Sheldon’s Advanced Language Lessons Answer Key Part 2

Lesson LXXX
The student will construct his/her own sentences. Answers will vary.

Lesson LXXXI
The noun “houses” is used twice in the first sentence. The noun “houses” is used only one time
in the second sentence. The word “few” is usually an adjective, it is used as an adjective in the
first sentence. In the second sentence the word “few” is taking the place of a noun making it an
adjective pronoun. “Few” takes the place of the noun “houses.”
In the third sentence “both” and “neither” are used as adjectives. In the fourth sentence
“neither” is used as a pronoun.
Mention the adjective pronouns in the following sentences, and state the noun which each
represents.
1. These, men
2. All, faces
3. Few, people (implied) chosen
4. Those, people (implied) who weep
5. Others, people (implied) that plant trees
6. Former, mountain
Latter squirrel
7. Thy, brother

Lesson LXXXII
Answers will vary. The student will plant beans and record his/her observations as
the beans sprout and grow.

Lesson LXXXIII
Note: the book considers “who” as masculine. For 20th century purposes I have
included “who” and similar words with an unknown sex as “neutral gender
unknown.”
1. He- a personal pronoun, third person, singular and nominative case. It is the subject of
the verb “met.”
I- personal pronoun, first person, neutral unknown gender, singular, and nominative
case. It is the subject of the verb “had leisure”.
Them-object pronoun, third person, neutral, plural and in the objective case. It is the
object of the verb “narrate.”
2. Me- Object pronoun, first person, neutral unknown gender, singular, and objective case.
It is the object of the verb “sweeter to.”
3. Thou- object pronoun, second person, unknown gender neutral, singular or plural,
objective case. It is the object of the verbs “continue,” “learned,” and “be assured of.”
4. He-- a personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, and nominative case. It is the
subject of the verb “met.”
5. He-- a personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, and nominative case. It is the
subject of the verb “met.”
Another’s- adjective pronoun, third person, possessive, gender unknown neutral
his-possessive pronoun, masculine, third person, singular. It is showing possession of the
noun "skill.”
6. Us-object pronoun, first person, plural, unknown gender neutral, objective case. It is the
object of the verb “walk.”
7. These-adjective pronoun, stands for the nouns of the things stated living in nature. It is
in the third person and plural, it is nominative, it is the subject of the verb “lived
Themselves-reflexive pronoun, third person, plural, gender unknown neutral
Its-possessive pronoun showing ownership to the “fruit”, third person, singular, gender
neutral
Their- possessive pronoun showing ownership of the “nests”, third person, plural,
gender neutral
Their-- possessive pronoun showing ownership of the “little ones”, third person, plural,
gender neutral
Their-- possessive pronoun showing ownership of the “families”, third person, plural,
gender neutral
Her –personal pronoun, third person, feminine gender, singular, it is in the objective
case as it is the object of the preposition “beside.”
Its- possessive pronoun showing ownership of “blossoms,” third person, singular,
gender neutral.
8. She- a personal pronoun, third person, singular, feminine and nominative case. It is the
subject of the verb “learned.”
Them--object pronoun, third person, neutral, plural and in the objective case. It is the
object of the verb “came.”
9. She- a personal pronoun, third person, singular, feminine and nominative case. It is the
subject of the verb “was restless.”
They-personal pronoun, third person, plural, feminine, and nominative case. It is the
subject of the verb “said.”
It-personal pronoun, third person, singular, gender neutral, and nominative case. It is
the subject of the verb “soothe.”
Her-personal pronoun, third person, feminine, singular, it is in the objective case. It is
the object of the verb “soothe.”
 Lesson LXXXIV

In the first sentence the noun “book” is modified by the adjective “interesting.”
In the second sentence has a clause which modifies the word book. The principal clause
in second sentence is “Harold bought a book.” The modifying clause is “that interested
him.” The third sentence is composed of two complete sentences adjoined by the
connector “and.”

State if each of the following sentences is simple, complex, or compound. In the case of
the complex and compound sentences point out the clauses. (In the case of a compound
sentence I have provided the connector the two equal clauses will be found on either
side of the connector).

