fy % Republic of the Philippines 2)EPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Dep K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module CAREGIVING EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8TABLE OF CONTENTS What Is This Module About How Do You Use This Module... LESSON | — Use and Maintenance of Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia, 33 LESSON 2- Perform Calculations... 3SSON 3 = Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures... LESSON 4 - Maintain Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia... Answer Key sen Acknowledgment ... CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology arid Livélitiond Eduicaticin 1What Is This Module About? Welcome to the world of Caregiving! This Module is an exploratory and introductory course which leads you to Caregiving National Certificate Level II (NC Il)’. It covers four common competencies that a Grade 7iGrade 8 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely: 1). Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia 2), Perform Calculations 3). Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures 4). Maintain Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia “These four common competencies are covered separately in faur lessons. As shown below, ich Lesson is directed tothe attainment of one, twa, or three learning outcomes Lesson 1 - Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia LO1. Identify caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable oa specific job. LO2. Use caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia properly. Lesson 2 ~ Perform Calculations LO1. Perform simple calculations. Lesson 3 — Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LO. Identify hazards and risks LO2, Evaluate and control hazards and risks Lesson 4 - Maintain Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia LO1.Perform aftercare activities for tools, equipment, and paraphernalia. Your success in this exploratory course on Caregiving is shown in your abilty to perform the following at the end of this Module: ‘NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NCP is wceticaton isc to ila was ache al the rue nits of pteny fra atonal -quaifition ws dfn unaer the Teuining Regulations, NCsare alge specific ces ath the PTOF. (TESDIA Board Resolution No, 2004613, Trrining Regulations Feamevork) NTTONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers tothe our (#) qualifeation lve clefned in the Pipyine TVET Quatifcations Frameacork (PHQED Were th worker in: {NC performs rouse and predict toss: a ite jadgment: ar, sorks winder sper: 1B, NCAT peor reste emge of functions incoleig kneon routines and poorest doce anf complerity of Functions, ad hes ite accountaiiy, a CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2How Do You Use This Module? This Module has 4 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following: Learning Outcomes Performance Standards Materials Definition of Terms What Do You Already Know? What Do You Need to Know? How Much Have You Learned? How De You Apply What You Learned? How Well Did You Perform? How Do You Extend Your Leaming? References To get the most from this Module, you've got to do the following: 1. Begin by reading and understanding the Leaming Outcamels and Performance Standards. These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this. Module. 2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you do not have to go through the Lesson because you already know what it is supposed ta teach you. If you failed to get 89 to 100% of the items correctly, repeat the Lesson and review especially: those items which yau failed to get. 3, Do the required Learning Activities. It begins with one or more Information Sheets, ‘An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to- know, After reading the Information Sheet, test yaurself on how much you have learned by way of the Sell-chack. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate to go back te the Information Sheet when you do: not get all test items correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information 4. It is not enough that you acquire content or information. You must be able to demonstrate what you have learned by daing what the Activity / Gperation {Job Sheet directs you to do. In other words, you must be able to apply what you learned in real fife. 5. How well did you perform? Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key tems for your guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully, ? Ifyou have questions, ask your teacher for assistance. CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 3Use Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia LEARNING OUTCOMES: ‘At the end of this Lesson, you are expected te do the following: Loi. Tdentify caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable to specific job LO 2. Vat caregiving fosleyequipmicnt and paraghérnalia properly LO 3. perform preventive maintenance, CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 4PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ‘Tools and equipment are cleaned immediately after use in line with farm procedures. Routine check-up and maintenance are performed, Tools and equipment are stored in designated areas in line with farm procedures. Farm tools and equipment are regularly sharpened and oiled from time ta time. Definition of Terms Bulb — a rubber which is squeezed to inflate the cult Carafe — a glass pot with a pouring spout Caregiver — a worker who is qualified to provide personal care independently or with minimal supervision, to children, elderly or people with special needs (disabilities) Chestpiece — also callled the head, contains the diaphragm or bell that vibrates with sound Child — an individual with age ranging from 0-13 years old Countertop — a flat surface on top of a cabinet or display case as in a kitchen Cuff - a fabric that is wrapped around a patient's arm Ear Tubes —altach the earpieces to the main body of the stethoscope Earpieces — part of the stethoscope which are placed into the ears and transmit sounds directly into them Elderly — an individual with age ranging from sixty (60) years old and above Emulsify — the process of combining two liquids that do not normally mix easily Infant — an individual with age ranging from 0- 12 months (1 yr, old) Lever — a projecting handle used