BIOL 100 – General Biology

Exam 1 – Fall 2008 -- Prof. Hardy

Instructions:
-Scantron answer bubbles should be completely filled in with a number 2 pencil.

-Start by filling in your complete last name and both first and middle name initials.

-Fill in your MU number in the Social Security number slot.

-Choose THE BEST answer.

-Please do not turn this page over until Prof. Hardy has instructed you to do so.

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Hardy, Exam 1, page 1 of 9

1. Which of the following is/are properties of life?
A) cellular organization
B) DNA
C) the ability to take in energy and molecules and use them (metabolism)
D) the ability to reproduce
E) All of the choices above are correct.

2. Generally speaking, there are just two types of cells on Earth, these are
A) prokaryotic and Archaic cells
B) prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
C) Plant and animal cells
D) big and small cells

3. Organisms belonging to the plant kingdom

A) are usually photosynthetic.
B) contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.
C) are all unicellular.
D) lack a nucleus.
E) are usually photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.

4. The nucleus of an atom typically contains

A) protons and neutrons.
B) protons and electrons.
C) only neutrons.
D) only protons.
E) only electrons.

5. When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and
the outermost shell contains __________ electrons.
A) 2 . . . 2
B) 2 . . . 8
C) 4 . . . 8
D) 8 . . . 2
E) 8 . . . 8

6. A(n) __________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

A) ion
B) element
C) covalent bond
D) ionic bond
E) hydrogen bond

7. __________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form
molecules, but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules.
A) Ionic bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds

Hardy, Exam 1, page 2 of 9

8. In salad dressings, oil quickly separates from vinegar (which is mostly water) because
oils
A) are hydrophobic.
B) are polar.
C) are lipids.
D) are both A and B.
E) are both A and C.

9. Small insects are able to walk on water because of the cohesion of neighboring water
molecules. This cohesion is caused by
A) Hydrogen bonding.
B) Ionic bonding.
C) Covalent bonding.

10. In the equation 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are __________ and the H2O
molecules are __________.
A) reactants . . . products
B) products . . . reactants
C) reactants . . . reactants
D) products . . . products

11. A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7. How many covalent bonds can nitrogen
typically form?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2

12. Organic compounds

A) always contain nitrogen.
B) are synthesized by only animal cells.
C) always contain carbon.
D) always contain oxygen.

13. The molecule below at right is a(n)

A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) amino acid

Hardy, Exam 1, page 3 of 9

14. Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers
and a few other rare ingredients via dehydration (or condensation) reactions. Which of
the following statements is/are true about dehydration reactions?
A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl (-OH)
group.
B) Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers.
C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.
D) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers.
E) All of the choices are correct.

15. The results of a dehydration (condensation) reaction can be reversed by

A) hydrolysis.
B) polymerization.
C) the addition of an amino group.

16. The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other
cells defines:
A) Dentral Dogma.
B) Organelle Theory.
C) Cell Theory.

17. The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
B) allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously.
C) is common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
D) all of the above
E) A and C

18. Lysosomes
A) help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) recycle materials within the cell.
C) fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.

19. The Fluid Mosaic Model of cellular membranes refers to

A) Individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer.
B) The membrane as a mosaic of molecules.
C) The membrane as a mosaic of function.
D) B and C.
E) A, B, and C.

20. Osmosis is
A) The net flow of water across a membrane from low to high water concentration.
B) The diffusion of any substance.
C) The diffusion of osmium-tetroxide.
D) The diffusion of water.

Hardy, Exam 1, page 4 of 9

21. Which type of transmembrane transport requires the expenditure of ATP?
A) Passive Transport.
B) Active Transport.
C) Osmosis.
D) Diffusion.

22. Most of a cell's enzymes are

A) RNA molecules.
B) proteins.
C) amino acids.
D) nucleic acids.
E) carbohydrates.

23. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,

A) it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
B) it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
C) None of the choices are correct.

24. Which one of the following is false?

A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
B) Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates.
C) Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.
D) Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze.
E) An enzyme binds to its substrate at the enzyme's active site.

25. A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice
bath to lower the child's temperature. Which explanation offers the most logical reason
for this action?
A) Elevated body temperature will cause the release of toxins in the blood.
B) Too high a body temperature may compromise the 3D structure of (even denature)
enzymes, thereby interfering with normal life-sustaining activities of cells.

26. Which of the following can affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
A) temperature
B) pH
C) competitive inhibitors
D) noncompetitive inhibitors
E) All of the choices are correct.

27. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

A) anything can pass into or out of a cell.
B) the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily
than others.
C) glucose cannot enter the cell.
D) plasma membranes must be very thick.