1. Compound, and
2. Complex-
Main clause: How can we expect a harvest of thought
3. Complex-
Main clause: The toll gatherer lived with his family in a house on the bridge
4. Compound, and
5. Simple
6.
Lesson LXXXV
The student will give a record of his/her plant growth observations.

Lesson LXXXVI
Explain the comma in the following sentences:
1. Series of phrases
2. Series of phrases
3. A parenthetical word separated from the rest of the sentence
4. Clauses out of natural order
5. Clauses out of natural order
6. Series of phrases
7. Series of phrases
8. Clauses out of natural order/series of phrases
9. A parenthetical phrase separated from the rest of the sentence
10. A parenthetical phrase separated from the rest of the sentence
11. A parenthetical phrase separated from the rest of the sentence/series of phrases
12. Series of words/phrase
 Lesson LXXXVII

1. Answers may vary. A proper noun is a specific name of a person, place or thing (Rome) a
common noun is a person, place or thing which is not particular to its group (city)
2. Answers may vary, examples are:
Collective- household, elders
Abstract-kindness, satisfaction
Verbal-fluttering, protests, intrusion, threats
3. Loaves/knives-to form a plural of a noun ending in “f” change the ending to “ves.” Mice
is an irregular plural. Cities-to form a plural noun ending in a consonant followed by “y”
change the ending to “ies.” Teeth is an irregular plural.
4. Boxes, pencils, pianos, gulfs, oxen, poppies, journeys
5. Countess-feminine, tiger-neutral, tree-neutral, founder-unknown/neutral, island-neutral
6. Previously highlighted/omitted lesson
7. The three cases are nominative (performing the action), possessive (showing
ownership), and objective (receiving the action). Examples are:
“He” ate “his” parsley (he/nominative) (his/possessive). “I” gave “you” parsley
(I/nominative) (you/objective)

8. “My” is a possessive adjective used before a noun to show possession. I brought “my”
violin. “Mine” is a possessive pronoun used in place of a noun to show possession. I
brought “mine.”
9. No. Especially we need to be careful with “its.”
“Its” is a possessive pronoun (example-. The tiger licked “its” paws). If we put an
apostrophe we change the meaning of the sentence and make a contraction (it’s=it is).
(example- It’s going to snow today).
10. They are used in place of nouns to show possession
11. A compound personal pronoun is formed by adding the suffix “self” (singular) or
“selves” (plural) to personal pronouns. Example-myself, herself, etc.
12. Who as a relative: This is the man who robbed the bank.
Who as an interrogative: Who robbed the bank.
Which as a relative: My brand new watch, which was on the table, fell and broke.
Which as an interrogative: Which is cleaner, the blue or the red shirt?

LESSON LXXXVIII

“An” and “English” modify “poet.” “Dim” and “religious” modify “light.” “Painted”
represents “glass.” “Richly,” “this,” and “descriptive” modify “phrase.”
Mention the adjectives in the following sentences. State to what class each belongs,
and what word it modifies.