to adjust or operate a function People with special needs (Disabilities) — person incapable of performing specific tasks either physically, mentally, and/or behaviorally, Rectum ~ the end part af the large intestine Reservoir — a receptacle for storing fluid Suction — a force that causes a fluid or solid to be drawn into an interior space or to stick on to a surface because of the difference between the external and internal pressures. ‘Toddlers — individuals with age ranging from 1-3 years old Tubing ~ also called acoustic tubes which connect two ear tubes to the chestpiece (diaphragm or bell) Vatve allows air in to inflate the cuff when the bulb is squeezed, then can be unscrewed to release the air and remave the cuff. Vessel — is a hollow container used to hold liquid ‘Whip ~is the process of striking something with continual, repetitive strokes CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 5LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Identify caregiving tools, equipment and. paraphernalia applicable to the specific job PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 1. Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are identified according to their types, functions and classifications. 2. Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are determined based on the specified task, * LCD projector or OHP * Computer desktop or laptop * Pictures of tools. equipment, and paraphemalia CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 6What Do You Already Know? Let us determine how much you already know about the tools, equipment, and paraphernalia used in caregiving Take this test. Protest LO 1 |. Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with the descriptions in Column 8. Write the letier of your choice in the space provided before each item. Column & Column 1 mo es ‘A. It destructs microorganisms in containers. 2 B, [tis @ multi-tasking tool used in preparing food. 3 C. Hremoves moisture through ventilation, 4 D. is used for listening to the action of the heart, lungs ete. 5 E. Itis an instrument for grasping and holding, Il. Directions: Identify the tool, equipment, or paraphernalia used in the given specific tasks. 1. Cleans the dishes without doing it manually 2. Presses clothes or draperies. 3. Reheats food for the client 4. Emulsifies food ingredients 5. _ Hangs garments on CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 7a) S| What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1. Caregiving Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. You, as a future caregiver, therefore, should be well versed with the different toals and equipment that you will use when you are already in the health care profession. Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia Used in Meal Preparation Airpot An air pot is a vessel usually rounded which is used for holding liquid to maintain heat or coldness. and laboratory appliance which is used a to mix, puree, or emulsify food and other substances. Coffee Maker A coffee maker is an electric countertop appliance that brews hot coffee automatically, CAREGIVING Ko 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 8 —‘Chopping Board A chopping board is a flat, wooden, or plastic board where meats or vegetables can be cut. Electric Knife ‘An electric knife is a kitchen device which is used for slicing food, It requires less physical effort than an ordinary knife and makes neater slices. In F An electric can opener is a very useful device which is used to open canned goods with ease and accuracy. Food Processor A food processor is @ multi-tasking tool which is used to slice, dice, or whip foad ingredients. Food Tongs ‘A food tongs is an instrument with two hinged or sprung arms for grasping and holding. Ladie A ladle is a long-handled spoon with a deep bowl at the end for serving food specially broth or soup. CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 9Microwave Oven ‘A microwave oven is an oven thal uses micrawave to cook or heat food. Astove is an appliance in which electricity/gas is utilized to supply heat to be used for cooking or reheating, Tools, Equipment, and Paray iphernalia for Cleaning, Washing, and Ironing Bottle Ster A boltle sterilizer is an apparatus which is used in destructing microorganisms in containers like feeding bottle through boiling. Broom A broom is a tool which is used for sweeping dirt. It consists of twigs and bristles bound together and attached to a handle. Clothes Hanger ‘A hanger resembles the shape of a person's shoulders and is used to hang garments on, CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 10Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes, eating utensils and pots. Dryer A dryer is a machine or apparatus thal removes moisture ‘through ventilation or heat. Bustpan A dustpan is a handled pan or scoop into which dust is swept. Buster A duster is a cloth or brush which is used in removing dirt and dust. Flat Iron, A clothes iron is an eleciric appliance which is used along with an ironing board, to iran or press clothing, fabric or draperies. lroning Board ‘An ironing board is a long, narrow padded board, often with collapsible supporting legs, used as a working surface for ning. CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education unLaundry/Sorting Basket ‘A laundry basket is a hamper that is used for holding dirty clothes for washing or wet clothes for drying. It may also be used for sorting clean clothes to be folded. ‘A vacuum cleaner is an electrical appliance which is used for cleaning floors, carpets, and furniture by suction. ing Machine A washing machine is an electric appliance which is used for washing clothes and linen, Tools, Equipment, and Paray phernalia for Taking Vital Signs BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphyamomanometer) ‘An aneroid unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self-testing; a stethoscope that is built in of attached; and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on an easy-to-read gauge that will function in any position. CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer) ‘A mercury-based unit has a manually inflatable cuff attached by tubing to the unit that is calibrated in millimeters of mercury. During blood pressure measurement, the unit must be kept upright on a flat surface and the gauge read at eye level, BP Apparatus Digital (sphyamomanometer) A digital unit is mercury free and consists of a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self-testing; a stethoscope that is builtin or attached; and a valve that inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed on the LCD Stethoscope A stethoscope is an instrument which is used for listening to the action of the heart, lungs, elc., usually consisting of a circular piece placed against the chest, with tubes leading to earpieces. Thermometer A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 13>|o]afofa| |-| ifsc] xe] 3] z[c0] 0|ee|<|o]m}o|z|_]z\0 [er[_| | i ]x9| } 3} set |] | | e0 [9] >< |e EO |o|>|2/2/>|) ><| xe |e |e us| |x| x] 3] 4] | xe 0}-<} nul Blo |><|us] 00 [or >| a5 us| |0. |-]s}o. jar su] S/o] z| <|S/o|S]o|>|x]o.