Course Outline No. 3: III. Presses and Press Accessories

COURSE OUTLINE NO.
III. Presses and Press Accessories

In this section we will learn about the various

accessories employed in conjunction with
presses in order to make up complete press
lines.
3.1 PRESS TYPES
There are five basic types of presses in which dies

are operated. They are:
1. Gap-Frame Presses
2. Straight-Sided Presses
3. Four-Post Presses
4. Underdrive Presses
5. Super High Speed Presses
Each type, in turn, contains a number of sub-types

in a bewildering variety of sizes and shapes.
A. PRESS CONSTRUCTION
Presses are manufactured by two methods of

construction:
1. Cast construction
2. Welded construction
Smaller presses are usually cast. Large presses

may be cast or they may be made of welded steel.
B. PRESS POWER
There are four sources of power for operating

presses:
1. Manual- such presses are hand-operated or foot
operated
2. Mechanical- These presses are motor driven and
they may have a flywheel, single reduction gear,
or multiple reduction gear
3. Hydraulic- These may be oil-operated or water
operated.
4. Pneumatic- Such presses are operated by
compressed air.
C. PRESS SPEED
When cutting dies are operated, press

speeds range from 40 to 800 strokes per minute,
usually. Drawing and forming dies must be run
more slowly to allow time for the metal to flow.
Speeds range from 5 to 100 strokes per minute,
depending on part size and severity of the
operation performed.
PRESS TYPES
3.1.1 Gap-Frame Press
Are the most widely used type.

They produce many thousands of different
kinds of parts ranging from small instrument
components to large appliance and
automotive parts. Operations performed
include blanking, trimming, bending, forming
and drawing of cups and shells.
PRESS TYPES

Are built in capacities ranging from 1 to 315
tons pressure. They may be:
1. Inclinable
2. Non-inclinable
3. Single-action
4. Double-action
5. Back-geared
PRESS TYPES

A. Frame Assembly
B. Ram Assembly
C. Crankshaft
Assembly
D. Back Gear
Assembly (geared
presses)
E. Trip Assembly
F. Reclining
Mechanism
(inclinable presses).
PRESS TYPES
3.1.2 Straight-Sided Press
Like gap-frame presses, straight-sided

presses may be provided with a dial feed.
Workpieces are loaded at the front of the press
and they are carried by the dial to working
position under the ram. Straight-sided presses
can be very large machines the die carriers are
individually motor driven they are moved into
working position against positive stops before
clamping occurs.
PRESS TYPES
3.1.2 Straight-Sided Press
Straight-sided
presses may be
operated hydraulically.
This 1000 ton press can
be adjusted for rapid
traverse and correct
drawing speed. Each
hydraulic action is
provided with an
independent control
PRESS TYPES
3.1.3 Four-Post Press
Four-post presses are composed of a base

on which are mounted the posts or columns that
support the crown. Posts provide accessibility as
well as a large working area.
Four-post presses range from medium- size, high-

speed machines like the 25 ton press to very large
presses for forming and drawing the largest
stampings now being produced.
PRESS TYPES
3.1.3 Four-Post Press

This is a mechanical
four-post press
equipped with a roll
feed for running
strips through the
dies automatically.
Many four-post
presses operate
hydraulically .
PRESS TYPES
3.1.4 Underdrive Press

The driving mechanism is located under the
bolster plate instead of above the ram as in
conventional presses. The upper press member is
simply a platen reciprocated by posts that pull it
down and then raise it.
Some are in the 200 to 300 ton range and are

used for heavy duty mass production. One 300 ton
press, provided with eight driving posts, was
designed for progressive dies
up to 12;6 feet in length .
PRESS TYPES
3.1.4 Underdrive Press
The press illustrated

here is provided with
two posts for driving.
Larger under drive
presses are available.
PRESS TYPES
3.1.5 Super High Speed Press
Are presses that attain incredibly high

speeds because the strip is not stopped while
work is being performed on it by the die. Instead
the strip is run continuously and the punch and
die are reciprocated to cut blanks while the strip is
in motion.
PRESS TYPES
3.1.5 Super High Speed Press
One of these high-speed

presses is the Wean
"Flying Press" designed
to run at 600 strokes per
minute with a nine inch
length of feed. Stock is
moved through the press
at a rate of 5400 inches
per minute.
3.2 PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.1 DIE CUSHION
The first press accessory to be considered is

the pneumatic die cushion used to apply controlled
thrust from under the press. It is important that the
die designer understand its construction and
operation because many dies are provided with
knockouts that are operated by it.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.1 DIE CUSHION
The cushion is
composed of a large
cylinder, a plunger,
and four tie rods. Air
hoses connect it with
the compressed air
system of the plant.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.2 HITCH FEED
Is a device for feeding strips through a die

automatically. A hitch feed is fastened directly to
the die set and it becomes a part of the die
assembly.
In operation, a side cam fastened to the upper

punch holder contacts a roller mounted on the
slide of the hitch feed and it causes it to move to
the right
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.2 HITCH FEED