1. Quiet, quaint, ancient modify town-all are descriptive adjectives

The is a definite article used as a limiting adjective to modify hills
Green is a descriptive adjective used to modify hills
Alsatian is a proper noun used as a descriptive adjective to modify hills
2. Inspiring modifies odors-it is a participle adjective
The modifies odors- it is a definite article used as a limiting adjective
The modifies turf-it is a definite article used as a limiting adjective
The modifies flower-it is a definite article used as a limiting adjective
Upland modifies turf-it is a descriptive adjective
Rock-hung is a compound adjective modifying flower
Hoary and solemn are descriptive adjectives modifying pine
3. Bluster is a participle adjective modifying wind and chill
Watery is a participle adjectives modifying clouds
Blazing is participle adjective modifying sun
The is a definite article used as a limiting adjective, it modifies wind, chill, and
sun
4. The modifies strange-it is a definite article used as a limiting adjective
Strange and green are descriptive adjectives-they modify bird
A modifies bird-it is an indefinite article used as a limiting adjective
An modifies Indian- it is an indefinite article used as a limiting adjective
Indian modifies ship-it is a proper noun used as a descriptive adjective
5. A modifies distance- it is an indefinite article used as a limiting adjective
The modifies Hudson- it is an indefinite article used as a limiting adjective
Lordly modifies Hudson- it is a descriptive adjective
Silent modifies course-it is a descriptive adjective
Majestic modifies course- it is a descriptive adjective
The modifies reflection-it is a definite article used as a limiting adjective
Purple is a descriptive adjective, it modifies cloud
Lagging is a participle adjective, it modifies bark
Glassy is a participle adjective, it modifies bosom
Blue is a descriptive adjective, it modifies grasslands
The modifies highlands-it is a proper noun used as a limiting adjective
6. Little, quiet, and village are descriptive adjectives modifying child
Meek-faced is a compound adjective modifying child
Low, sweet, and Sabbath are descriptive adjectives modifying song
Cottage is a descriptive adjective modifying door
7. Earnest is a descriptive adjective modifying voice
Testy and little are descriptive adjectives modifying dogmatist
 Pretty is a descriptive adjective modifying Katydid
8. The is a definite article used as a limiting adjective to modify covenant
Gleaming is descriptive adjective modifying wall
Pine is a descriptive adjective, it modifies grove
Old is a descriptive adjective, it modifies cathedrals
The is a definite article used as a limiting adjective to modify Rhine
Tall is a descriptive adjective used to modify cathedrals
9. Golden is a descriptive adjective used to modify plumes
A is an indefinite article used as a limiting adjective to modify hour, deed, and
child
Shining is a descriptive adjective used to modify hour need
Generous is a descriptive adjective used to modify sacrifice
10. The is a definite article used as a limiting adjective to modify riches,
commonwealth and hand
Free and strong are descriptive adjectives used to modify minds

LESSON LXXXIX
The adjective “funny” means amusing. The adjective “queer” means unusual. “Odd” means to
differ from the ordinary.
Separate the following words into groups according to their meaning:
Answers may vary:
1. Queer, odd, funny
2. Bright, superb, good, elegant, majestic, exquisite, grand, handsome, beautiful, excellent,
lovely, pretty, splendid, delicious, delightful, pleasant, magnificent
3. Awful, horrid
The word “grand” or “magnificent” could be applied to large objects. The words from list 2 can
apply to things pleasing to the senses. List 3 applies to unpleasant objects. Beautiful, lovely, and
pretty could be applied to flowers or pictures. Delicious could be applied to fruit. Elegant can be
applied to clothes. Magnificent or majestic can be applied to buildings or mountains. A building
could also be horrid or awful if it is not well cared for. Music could also be lovely, pretty,
pleasant or awful or horrid. Fear may be expressed by something horrid. Love with many of the
adjectives in list 2. Reverence may be expressed with magnificent or majestic. Habits may be
odd. Character may be expressed with pleasant or queer.
The student will write independent sentences.

Complete the following sentences by inserting for the blanks appropriate words:
Answers will vary (Independent answers are provided as well as use with words from the list):
1. Boisterous
2. Odd
3. Scorching
 4. Terrible
5. Beautiful
6. Scary
7. Delicious
8. Hardback
9. Humongous
10. Frivolous
11. Friendly
12. Dedicated
13. Lovely
14. Grandiose
15. Magnificent
16. Sturdy
17. Stunning
18. Majestic
19. Exquisite
20. Resplendent
21. Impressive
22. Striking
23. Queer
24. Homely
25. Systematized

Lesson XC
The acorn slept in a mossy bed, it sipped the dew. It sent its threadlike root down into earth. A
tiny shoot sprung up into the air. Leaves appeared day after day. The branches spread far and
wide. The coral islands are built as an insect rain builds up a little cell. The boy learned that he
can get a lot accomplished working a little each day and doing it well. We can learn wisdom
from those long ago. A studious boy will grow into a wise man and the world will be better.
The student will write a composition. Answers will vary.