|en|u lolz) £8 a.|z/olz|z/o|_-|z]o/afola|_jajz>-[H-fofec|u [olor [eafuy $8 [olel_|+feal—[S|e[ufa/<[olz|>[J2]5)5|-|_e foe S)- ae o|>|5|z|>|z>-[al>/2|5|5|a|o|5[5Jol2|>|sJoafu fo a8 a} o|>|wlo}o|x|>]a/o] a/z]o|x|x|>|>|m|H|se|=] sou ag |S | fer] S| |x Jeo fuu| —|x¢ [00] ><| 3] 0|+| >| >|or|a]e0| a]an|ee|+ os ig ole |Seo)y]a|Hl=/a] sls fe] fue fu. foal ofus|x lz] ree eu) >| 3 32 +\<|<|of<||sJulo|>|xlala||-lolz|*/3 [ols] x|u|3/o E eS jwlal=|s|x|z/x|e|_|-[oloo|>|w|ulo|=|njolu|x|=\a/o|>| 3 -[o}z |us|_|5)a fa [a)ecfaolo|a|x|jalzjojo|ufuu|zlala zZ 3 | —[a)-[>[>-lofo[>]s[o[folola|e|nslar | >[SJofufa [x > 52 | 3|>|u|z/0\0|5|>|0|_|5|_lola <|3|z]-|o||>]2| 2 23 ca) o ole ||| |||] o]u fon] <|<|2| 4] |r|] >) lene & se |Z |2<|2|>-|w))>/se|eo}-/o)ec|-|>|>]0/0]a.|u|—|}xe/2|z]0) a $8 § elelelal-|x Sola] <\ojoler|alu leolarl-|w>|x/a}xe|I0) 3 ue | ce|us|>|co|n}2|-3|-|ola.|o]=|wlee|<}en}a|—lor-|o|o fu. |u| = E28 [fulBlol>|elolx|x[|elxle| ae fel] le |-|-lols la 3 BSE (eclclel-(=/>[olalalzloelule|-|>|-\-f> Bo eclol_folealen S|>|_|_fu [Slob fealalu lolx fse|-| >| 3 al + |>|exfoa) —|o]o[3]—Ja|ee|_x]ofa.| sferf-fofa.|se|_||uu) 6 O|-|S}<|a)<|o]o|_|F|a]>|>|_ Z| |z| Ser |w |=|o9| tasks. Directions: Identify the tool, equipment, or paraphernalia used in the given specific For sorting clean clothes 1 For sweeping dirt on the floor 2. For measuring blood pressure For removing dirt from the surface of a television For scooping dust an the floor 5. “ Kto 12 Technology and Livelihoad Education CAREGIVINGIll. Directions: Group the following tools. equipment, and paraphernalia accarding to their classifications, Write each word in the appropriate box. Dryer Electric knife Iron Sphygmomanometer Foad Processor Ladle Ironing board Stethoscope Thermometer Used for meal preparation | Used for cleaning, laundry, | Used for taking vital signs and ironing Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score? How Do You Apply What You Have Learned? ‘Activity sheet 1.1 Show that you learned something by doing this activity [sored Direction: Compile pictures of the different caregiving equipment, tools, and paraphernalia, Make a handbook that will be useful for a future caregiver like you, Provide a summary which presents the equipment, tools, and paraphernalia according to its classification, use and function. A sample guide is provided for you, Name Classification Use Function Equipment, tools and Sample picture of | paraphernalia for | Used for cleaning —_| Removes dust duster cleaning, washing, laundry and ironing ‘Submitted by: ‘Submitted to: Name of Student TLE Teacher Date: —_—————————— CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 15How Do You Extend Your Learning Assignment Sheet 1.1 Directions: Make a list of the different tools, equipment and paraphernalia that may be found in your home. Identify the function of each and determine whether or not this can be used in a health care environment. Tools, equipment, and Functions Can these be used ina paraphernalia health care environment? —_— CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 16LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Use caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia properly PERFORMANCE STANDARDS. © Equipment, tools, and paraphernalia are used properly. + Equipment, tools, and paraphemalia are used based on the task requirement, Materials LCD projector or OHP Computer desktop or laptop Pictures of tools, equipment, and paraphernalia DVD player Blender Coffee maker Electric can opener Food processor Microwave oven Electric bottle sterilizer tron Washing machine ical thermometer Digital thermometer Ear digital thermometer Infrared thermometer with laser pointer ‘Sphygmomanometer (mercurial and aneroid) Stethoscope CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education W7Let us determine how much you already know about the proper way of using tools,equipment, and paraphernalia used on Caregiving. Take this test. ProtestLO2 |. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, or False if itis incorrect. 1. Infrared thermometers are commonly called laser thermometers. 2. Temperatures are bodily functions that reflect the body's state of health and are easily measurable. 3. The first step in washing clothes is sorting them according to color and type of garment. Iron should cool down before storing. 5. When measuring the client's temperature, it is not important for the caregiver to wash histher hands because helshe does not come in contact with the client's bodily fluid. N. Directions: Eneircle the letter of the best answer. 1. Whats the balance between heat produced and heat lost in the body? a. pulse rate b. body temperature c. respiratory rate d. blood pressure 2. This type of thermometer uses mercury and, therefore, is considered unsafe to use. a. ear thermometer b. infrared thermometer ©. digital thermometer d._ iinical thermometer 3. Which of the following is not proper when operating a blender? @, operating a blender in a dry, flat surface b. plugging the blender first before putting the pitcher onto the base . choosing the setting appropriate for the specified task 4d, placing all the parts of the blender in their appropriate places before operating it a CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 184, The kind of temperature when the thermometer is placed under the armpit. oral temperature rectal temperature axillary temperature none of the above apes 5. These should be checked befare ironing as some fabrics need special care instructions. labels of the garments to be ironed pleats and packets of skirts collars and sleeves of shirts pants’ waistbands aeoe What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1 Information Sheet 2.1 Operating Caregiving Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia Now that you have successfully identified the different equipment, tools, and paraphernalia used in providing health care, it is a must that you master the proper utilization of each. As an efficient and dependable caregiver, you must lear the procedures in operating them, since you will be expected to use them in your particular job. Common Equipment in Meal Preparation : 1. Choose a fiat, dry surface on which to operate your blender. 