The hitch is a bent
metal tab held loosely
by a small cap screw
and backed up by a
small coil spring.
Underneath it is a
hardened plate on
which the strip rests.
When the ram goes
up, a heavy spring
moves both slides to
the left.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.3 DIE FEED

The die feed is also mounted to the die set
and it operates in a similar manner. Instead of
the "hitch“ principle, the strip is engaged by two
opposed rollers mounted on the movable slide
and by another set of opposed rollers mounted
on the stationary frame of the feed.
In operation, the double cam on the punch

holder contacts the slide causing it to move
toward the right, the rollers on the slide turning
freely.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.3 DIE FEED

The rollers on the frame
lock, preventing the strip
from backing up. When
the cam goes up, the
rollers on the slide lock
and they move the strip
towards the left, the
rollers on the frame now
turning freely.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.4 ROLL FEEDS
Another method of feeding strips through a

die automatically is by means of a roll feed
mounted on the bolster plate of the press and
operated by a driving disk fastened to the
crankshaft.
In operation, roll feed is operated by gears

instead of by a crank. Rack is operated by the
driving disk on the crank·shaft. As it moves
downward it turns pinion which turns drum
through a sleeve.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.4 ROLL FEEDS

The spring-loaded rolls
advance the strip a
preset amount, usually
to 0.010 inch past
register. Near the
bottom of the stroke,
an arm mounted on
the ram contacts the
roll feed to disengage
the rolls.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.5 ROLL FEED DRIVE
This shows the complete

drive for a single roll feed
with a strip shown being
advanced by the rolls in
both views to the end of
shaft and this drives
another helical gear at
one end of the lower roll.
PRESS ACCESSORIES
3.2.6 STOCK REELS
When strip is fed to a die

from a large coil, the coil is
mounted in a stock reel for
delivery to the press. A
motorized stock reel in
which a coil has been
clamped. The motor is
started and stopped by a
switch -arm control shown
at the front above the strip
3.3 COMPLETE AUTOMATED PRESS

To automate this press
completely, a motorized
stock reel and a feeding
and straightening machine
have been installed. After
the end of a new coil has
been started through the
press, all operations are
automatic until the end of
the coil has been reached.
THANK YOU

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COURSE OUTLINE NO.

III. Presses and Press Accessories

In this section we will learn about the various

3.1 PRESS TYPES

There are five basic types of presses in which dies

Each type, in turn, contains a number of sub-types

Presses are manufactured by two methods of

Smaller presses are usually cast. Large presses

There are four sources of power for operating

When cutting dies are operated, press

3.1.1 Gap-Frame Press

Are the most widely used type.

3.1.1 Gap-Frame Press

3.1.1 Gap-Frame Press

3.1.2 Straight-Sided Press

Like gap-frame presses, straight-sided

3.1.2 Straight-Sided Press

3.1.3 Four-Post Press

Four-post presses are composed of a base

Four-post presses range from medium- size, high-

3.1.3 Four-Post Press

3.1.4 Underdrive Press

Some are in the 200 to 300 ton range and are

3.1.4 Underdrive Press

The press illustrated

3.1.5 Super High Speed Press

Are presses that attain incredibly high

3.1.5 Super High Speed Press

One of these high-speed

3.2 PRESS ACCESSORIES

3.2.1 DIE CUSHION

The first press accessory to be considered is

3.2.1 DIE CUSHION

3.2.2 HITCH FEED

Is a device for feeding strips through a die

In operation, a side cam fastened to the upper

3.2.2 HITCH FEED

3.2.3 DIE FEED

In operation, the double cam on the punch

3.2.3 DIE FEED

3.2.4 ROLL FEEDS

Another method of feeding strips through a

In operation, roll feed is operated by gears

3.2.4 ROLL FEEDS

3.2.5 ROLL FEED DRIVE

This shows the complete

3.2.6 STOCK REELS

When strip is fed to a die

3.3 COMPLETE AUTOMATED PRESS

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