Lesson XCI
The letters “er” are added to large when referring to James’ bass. This is used when comparing
two things. The letters “est” are added to large when referring to Harry’s bass, this is used
when comparting more than two things. Equally in the second sentence “er” is added to short
when comparting two ways and “est” is added to short when referring to three ways.
Write sentences, using the following adjectives in the comparative or superlative degree (also
known as form). Form the comparative or superlative by annexing “er”or “est”.
The student will formulate independent sentences, answers will vary. The adjective in the
correct form is given:
Kinder/kindest higher/highest brighter/brightest
Fairer/fairest narrower/narrowest stronger/strongest
Happier/happiest longer/longest gentler/gentlest
Braver/bravest purer/purest stranger/strangest
Nobler/noblest slighter/slightest colder/coldest
The student now will formulate independent sentences using the words of greater syllables
using “more” or “most”. Answers will vary. The adjective in the correct form is given. For two
syllable adjectives with various syllables if the word ends with “y” then is should be changed as
“I” and then “er” is added for comparative form and “est” is added for superlative form. Also in
some cases the “er”/”est” form may be used as well as the more/most, such as the case with
“pleasant” below.
More/most patient more/most peaceful more/most fragrant
More/most curious more/most blithesome more/most gracious
More/most beautiful more/most gorgeous more/most graceful
More/most fantastic more/most drowsy more/most pleasant or
pleasanter, pleasantest (less common)
More/most steadfast more/most solemn more/most stately
The student will memorize the irregular superlative and comparative forms.
Point out the adjectives in the following sentences. Give the degree of comparison. Tell what
each modifies.
1. Youngest, superlative, he of the men
2. Greater, comparative, debts and sins vs what we think
3. Lightest, superlative, heart
Heaviest, superlative, heart
Most playful, superlative, heart
4. Pleasantest, superlative, part
5. Greatest, superlative, he
6. Poorer, comparative, they who losing have forgotten
Most poor (note: poorest is also an acceptable form), superlative, they
7. Stronger, comparative, the word “home”
Strongest, superlative, conjuration
8. Stronger, comparative, our love
Older, comparative, us vs the people older than us
Wiser, comparative, other people vs us
9. Sincerest, superlative, laughter
Sweetest, superlative, song
Saddest, superlative, thought
10. Purer, comparative, streams
Sweeter, comparative, flowers
Holier, comparative, mountains
Lesson XCII

The student will compare the objects using correct comparative adjective. Answers will
vary.

Lesson XCIII

The student will study and memorize the descriptions. Answers will vary.

Lesson XCIV

The trees “along the road” have been trimmed. The noun “trees” is limited by the
phrase “along the road.” The noun “fence” is limited by the phrase “across the
pasture.” A field “of clover” is mentioned. The phrase “of bees” qualifies “swarm.”

Point out the prepositional adjective phrases in the following sentences, and mention
the nouns which they limit

1. In the orchard, apples

Of the reaper, work
In the light of, sun
2. Of the world, great warriors
3. With dropping rain, cold
Of returning birds, the whistle
Of the herds, lowing
4. Of the mind, sanity
Of the body, health
Of the city, peace
Of the state, security
5. Against other people’s ill manners, security
6. Of innocence of life, reward
7. Of poem and legend, creatures
In the first, beam of the sun
8. Of kine, breath
Of a kingdom, child

Rewrite the following sentences, changing each adjective into an equivalent

adjective phrase:

1. It was an evening in the summer

 2. Their fairy hands knell was rung.
3. He climbed the wooden stairs by the tower.
4. The seemingly lifeless boy…
5. The world still wants men of a light heart.
6. They gazed upon the sky speechless.
7. The hurricane of the north swept across the prairie.
8. Build up lives of a heroic manner.
9. The trees of which were made of oak, bent before the wind’s fury.
10. Blessings of the heavenly kind fall upon thy head.

Lesson XCV
Parse the adjectives from LXXXVI
1. More fair, comparative adjective, form
More sweet, comparative adjective, face
2. That, demonstrative adjective, plain
Rosy, descriptive adjective, youth
Their, possessive adjective, father’s flocks
3. Few, quantifying adjective, shrubs
Torn, descriptive adjective, shrubs
Modest, descriptive, mansion
The, definite article, place/village
4. The, definite article, insects/spider
Solitary, descriptive adjective, insects
Most sagacious, superlative adjective, spider
5. The ablest, superlative, commander
The, definite article, Revolutionary army.
6. The, definite article, secret
In strength, in politics, in trade, prepositional adjective phrase, qualifying the secret
7. Dead, descriptive adjective, silence
The, definite article, bellow, thunder, roar, wind, rush, waters, moaning, beasts, birds
8. Any, quantifying adjective, power
Extraordinary, descriptive adjective, power
Of performance, prepositional adjective phrase, power
Great/national, descriptive adjective, movements
The, definite article, soul
Human, descriptive adjective, soul
9. Natural, descriptive adjective, history
Profound, descriptive adjective, hold
Practical, descriptive adjective, life
Our, possessive adjective, feelings
 Finer, descriptive adjective, feelings
10. The, definite article, great, indifference
Of circumstances, prepositional adjective phrase, indifference
11. Modern, descriptive adjective, times
Their, possessive adjective, progress
Boasted, descriptive adjective, progress
Strong, descriptive adjective, man/Samson
Meek, descriptive adjective, man/Moses
Wise, descriptive adjective, man/Solomon
12. All, quantifying adjective, wealth/honor
The, definite article, attachment
Noble, descriptive adjective, souls