2. Make sure that all the parts are placed in their appropriate places before operating. 3, Put the pitcher onto the base and plug the blender. 4, Place the ingredients in the pitcher and put the lid on firmly. CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 195. Start operating by choosing the setting appropriate for the task you are going to do. 6. You may add food or ingredients through the secondary lid while the blender is running, 7. Clean the blender after use. 2, 3, Coffee Maker 1. Fill the carafe with water according to the number of cups of coffee you need to make, 2. Pour the water from the carafe into the reservoir of the coffee maker, and place the carafe back into position. 3. Place a coffee filter into the filter basket. The amount of coffee you'll need to add depends on how strong or weak your clients like it. Then, add the coffee into the filter using a spoon. 4. Tum on the coffee maker and wait for your coffee to brew. ctric Can Opener Plug the electric can opener into an outlet. Lift up the lever that raises the cutting wheel into the air. Place the lip of the can under the wheel. Put the lever down and press hard enough so that the wheel gets into the can. Turn on the opener while holding the bottom of the can and it will automatically turn as the wheel slices through the can. Remove the can from the opener when it reaches the end and you feel a slight drop of the can. The lid will remain attached to the magnet on the opener and the can is ready to dump. Unplug the opener from the outlet. Food Processor 1, Remove the food processor from its box container, 2, Place it on a stable, flat surface. 3. Plug it on the electrical outlet safely. 4. Remave the cover and put the food ingredients to be processed. CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 205. Pul back the cover and turn on the processor to start with the procedure. 6. As soon as you have reached the desired size or texture for your food ingredients, remove the cover and pour the ingredients into your bow! or plate. 7. Unplug the food processor and clean it based on the manufacturer's instructions. Microwave Oven Microwave oven is a very useful tool specially during mealtime, but you should exercise special care when using it to cook or reheat food to ensure that it is prepared safely, Microwave Oven Cooking + Position evenly the food items in a covered dish. You may add some liquid if necessary. Cover the dish with a lid or plastic wrap, but make sure not to cover it completely to let steam come out. The heat that is created will help destroy harmful bacteria and ensure uniform cooking. * Itis better to cook large cuts of meat on medium power for langer periods than on high power. This way, heat reaches the center without overcooking outer areas. + Mix oF rotate food midway through the microwaving time. This is important so as to eliminate cold spots where harmful bacteria can survive, and for more even cocking, + When partially cooking food in the microwave oven ta finish cooking on the grill or in a conventional oven, it is important to transfer the microwaved food to the other heat source immediately. Never partially cook food and store it for later use. + Use a food thermometer or the oven's temperature probe to verify the food has reached a safe minimum internal temperature. Cooking times may vary because ovens vary in power and efficiency. Always allow standing time, which completes the cooking, before checking the internal temperature with a food thermometer. Microwave Defrosting + Remove food from the package before defrosting. Do not use foam trays and plastic wraps because they are not heal stable at high temperatures, Melting or warping may cause harmful chemicals to migrate into food. + Immediately after defrosting meat and poultry in microwave oven, they should be cooked since some areas of the frozen food may begin to cook during the defrosting time. —_—— CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education aBottle Sterilizer 1, Place the recommended amount of water as ‘specified in the manufacturer's instructional . manual. Then, plug in the unit 2. Place the bottle upside down (use the prongs to i Support them individually). Place the nipples, | nipple rings and caps in such a way that they do not touch each other. Either prop them between the lower prongs, or place them on the Supplied surface. 3. Cover the stefiizer and tum on the unit. Sterilization typically takes about 10 minutes with an automatic cycle that raises water temperature to a sufficient level to kill off any bacteria (212 degrees Fahrenheit). Once this cycle ends, the unit automatically begins to cool. Some madels or units will not allow you to open the cover until the cooling cycle is completed. 4, Unplug the unit. 5. Remove the feeding bottles from the sterilizer. 6. Clean the sterilizer based on the manufacturer's specifications. Common Equipment in Cleaning, Laundry, and Ironing Flat Iron 1. Check the label of every garment before ironing. This is necessary as some fabrics need special care instructions. 2. Unfold your ironing board near the outlet. Plug in your iron and choose the appropriate setting based ‘on the material of the clothes you are ironing, 3. Preheating the flat iron should be done before starting. You will have to wait about 2-5 minutes to let the iron warm up. 4, Stretch the garment across the ironing board to make sure itis flat, 5, Run the iran over one part of the garment such as the hem just to be sure that too hot. 6. Move the iron over the pants, blouse, or shirt and take note of pleats and pockets. For the shirts, start with the collar next to the sleeves, and then the shirt itself. For pants and shorts, start with the inside then the outside of the pants starting from the waistband —_— CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2down. Generally, skiris and dresses are ironed from the top to the hem. If there are pleats, iron from the bottom and work upward with fast strokes. Each pleat should be pressed individually. Hang each garment that you have ironed to keep it from wrinkling again. 