Hardy, Exam 1, page 5 of 9

28. Prokaryotes are classified into
a. Domain Monera and Domain Archaea.
b. Kingdom Bacteria and Kingdom Archaea.
c. Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea.
d. Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Monera.
e. Domain Bacteria and Domain Monera.

29. As discussed in class, the Gulf of Mexico is the site of a large “Dead Zone” caused by:
a. Over fishing
b. eutrophication (fertilizer and soil runoff) from mainland North America.
c. too much oxygen produced by too many aquatic plants.
d. Oil spills.

30. Rank the following levels of biological organization for animals, from largest to smallest:
a. populations, communities, tissue, organelles, cells
b. communities, populations, tissue, organs, organelles
c. communities, populations, organs, tissues, cells
d. populations, communities, organs, tissues, cells

31. Order the following taxonomic ranks from most inclusive (left most) to least inclusive
(right most)
a. genus, species, domain, kingdom, order, class
b. species, genus, family, order, class, kingdom, domain
c. species, genus, order, family, class, kingdom, domain
d. domain, kingdom, order, family, class, genus, species
e. domain, kingdom, class, order, family, genus, species

32. Of the three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which are thought to be the most
closely related two based on genetic evidence?
a. Bacteria and Archaea
b. Archaea and Eukarya
c. Bacteria and Eukarya

33. Which of the following domains include almost entirely unicellular organisms?
a. Bacteria and Archaea
b. Archaea and Eukarya
c. Bacteria and Eukarya

34. Which of the following domains include the large multicellular plant, animal, and fungal
kingdoms?
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya

35. What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

a. DNA / gene replication.
b. Polypeptide synthesis.
c. protein packaging and shipping.
Hardy, Exam 1, page 6 of 9
36. What is the role of the ribosome?
a. DNA / gene replication.
b. Polypeptide synthesis.
c. protein packaging and shipping.

37. Plants support themselves via

a. flaccidity, cell walls, and xylem tissue.
b. turgor, cell walls, and xylem tissue.
c. phloem, cell membranes, and xylem tissue
d. cell membranes and xylem tissue.

38. A plant cell that is “full” of water will be _________, whereas one that has lost a lot of
water will be ____________.
a. lysed, not lysed
b. lysed, flaccid
c. turgid, flaccid
d. flaccid, turgid

39. The four major classes of biological molecules include:

a. organics, inorganics, gaseous, non-gaseous
b. carbohydrates, saccharides, lipids, proteins
c. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids
d. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
e. none of the above.

40. The fundamental unit of macroscopic fungal structures is/are ....

a.) spores
b.) gametes
c.) the hypha
d.) the mycelium
e.) the zygote

41. An important component of the cytoskeleton are....

a.) microarrays
b.) microfibers
c.) microfilaments
d.) microcosms

42. The British scientist Robert Hooke first described cells and characterized all living things
at the time (and since) to be made of cells. This discovery was made in:
e.) 1500’s
f.) 1600’s
g.) 1700’s
h.) 1800’s
i.) 1900’s

Hardy, Exam 1, page 7 of 9

For the next three questions (43-45), refer to the diagram below:

A.

B.

C.

43. Which of the letters above (A, B, or C) point to the so-called gap-junctions that provide
for cytoplasmic connections between cells?
A.
B.
C.

44. Which of the following above (A, B, or C) seal off the lining of your digestive track from
your interior body cavities, thereby preventing leakage of intestinal acids into body
cavities?
A.
B.
C.

45. The cell-cell junctions that seal off the lining of your digestive track from your interior
body cavities, for example, are called....
A. Tight junctions
B. Anchoring junctions
C. Plasmodesmata

Hardy, Exam 1, page 8 of 9

46. If you rest in a bath tub of just water for a couple of hours, would your skin be expected
to absorb or lose cellular water content?
A. Lose B. Gain

47. Phospholipids are characterized by the following:

A. polar phosphate-containing headgroups and non-polar fatty-acid tails.
B. non-polar phosphate-containing headgroups and non-polar fatty-acid tails.
C. non-polar phosphate-containing headgroups and polar fatty-acid tails.
D. polar phosphate-containing headgroups and polar fatty-acid tails.

48. Which of the following molecules are not typically embedded between neighboring
phospholipids of cellular membranes?
A. Cholesterol
B. Transport proteins
C. Proteins
D. nucleic acids
E. glycoproteins

49. Which of the following is not considered a plant organ by plant scientists?
A. Leaf
B. Stem
C. Root
D. Shoot

50. Is the transmission electron micrograph below a plant or an animal cell?

A. Plant B. Animal

Hardy, Exam 1, page 9 of 9