Parse the adjectives from XCIV

1. In the orchard, apples, prepositional adjective phrase

Ripe, apples, descriptive adjective
Of the reaper, work, prepositional adjective phrase
Golden, woodlands, descriptive adjective
In the light of, sun, prepositional adjective phrase
Dying, sun, descriptive adjective
The, apples, orchard, work, woodlands, sun, definite article,

2. Of the world, warriors, prepositional adjective phrase

Great, warriors, descriptive adjective
The, world/warriors, definite article

3. With dropping rain, cold, prepositional adjective phrase

Returning, birds, verbal adjective
Of returning birds, the whistle, prepositional adjective phrase
The, whistle/herds, definite article
Of the herds, lowing, prepositional adjective phrase

4. Of the mind, sanity, prepositional adjective phrase

The, mind/sanity/health/city/security/state, definite article
Of the body, health, prepositional adjective phrase
Of the city, peace, prepositional adjective phrase
Of the state, security, prepositional adjective phrase
 5. Against other people’s ill manners, security, prepositional adjective phrase
Good, breeding, descriptive adjective,
Best, security, descriptive adjective
Ill, manners, descriptive adjective
The, security, definite article

6. Of innocence of life, reward, prepositional adjective phrase

The, reward, definite article

7. Of poem and legend, creatures, prepositional adjective phrase

In the first, beam of the sun, prepositional adjective phrase
The, creatures/season/beam/sun, definite article
Bright, creatures, descriptive adjective
First, beam, ordinal adjective

8. Of kine, breath, prepositional adjective phrase

Of a kingdom, child, prepositional adjective phrase
The, hay/air/child/manger/definite article
Scented, hay, descriptive adjective
Sweet, air, descriptive adjective
One, day, ordinal adjective

LESSON XCVI
The student will keep a diary and a journal as indicated. Answers will vary.

LESSON XCVII
The student will study the words until he/she has gained understanding of their meaning.

LESSON XCVIII

Point out the adverbs that are used in the above sentences to ask questions.

When, why, how

The clause “as they rocked in the wooden shoe” modifies the previous clause “The old moon
laughed and sang a song.” The clauses are combined using the conjunction “as.’ The two lines
make a complex sentence.
The verb “rock” is modified by the phrase” in the wooden shoe. The verb sing is also modified
by this phrase. The word “as” introduces the dependent clause. It forms a complex sentence.

The word “never” alters the meaning of the sentence making it negative.
The word “not” alters the meaning of the sentence making it negative. If you omit these words,
the entire meaning of the sentence changes making it positive.

Mention all to the adverbs in the following sentences, and tell to which class each belongs, and
why:

1. Brightly, glow, simple adverb

2. Upon the hill, spot, phrase adverb
where, could be found, conjunctive adverb
where, pickerel lay, conjunctive adverb
that, weighed a pound, conjunctive adverb
3. When, the moon shone, conjunctive adverb
Not, see the candle, modal
4. Tenderly/gently, knew, simple adverbs
5. Swiftly, flew, simple adverb
Softly, sailed, simple adverb
Sweetly, blew, simple adverb
On me alone, blew, phrase adverb
6. From her mountain height, freedom, phrase adverb
Unfurled, to the air, conjunctive adjective
Of night, tore, phrase adverb
7. One of three, stoppeth, phrase adverb
By the, now wherefore stopp’st-phrase adverb

The student will write sentences independently. Answers will vary.

Lesson XCIX

The student will make sentences using each of the adverbs. Answers will vary.

Point out and classify the adverbs in Lesson LXIV. Tell what words they modify, in each case
naming the part of speech.