7. Unplug the iron and allow the unit to cool before storing it Washing Machine 1. The very first step in washing is sorting the clothes of your client. Separate white and light-colored fram dark-colored clothes. Also, they should be sorted according to their material. Wash clothes with heavy fabrics together and clothes with light fabrics together. 2, Put detergent into the washing machine. Let the detergent go to the bottom of the washing machine. 3. Put the clothes loosely into the washing machine. 4. Load the laundry as high as the manufacturer specifies or to the top row of holes in the tub. 5. Close the lid and choose the setting of the washing machine according to what you are washing. 6. Tum on the machine, Let the unit work through all of the cycles, Wait for the machine to tum off before you unload the washed laundry. 7. Load the next batch of clothes and do steps 5 and 6 again until you are done with the laundry. 8. Tum off and unplug the unit, Common Equipment in Taking the Vital Signs When caring for an infant, toddler, child, elderly or person with special needs, measuring the vital signs is of utmost concern. This is also a concern of your client. Hence, he/she has the right to know her vitat signs. This module will walk you through the basics of taking two of the important measurements. As you lean the different processes, you will also get your hands on the crucial pointers necessary in obtaining an accurate reading, But first, let us talk about vital signs. Vital signs are bodily functions that reflect the body's state of health and are easily measurable: body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, In some cases, the fifth vital sign is considered to be the pain that a person experiences. ee CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 23‘Thermometer Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature. The normal adult body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, There is a normal range in which a person's body temperature may vary and still be considered normal, Take a look at these normal ranges of body temperature: Oral t 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsit Rectal : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius Axillary 35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius The following are the different types of thermometers: Clinieal_thermometer may be inserted either into the rectum through the anus (rectal temperature) mouth under the tongue (otal or sub-lingual) axillary temperature). It is made of glass with a narrowing above the bulb so that the mercury column stays in Position even when the instrument is removed. The use of this type Is now being eradicated as the mercury content is dangerous to people. Digital thermometer may be inserted into the mouth under the tongue, under the armpit or into the anus. This thermometer displays the reading in the LCD. This type of thermometer does not use mercury which is hazardous to 2 humans. That is why more and more people are using it a now. Also, using this is simple, quick and effective. measures the heat coming from the eardrum. This release of heat is converted into a temperature and displayed on an LCD. It is very easy to use this, You just have to place the tip in the ear of a Person, press the button and in a few seconds, the measurement is seen on the LCD. ee CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 24Infrared_thermometer_with laser pointer measures. temperature using thermal radiation emitted by the body. ILis also called laser thermometer if a laser is utilized to y aid in aiming the thermometer. Others call it non-contact: thermometer because of iis abilily to measure temperature from a distance. It provides temperature reading without physically touching the object. All you have to do is aim at the object (as in the forehead), pull the trigger and immediately, you can too the temperature reacing onthe Using a Digital The (rectum through the anus) omet 1, Wash your hands and take the thermometer out of its holder, 2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water. . Put a probe cover aver the pointed end of the thermometer. If your thermometer did not come with a probe cover then you can use it without one. 4. Lubricate the end of the probe with a small amount of lubricating jelly. 5. Place your child (taking the temperature through the rectum is usually dane on children) on his stomach across a firm surface or your lap before taking his temperature. 6. Gently slide the probe of the thermometer into the rectum about a half inch. Stop Inserting the thermometer if it becomes difficult to insert. Never force the thermometer into the rectum. 7. Continue to hold the thermometer the entire time you are taking the temperature. Always stay with your client while taking the temperature. 8. Keep the thermometer in place unti it beeps then remove the thermometer 9. Read the numbers on the LCD. These numbers are your client's temperature. 11. Ifyou used a probe cover, remove it and throw it away. 12, Wash the probe of the thermometer with soap, water and rubbing alcohol when you are done, Put the thermometer's tip cover. Place the thermometer in its holder'container. 13, Record the re 14. Wash your hands. Using a Digital Thermometer (mouth} 1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder. 2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in coo! water. —_————————c—c—cm CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 253. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature orally. 4, Ask the client to wet hisiher lips and pick wp his tongue. 5. Place the thermometer under the client's tongue on one side of hisfher mouth. Ask him/her to close his/her lips. (You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your Glientis sick and weak enough to even hold the thermometer with his/her lips.) 6. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signais it is finished. When it beeps, it signifies that it can be removed. 7. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer's tip cover. Place the thermometer in its container. 