PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™
*6388004630*

CHEMISTRY 0620/43
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB21 11_0620_43/3RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
 PMT

1 A list of substances is shown.

ammonia
bauxite
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
ethanol
hematite
oxygen
sodium chloride
sulfur dioxide

Answer the questions using the list of substances.

Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which substance is:

(a) an element ........................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) an ore of aluminium ............................................................................................................. [1]

(c) a gas that causes acid rain .................................................................................................. [1]

(d) used as a fuel ...................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) an ionic compound .............................................................................................................. [1]

(f) produced in the Haber process ........................................................................................... [1]

(g) a product of respiration ........................................................................................................ [1]

(h) a toxic product of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(i) a gas produced in the test for nitrate ions. .......................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

2 This question is about electrolysis.

(a) State the meaning of the term electrolyte.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The table gives information about the electrolysis of two electrolytes. Carbon (graphite)
electrodes are used in each experiment.

(i) Complete the table to show the observations and products of electrolysis.

positive electrode (anode) negative electrode (cathode)

electrolyte observations name of product observations name of product
aqueous colourless
copper(II) sulfate bubbles
concentrated aqueous colourless
hydrogen
sodium bromide bubbles

[5]

(ii) Hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of
concentrated aqueous sodium bromide.

Write the ionic half-equation for this reaction.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) State two reasons why carbon (graphite) is suitable to use as an electrode.

1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iv) Name the particle responsible for the conduction of electricity in the metal wires used in a
circuit.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

3 Lead is a metallic element in Group IV. One of the ores of lead is galena, which is an impure form
of lead(II) sulfide, PbS.

Lead also occurs in the ore cerussite, which contains lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3.

(a) Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of PbCO3.

Mr of PbCO3 = .............................. [1]

(b) The Mr of PbS is 239.

Calculate the percentage of lead by mass in PbS.

percentage of lead by mass in PbS = .............................. [1]

(c) The percentage of lead by mass in PbCO3 is 77.5%.

Use this information and your answer to (b) to suggest whether it would be better to extract
lead from PbCO3 or PbS.

Give a reason for your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) When lead(II) carbonate is heated it decomposes into lead(II) oxide, PbO, and carbon dioxide.

Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Lead(II) carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid. One of the products is aqueous lead(II) nitrate,
Pb(NO3)2.

Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

(f) Lead(II) oxide and carbon dioxide are oxides of Group IV elements.

(i) Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in one molecule of CO2.
Show only the outer electrons.

O C O

[2]

(ii) The melting points of lead(II) oxide and carbon dioxide are shown.

melting point / °C
lead(II) oxide 886
carbon dioxide –56

Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why lead(II) oxide has a much
higher melting point than carbon dioxide.

Your answer should refer to:

● the types of particles involved

● the relative strength of the forces of attraction between the particles.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

(g) Part of the reactivity series is shown.

magnesium most reactive

lead

copper least reactive

Aqueous lead(II) nitrate contains Pb2+ ions.

Two experiments are carried out.

In Experiment 1, magnesium is added to aqueous lead(II) nitrate.

In Experiment 2, copper is added to aqueous lead(II) nitrate.

Write an ionic equation for any reaction that occurs in each experiment. If no reaction occurs
write ‘no reaction’.

Experiment 1 .............................................................................................................................

Experiment 2 .............................................................................................................................
[2]

(h) When lead(II) nitrate is heated it decomposes to produce the same gaseous products as when
copper(II) nitrate is heated.

(i) One of the gaseous products is oxygen.

Describe a test for oxygen.

test ......................................................................................................................................

observations .......................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Name the other gaseous product.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 16]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

4 Carbon is an important element.

(a) Carbon exists as the isotopes 126C and 136C.

Complete the table.

number of protons number of electrons number of neutrons

isotope
in one atom in one atom in one atom
12
6C

13
6C

[2]

(b) Name two forms of the element carbon which have giant covalent structures.

................................................................... and ................................................................... [1]

(c) The Avogadro constant is the number of particles in 1 mole.

The numerical value of the Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023.

(i) Calculate the number of molecules in 22.0 g of carbon dioxide, CO2.

............................... molecules [2]

(ii) Calculate the number of molecules in 6.00 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas at room temperature
and pressure.

............................... molecules [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

5 (a) Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide can be used to prepare sodium sulfate
crystals using a method that involves titration.

dilute
sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 aqueous

sodium hydroxide

(i) Suggest why universal indicator is not suitable for this titration.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name an indicator that can be used in this titration.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

20.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid neutralises 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.
At the end of the titration the conical flask contains aqueous sodium sulfate with the dissolved
indicator as an impurity.

(b) Describe how to prepare a pure sample of sodium sulfate crystals from the original solutions
of dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide of the same concentrations.

You are not required to give details of how to carry out the titration.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [5]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

(c) Sodium hydrogensulfate, NaHSO4, dissolves in water to produce an aqueous solution, X,

containing Na+, H+ and SO42– ions.

State the observations when the following tests are done.

(i) A flame test is carried out on X.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Copper(II) oxide is warmed with an excess of X.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Acidified aqueous barium nitrate is added to X.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

10

6 A student investigates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst of

manganese(IV) oxide.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(a) State the meaning of the term catalyst.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The diagram shows the equipment the student uses.

cotton wool

catalyst of
manganese(IV) oxide
aqueous
hydrogen peroxide

balance

The student uses this method:

● the catalyst is added to the aqueous hydrogen peroxide

● the stop-clock is started
● the mass of the flask and contents is recorded at regular time intervals.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

11

A graph of the mass of the flask and contents against time is shown.

mass of the flask

and contents / g

time / s

(i) Suggest why the mass of the flask and contents decreases as time increases.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe what happens to the rate of the reaction as time increases.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The student repeats the experiment at a higher temperature. All other conditions stay the
same. The rate of reaction increases.

(i) Explain, in terms of collisions between particles, why the rate of reaction increases at a
higher temperature.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Draw a line on the graph in (b) for the experiment at a higher temperature. [2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12

7 (a) Ethanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols.

Give two characteristics of members of a homologous series.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Ethanol can be manufactured from ethene.

Ethene can be made from long chain hydrocarbons such as decane, C10H22.

Ethene is then converted into ethanol.

(i) Name the process used to obtain ethene from long chain hydrocarbons such as decane,
C10H22.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the chemical equation to show the formation of ethene from decane, C10H22.

C10H22 → C4H8 + ................... + ................... [2]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the conversion of ethene into ethanol.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Name the type of reaction occurring when ethene is converted into ethanol.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Give one condition for the reaction in which ethene is converted into ethanol.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ethanol can also be produced by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose.

Give two advantages of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation compared to manufacturing

ethanol from ethene.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

13

(d) (i) Under certain conditions ethene can react with chlorine to produce chloroethene.

The structure of chloroethene is shown.

H H

C C

H Cl

The equation for the chemical reaction is shown.

C2H4 + Cl 2 → C2H3Cl + HCl

State the type of chemical reaction between ethene and chlorine that this equation shows.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Chloroethene monomers can be converted into a polymer called poly(chloroethene).

State the type of polymerisation that produces poly(chloroethene) from chloroethene.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Draw a section of the poly(chloroethene) molecule made from two monomer molecules.

[2]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

14

(e) The structure of part of a polymer is shown.

O O O

N C N C N C

H H H

This polymer is made from one type of monomer only.

Complete the diagram to show the structure of the monomer used to produce this polymer.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the functional groups.

[2]

[Total: 16]

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 PMT

15

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0620/43/O/N/21

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2021
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/43/O/N/21
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
PMT