Came, soft and warm, conjunctive adjective

Glistening, with dew, conjunctive adjective
Thrown, open the window, conjunctive adjective
Looking, toward the sun rising, conjunctive adjective
Green, growing, simple adjective, conjunctive adjective
Take place, middle of June, conjunctive adjective

LESSON C

The student will compose a composition,

LESSON CI

The student will write sentences. Correct adjective forms are given:

Suddenly visibly comically

Noblest joyously sympathetically
Courageously angrily terribly
Frantically contemptibly happily
stammering prophetic energetic

Tell whether the Italicized words in the following sentences are used as adjectives or adverbs
and why:

1. Adjective, riser is a person (noun)

2. Adverb, arrived is a verb
3. Adverb, toward is an action word
4. Adjective, house is a thing (noun)
5. Adverb, fast is a verb
6. Adjective train is a thing (noun)
7. Adjective, idler is a noun
8. Adverb, entertained is a verb
9. Adjective, boy is a person (noun)
10. Adverb, study is a verb
11. Adjective, you is a person (noun)
12. Adjectives, life and pleasure are nouns
13. Adverbs, labors and rests are verbs
14. Adverb, describing a period of time
15. Adjective, describing the way as a thing
LESSON CII
The student will write sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives. Answers will
vary.

LESSON CIII
The starlight lurks behind the cloud. The verb” lurks” is modified by the phrase “behind the
cloud.” “Through showers” is an adverbial phrase. The verb “breaking” is modified by the
phrase “on the shore.” “From the chime” modifies the verb “fading.”

Mention the adverbial phrases in the following sentences, and tell what each
modifies:

1. Under the moon, under the stars, of the skaters, on the frozen sea modify
ring
2. In blue and purple modifies clothes
Their bold outlines modifies print
3. On one side modifies extends
Along which, among broken rocks and trunks of fallen trees modify raves
4. Of the sunset modifies glory
On the land and water, on the steep hills and on the cape, buff, and bay
modify lay
5. Above the pines modifies drifting
Far beyond and their minarets of snow modify uplifting
6. With exquisite taste, simplicity and pathos modify narrated
Which only a master hand could impart and of reality modifies appearance

ADVERBS CHANGED TO PHRASES

Rewrite the following sentences, changing the adverts to equivalent adverbial phrases:
1. Without fear
2. In a gentle manner
3. With firmness and honesty
4. With great sadness
5. With great speed
6. In a violent manner
7. With a sense of vanity
8. In complete silence
9. In a rushed manner
 10. With a loud voice

LESSON CIV

Parse the adverbs in Lesson XCIII

EXTREMELY COMPLICATED LESSON, PLEASE SKIP

LESSON CV P 41
Justify the use of the comma in the following sentences:
1. Words or phrases contrasted
2. Words or phrases in apposition
3. Words or phrases contrasted
4. Words or phrases in apposition
5. Expression denoting persons or things addressed
6. Words or phrases contrasted
7. Expressions denoting persons or things addressed
8. Words or phrases in apposition
9. Words or phrases in apposition
10. Words or phrases in apposition
11. Words or phrases in apposition
12. Words or phrases contrasted

LESSON CVI
First stanza: The two persons represented as speaking are the noble Roman and the coward
croaker. The noble Roman says, “On, on. I’ll find a way or make it.”
Second stanza: The path of to the Temple of Fame is described as “steep and high.” The man
who gazes and sighs will not reach it. The throne of fame is waiting the man with the Roman
will who will find a way or make it.
Third stanza: There is no royal road to learning. The poor and rich alike must climb to her
abode. By “I’ll find a way or make it” I understand that if he a way to fame is not easily found
he will do whatever necessary to make a road to fame on his own.”
Tell in your own words the story of the noble Roman and apply his motto to the efforts of:
Answers will vary, examples are given
1. Boys who wish to become men of action must have ambition and climb the path which
is steep and high
2. Boys who wish to become men of thought must also have ambition and thirst for
knowledge