8. Record the reading and wash your hands. Using a Digital Thermometer (armpit) 1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse it in cool water. 3. Inform the elient that you are gaing to take his temperature under the armpit. 4, Place the thermometer under the client's armpit. (You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is very sick and weak that he/she cannot even hold the thermometer with his/her armpit.) 5. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals itis finished. When the thermometer beeps, it means that it can be removed. 6. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Glean the tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer's tip cover. Place the thermometer in its container. 7. Record the reading and wash your hands. BP Apparatus ‘Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure. Blood pressure Is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The heart contracts as it pumps the blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is what we know as the systolic pressure. Now, as the heart relaxes between each contraction, the pressure decreases, When the heart is al its most relaxed state, the pressure is lowest. And we cal this diastolic pressure. The following steps will help you measure blood pressure accurately. _— CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 26MERCURY GAUGE ANEROID GAUGE BLADDER RELEASE VALUE (screw) 1. Wash your hands and prepare the equipment you will use, 2. Introduce yourself and let the patientciient know the procedure to be done. 3. Sanitize the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad. 4, Ask your client to rest quietly, Have him/her lie down or sit on a chair whichever is more comfortable for him/her. 5. If you are using a mercurial apparatus, the measuring scale should be within the level of your eyes, 6. Expose the arm of your client by rolling the sleeves up. Have elbow down to rest fully extended on the bed or the arm of a cl 7. Unroll the cuff, loosen the screw and squeeze the cuff with your hands to remove air completely. 8. Wrap the cuff around your client's arm above the elbow, not too tight or too loase. 9. Find your client's brachial pulse at the inside of the elbow. Hold the diaphragm there and inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears. Take note of the reading and immediately deflate the cuff, This is the client's approximate systolic reading and is called the palpated systolic pressure. 10. Place the stethoscope's earpieces into your ears and place the diaphragm an the brachial pulse, 11. Tum the screw to close it. Inflate the cuff ur palpated systolic pressure. Tum the serew to open it, Let the air escape slowly until the sound of the pulse comes back. Take note of the calibration that the pointer passes as you hear the first sound. This indicates the systolic pressure. 13, You have to continue releasing the air from the eulf, When yau hear the sounds change to something softer and faster and disappear, take note of the calibration. This is now the diastolic pressure 14, Deflate the cuff complete. Remove it from the arm of your client and record the reading on the client's chart. 15, Wipe the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad and place the equipment back to their proper place and wash your hands. uur client's arm from the the dial points to 30 mm above the 12, CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 27How Much Have You Learned? Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer. 1. When an adult client asks you about his/her vital signs, your best answer would be: A. “Lam only allowed to report them to my superior.” B. “Your temperature is 37 degrees orally; your blood pressure is 128/70, and your respirations are 24, 1s there anything more that you would like to know sir/ma'am?” G. “Oh, they are not that important. There is no need for yau to know about i.” D. “Even if | tell you sima'am, you wil nat understand them.” The fifth vital sign is A. blood pressure B. pain C. temperature D. respiration This appliance is useful especially at mealtime. A. blender 8. food processor C. microwave oven D. electric can opener This uses a magnet so that the lid will remain attached to it, A. blender B. coffee maker C. microwave oven D. electric can opener When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest, This is called the A. blood pressure. B. systolic pressure. C, heart pressure, D. diastolic pressure. Refer to the Answer Kay. What is your score? CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 28How Do You Apply What You Have Leamed? Show that you learned something by doing this activity Activity Sheet 2.1 Directions: Watch the following videos by following the links provided, Work with a pariner and answer the questions that follow. Video No. 1 1. Whats the video all about? 2. What are the three most important steps you have seen in the video? Explain your answer. 3. Do you think the caregiver handied her client well? Why do you think sa? Can you cite situations that would prove that the caregiver handled her client well? idea No, 4. What is the video all about? 2. What are the three most important steps you have seen in the video? Explain your answer. 3. What are the advantages of using the equipment shown in the video? Cite three (3) advantages. htto/www. youtube,.com/watch?v=S648xZDK7b0&feature=fusr Activity 2. Directions: You will be provided with five (5) equipment, tools or paraphematia. Prepare them for use by identifying and demonstrating the function of each. You must get 100% accuracy. Students with the score of 9 and below are required to perform again the activity. Complete the table below in a separate sheet of paper. Equipment, Functionality Task to be tool or Faneten ane Remarke undertaken | paraphernali ce paraneiaehal Functional | Defective a tobe used = For mixing, * Prepare apple and Blend au iv hes * Blender emulsifying . oRenniS. food and other substances + Steriize For destroying feeding + Sterilizer microorganism: . bottles $ in containers —_—————————————_————— CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 29ron shit» lronand and pantsof |" ironing |* Fer ressina the client board Take temperature reading ‘Open a canned good |* Elect fortheclient | SO Thermom For measuring eter temperature For opening a canned good How Well Did You Perform? Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake! SCORING ACCURACY (100%) CRITERIA identified and demonstrated the function of 5 equipment, tools, or 10 paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 4 equipment, tools, or 9 paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 3 equipment, tools, or 7 paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 2 equipment, tools, or ; 3 paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 1 equipment, tools, or paraphernalia Failed to identify and demonstrate the function of any of the given 4 equipment, tools, or paraphernalia ACCURACY (100%) Tugs Identified and demonstrated the function of 5 equipment, tools, or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 4 equipment, tools, or raphernatia Identified and demonstrated the function of 3 equipment, tools, or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 2 equipment, tools, or paraphernalia Identified and demonstrated the function of 1 equipment, tools, or raphernalia Failed to identify and demonstrate the function of any of the given equipment, tools, or paraphernalia — CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 30T & 0, Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck! REFERENCES Lot Elana D. Zucker, The Caregiver's Resourcebook 6” Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE. LTD. 2009. National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc. Public Health Nursing in the: Philippines 10” Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc. Online Resources: hitpy/Avww.ehow.com/how 7719401 clean-air-pot.him! hit: hvww.aptkitchen.com/kitchen-accessaries-articles/electrio-knife-cleaning.php http:/home. howstuffworks.com/how-to-repair-small-appliances6.him http:/howtoeasy. blogspot, com/2010/0 1/elean-your-microwave-oven-with-vinegar, htm! hitp:/inavyadministration toub, cor/14163/css/14163_78.him hitp:/hwww.goodhausek eeping.com/home/heloise/heloise-spring-cleaning-dishwasher- grime http:/fhousekeeping, about, com/od/aundry/hvironcleanina. htm http//blog.tydiasuniforms.com/blog/uniforms-and-scrubs-ganda/caring-for-your- stethoscope ovew.geratherm.com/wp-contenVuploads/201 1/03/user-manual-Geratherm= if hitp:/hvww_healthaidindia.com/digital-thermometers/maintenance-of-digital- thermometers. html http:/hwww_dableducational.oraipdis/spring07/Chapterd Measurement_of blood _pressur @ Parl2.pdf Jnoww. sooperarticies com/health-fitness-articles/medical-equipment-articles/medical- instruments-maintenance-how-clean-sphyamomanometer-269087.htm! http: hvww.adctoday com/images/PDF/IB/93-700 1-00.odf Jnwyew.thefreedictionary.com CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 31Lo2 Elana D. Zucker. The Caregivers Resourcebook 6" Edition Pearson Education South Asia PTE. LTD. 2009. National League of Philip e Government Nurses, Inc, Public Health Nursing in the Philippines 10” Edition National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc. Online Resources: hitto://www.ehow.comMhow 7719404 _clean-air-pat him! http://www. aptkitchen,com/kitchen-aecessories-articles/electric-knife-cleaning.php_ http://home.howstuffworks, com/how-to-repair-small-appliances6,him howtoeasy, blogspol.com/20 10/0'1/clean-yaur-microwave-oven-with-vinegar.htm| http://www, goodhousekeeping.com/home/heloise/heloise-spring-cleaning-dishwasher- grime http://housekeeping.about.com/ad/laundryihtironeleaning.htm hitp:/folog lydiasuniforms. log/uniforms~ aN ing-for-your- stethoscope http://www. geratherm.com/wp-contenVuploads/2011/03/user-manual-Geratherm- clinic.pdf hitp:/www.healthaidindia.conn/digital-thermometers/maintenance-of-digital- thermometers him! hito://www,dableducational.ora/ndfs/sprina07/Chapter_Measurement of blood_pressu fe_Part2. pdf http://www, soop erarticles, com/health-fitness-articles/medicalequipment: articles/medical-instruments-maintenance-how-clean-sphyamomanometer-269087 htm! hito:/www.adetoday. com/images/PDF/B/93-7001-00.pdt hitp://www.ehow,com/how 2063587_use-washing-machine.him| yanw.google.com hitp:/iwww.ehow.com/how 8162704 _use-clothes-iron.him| hitpv/en.wikipedia orgiwiki/infrared_ thermometer htto://www. digitalthermometers.net/digitalthermometers.aspx iwiki/infrare mometor http://www. youtube. com/watch ?v=S648xZDK7bO0&feature=fvsr http:/www.drugs.com/ca/taking-a-rectal-temperature.htm| Awww. chow, comits 247 toth hunt nt .ehow.comhow 7416851 _identify-parts-stethesco, sphyamomanometer.htmi hitp:/iproticomm.tripod.com/idd.him http://www. thefreedictionary.com = CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 32Perform Calculations LEARNING OUTCOME: At the end of this Lesson you are expected to: ‘LO 1. Perform simple calculations CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 33Definition of Terms Dosage — the measured quantity of a medicine Equation ~ a statement of equivalence in mathematical expressions Equivalent - the same in number, value or meaning Intravenous Injection —a means of administering medicine or feeding a patient through injection Substernal ~ situated below or behind the stemum or breastbone Vial —a small, closable vessel for fluids Suppository — small piece madicine designed to melt within a body opening other than the mouth, especially the rectum or vagina, a CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 4LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Perform simple calculations PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ‘Computations involving ratios, fractions, proportions and conversions are performed. ‘Oral drug dosages are computed. Rectal dosages are determined, Pediatric dosages are calculated. Materials LCD projector or OHP ‘Computer desktop or laptop: Suppasitory Vial ‘Syringe ‘Sample drug labels Measuring cup for syrups Dropper Hollow-handle spoon = CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 35What Do You Already Know Pretest LO 1 = |. Directions: True or False, Write an O if the statement is true, or write an X if the statement is false. 1 Oral drugs ean be in tablet, capsule, or suppository form. 2. Reading carefully the drug labels is very important in administering medicines tothe patients, 3) Medicines of the same brand name and generic name always has the same dosage strength. 