧✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ❝☛❜✌ ✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭❁


✻ ◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ➎✿ ❛➄ ✁ ✚ ❂ ❄❛ ✁ ✚❈❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈❁

✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❅✿ ▼✟❀✦❢✥ ✜✽✽✍✟✽✍✦✜✢✌ ✌q☛✜✢✦✟✧ ✟❢ ☞✟✢✦✟✧ ✭☛❝✾ ✢✾✜✢ ✜✠✠ ✽✟✦✧✢✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✠✦✌

E
✜✠✟✧❣ ✜ ✭✢✍✜✦❣✾✢ ✠✦✧✌❁
✻ ◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄✜❈✿ ✔❢ ✢✾✌ ❝✟✧❀☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✭☛❀❀✌✧✠✥ ❝✾✜✧❣✌✭ ✢✾✌ ✭✦✐✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✐ ✌✠❀ ✠✦✧✌✭
✇✦✠✠ ✭✢✜✥ ✢✍✜✽✽✌❀ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁
✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄❝❈✿ ✕✢ ✜✧✥ ❣✦✈✌✧ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✽✌✜❦ ✟❢ ✢✾✌✍☞✜✠ ✍✜❀✦✜✢✦✟✧ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌
➓✦✌✧✵ ✭ ❝✟✧✭✢✜✧✢
✜✢ ✇✜✈✌✠✌✧❣✢✾ ✕➈❛① ❂ ❁



CS ◆♦t❡s ❢♦r ❏✉♥✐♦r ●r♦✉♣

◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❃✿ ❊✜❦✌ ❜✟❀✥ ✕ ✢✟ ❜✌ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❁ ↕✌✽✠✌✍➛✭ ✢✾✦✍❀ ✠✜✇ ✭✢✜✢✌✭ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✭q☛✜✍✌

✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✽✍✟✽✟✍✢✦✟✧✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ❝☛❜✌ ✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭❁

☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ➎✿ ❛➄ ✁ ✚ ❂ ❄❛ ✁ ✚❈❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈❁

☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❅✿ ▼✟❀✦❢✥ ✜✽✽✍✟✽✍✦✜✢✌ ✌q☛✜✢✦✟✧ ✟❢ ☞✟✢✦✟✧ ✭☛❝✾ ✢✾✜✢ ✜✠✠ ✽✟✦✧✢✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✠✦✌
✜✠✟✧❣ ✜ ✭✢✍✜✦❣✾✢ ✠✦✧✌❁
◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄✜❈✿ ✔❢ ✢✾✌ ❝✟✧❀☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✭☛❀❀✌✧✠✥ ❝✾✜✧❣✌✭ ✢✾✌ ✭✦✐✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✐ ✌✠❀ ✠✦✧✌✭
✇✦✠✠ ✭✢✜✥ ✢✍✜✽✽✌❀ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁

✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄❝❈✿ ✕✢ ✜✧✥ ❣✦✈✌✧ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✽✌✜❦ ✟❢ ✢✾✌✍☞✜✠ ✍✜❀✦✜✢✦✟✧ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌
➓✦✌✧✵ ✭ ❝✟✧✭✢✜✧✢
✜✢ ✇✜✈✌✠✌✧❣✢✾ ✕➈❛① ❂ ❁

HB
◆♦t❡s ❢♦r ❏✉♥✐♦r ●r♦✉♣

✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❃✿ ❊✜❦✌ ❜✟❀✥ ✕ ✢✟ ❜✌ ✢✾✌ ❥☛✧❁ ↕✌✽✠✌✍➛✭ ✢✾✦✍❀ ✠✜✇ ✭✢✜✢✌✭ ✢✾✜✢ ✢✾✌ ✭q☛✜✍✌
✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✽✌✍✦✟❀ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌ ✽✍✟✽✟✍✢✦✟✧✜✠ ✢✟ ✢✾✌ ❝☛❜✌ ✟❢ ✟✍❜✦✢✜✠ ✍✜❀✦☛✭❁

✻ ◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ➎✿ ❛➄ ✁ ✚ ❂ ❄❛ ✁ ✚❈❄❛❾ ✰ ❛ ✰ ✚❈❁


✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ❅✿ ▼✟❀✦❢✥ ✜✽✽✍✟✽✍✦✜✢✌ ✌q☛✜✢✦✟✧ ✟❢ ☞✟✢✦✟✧ ✭☛❝✾ ✢✾✜✢ ✜✠✠ ✽✟✦✧✢✭ ✇✦✠✠ ✠✦✌
✜✠✟✧❣ ✜ ✭✢✍✜✦❣✾✢ ✠✦✧✌❁
✻ ◗☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄✜❈✿ ✔❢ ✢✾✌ ❝✟✧❀☛❝✢✦✧❣ ✭✽✾✌✍✌ ✭☛❀❀✌✧✠✥ ❝✾✜✧❣✌✭ ✢✾✌ ✭✦✐✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✐ ✌✠❀ ✠✦✧✌✭
✇✦✠✠ ✭✢✜✥ ✢✍✜✽✽✌❀ ✟✧ ✢✾✌ ✭☛✍❢✜❝✌❁
✻ ◗ ☛✌✭✢✦✟✧ ✚✙ ❄❝❈✿ ✕✢ ✜✧✥ ❣✦✈✌✧ ✢✌☞✽✌✍✜✢☛✍✌❂ ✢✾✌ ✽✌✜❦ ✟❢ ✢✾✌✍☞✜✠ ✍✜❀✦✜✢✦✟✧ ✇✦✠✠ ❜✌
➓✦✌✧✵ ✭ ❝✟✧✭✢✜✧✢
✜✢ ✇✜✈✌✠✌✧❣✢✾ ✕➈❛① ❂ ❁

✽✍✌✽✜✍✌❀ ☛✭✦✧❣ ➐❆❊❸❳✘✎

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