4 The unknown value in calculation is usually represented by a"?", 5. The adult's average Body Surface Area (BSA) is 1.73 m?. Il, Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer by encircling the letter of your choice, 1. A patient who weighs 65 kg is scheduled ta receive 75 mg/ kg of her medicine. How much mg should the patient receive? a. 487.5mg b. 4875 mg c. 86.67 mg d. 75mg 2. Determine the weight of your patient in kilograms who weighs125 Ibs. a. 65.8 kg b. 68.5 kg ©, 58.6 kg d. 56.8 kg 3, How many milligrams of a medicine are in 3 tablets if 2 contain 10mg? a. 5mg b. 10mg ce. 15mg d. 20mg 4, Each nurse station at the hospital requires & nurses every shift schedule. are 3 shifts in one day, how many nurses are required to be at the hospi ifit has a total_of 48 nurse stations? a. 1,152 nurses b. 248 nurses ©, 1,248 nurses d. 384 nurses CAREGIVING Kto 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 365, 3,600 ml/ day is equal to a. 150 mi/ hr or 25m min b. 120 mi/ hr or 2.2 mi/ min c. 120 mi/hr or 2.0 mi/ min 100 mi /hr or 1.7 mt min Directions: Convert the following as indicated 6.75mi =____tsp 7 Sin =___em 8 440ibs=___kg 9 2500 = mi 40. 3hr =___min =F) >| What Do You Need To Know? Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1. Information Sheet 1.1 CALCULATIONS THAT COUNT A glance at numerical relationships Ratios, fractions, and proportions describe relationships between numbers. Ratio is a quick way to compare numbers. It uses.a colon between the numbers in relationship. Ex: 3:5 842 4:7 Fraction, as we all know, is a part of a whole or a portion of a certain number. It uses a slash between numbers in the relationship. Ex: 23 4/5 6/8 A proportion is an equation written in the form ©” 7 stating that two ratios are equivalent, For instance, to show that 3:6 is equal to 9:18, we would write: 48 or = = S18 or (28 = 416 6 or 5/8 = 10/16 —_——————————————————————————— CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 37Major problem solvers For dosages computation, we use ratios, fractions, and proportions most of the time. We will be using them in calculating I.V. infusion rates, administering medication, converting weights between systems of measurement, and in performing many other related tasks. RATIOS AND FRACTIONS Ratios and fractions are numerical ways to compare anything. We can't simply ignore them. We use them every day, whether we realize it or not. Bring it on! Do the comparison! If 1 pad has 20 tablets, then the number of pads compared to the number of tablets is 1 to 20. In ratio, itis written as: 1:20 In fraction, it is written as: 120 Want more? Just go on! If there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients in a hospital, what would be the ratio? What would be the fraction? In ratio, it is written as: 5:35 Infraction, itis written as: 6/35 or 1/7 MATH TIP! The terms of a ratio are the numerator (always to the left of the colon) and the denominator (always to the right of the colon) of a fraction. Like fractions, ratios should always be in lowest term. PROPORTIONS ‘A proportion is an equation of two ratios which can also be expressed as two fractions. Using ratios in proportions When using ratios in a proportion, a double colon serves as a separator. Double colon shows equality between the two ratios. In the example previously given, the ratio of pads with the tablets is 1:20, then 2 pads have 40 tablets. In proportion, itis writen as: 1 pad ; 20 tablets :: 2 pads : 40 tablets or 0 Go marathon using ratios in proportions! On the second example, there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients and the ratio is 5:35. We can therefore say that there are 10 nurses for 70 patients. In a proportion, we can express, the comparison as: 5 nurses : 35 patients 10 nurses :: 70 patients or 5:35: 10:70 a CAREGIVING Ko 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 38Using fractions in proportions A proportion that can be expressed using ratios can also be expressed using fractions. Let's refer to the examples given before. 1 pad has 20 tablets which means that 2 pads have 40 tablets. Using fractions, we can write the proportion as: pad _ 2 pads Wrablets tablets Or a2 2° a0 Enjoy using fractions in proportions. There are 5 nurses for every 35 patients which equals to 10 nurses for 70 patients. We can express this in fraction as: Snurses 10 nurses 35 patients — 70 patients or Math Tip: We use colon for ratios while we use forward stash or horizontal bar for fractions. Double colon (::} used for ratios also means equal (=) used for fractions. WHAT IS AN “X"? Finding the vaiue of X is very important in dosage calculations. X is the unknown amount or quantity we are going to compute so we can identify what is being asked for in an equation. Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Ratios in Proportion 1. Prapare the equation. 2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Note: The product of the means is equivalent to the product of the extremes. Means are the middle quantities while the extremes are the external quantities 3. Solve for the value of X. 4. Double check your wark by completing the equation, Example 1 How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients? Step 1, Prepare the equation. X : 15 patients =: 6 nurses : 30 patients CAREGIVING K to 12 = Technology and Livelihood Education 39Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a mul the left side and multiply the extremes (external items) u sign between both sides. ly the means. (middle) using ‘the right side. Put an equal 48 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to 15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients 90 = 30x 90 /30= x or X= 3 nurses Therefore, 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients. Step 4: Double check your work by complating the equation. 3 nurses : 15 patients :: 6 nurses : 30 patients Example 2: Find the value of X using the equation given below: 2500 mg : 10 tablets: X: 3 tablets To compute, 10 tablets x X = 2500 mg x 3 tablets 10 X= 7500 mg X= 7500/10 X= 750 mg Check and complete the equation 2500 mg : 10 tablets = 750 mg : 3 tablets Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Fractions in Proportion 1. Prepare the equation. 2. Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication. 3. Solve for the value of X. 4. Double check your work by completing the equation Example 4 How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients? Step 1. Prepare the equation x Grmurses 15 patients 30 patients a CAREGIVING K to 12~ Technology and Livelihood Education 40