LESSON CVII
1. An adjective modifies or describes noun
 2. Adjectives are classified as descriptive (proper or partial) and limiting (numeral, article,
distributive, demonstrative.
3. The adjectives in “I’ll find a way or I’ll make it” are as follows:
Noble: descriptive, Roman Imperial: descriptive, day
Coward: descriptive, croaker steep/high: descriptive, path
the: demonstrative, hero/will Roman: descriptive(proper) will
shining: descriptive, throne royal: descriptive, road
a: demonstrative: Roman, fortress, way
4. He seems unhappy today.
5. An adverb modifies or describes a verb. Adverbs are classified as simple, interrogative,
conjunctive, or modal. Adjectives can also be classified as adjectives or manner and
time. Adverbs are comparted whether positive, comparative or superlative. Many
adverbs cannot be comparted.
6. Simple: He ran quickly.
Interrogative: Why does she always drive this way?
Conjunctive: The book is hidden under the chair.
Modal: I surely did not think she was going to say that.
7. Verb: She spoke softly.
Adverb: The store was extremely busy.
Adjective: The church was extremely quiet.
8. When: adverb, interrogative, meet
Slowly: adverb, simple, winds
Truly: adverb or manner, move
Where: adverb, interrogative, falling
Cold: adverb: simple, looks
Blue: adjective, descriptive, sky
Seven: adjective, limiting/numeral, wonders
While: adverb of time, gazing
Swifter: adjective, limiting, demonstrative, haste
Down: adverb, simple, stream
Till: adverbial clause of time
While: adverbial clause of time
Readily: adverb, simple, hold
Most useful: most is an adjective modifying the adjective useful which is modifying
books.

LESSON CVIII

Mention the verbs, participles and infinitives in the following sentences:

 1. Had learned: participle
To speak: infinitive
To ride: infinitive
To shoot: Infinitive
To do: infinitive
2. To think: infinitive
To speak: infinitive
3. Struggled: participle
Lamenting: participle
Resisting: participle
4. Plodding: participle
Sitting: participle
5. To hang: infinitive
To pervade: infinitive
6. Startled: participle
Broken: participle
Spoken: participle
7. Bearing: participle
Smiling: participle
8. Shook: participle
Riven: participle
Rushed: participle
Driven: participle
Flashed: participle
9. Brining: participle
Smiling: participle
10. Riding: participle
Revolving: participle
Passing: participle

LESSON CIX
Snow protects “plants”. It would be confusing to say snow protects without stating what it
protects. Washington defended “our country.” It is necessary to state what Washington
defends. The boys see “the mountains.” It is also necessary to state the object of the verb (the
mountains) in this sentence. In these sentences the words “plants,” “country,” and
“mountains” are all objects of the verbs.
It is asserted that the horses “run.” It is asserted that rain “fell.” It is asserted that the train “will
stop.” These verbs do not require objects in order to complete their meaning.
In the seventh sentence the word “big” explains the subject. In the eighth sentence “sad” limits
the subject. In the ninth sentence the word “smooth” limits the subject.
Tell of each verb in the following sentence whether it is transitive or intransitive:
1.lived-transitive
2. was- incomplete transitive
3. cooleth-transitive
4. is-incomplete transitive
5.destroys/invigorates-transitive
6.loves-transitive
7. loves-transitive
8. play-intransitive/toss-transitive
9. heard-transitive/sang-intransitive
10. action-intransitive/scorning-intransitive
11. actions-intransitive/smell-intransitive/blossoms-intransitive
12. bound-transitive/brings-transitive
13. fill’st-transitive/prepare-transitive/ask-transitive/teach-transitive
14. am/is-incomplete transitive/

LESSON CX
State whether the verbs in the following sentences are in the indicative, potential, subjunctive,
or imperative mode, and why.

1.blooms/fades-indicative
2. If you do this…subjunctive/it may possibly repair- potential/occasioned-indicative
3. Live-indicative/shall be-subjunctive
4. Had there been-subjunctive/gazing-indicative/would perhaps make him-potential
5. Ever should I wish-potential/might steal-potential/dream-indicative/know-indicative
6. Part-imperative/break-imperative
7. may bide-potential/ shall come-imperative
8. are-imperative/look-imperative
9. revisit-imperative/ if he met-potential/ to demand-imperative
10. can look-subjunctive/feel-imperative/ been corrupted-imperative

In the foregoing sentences, state whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive. Tell the objects
of the transitive verbs and the attributes of the intransitive verbs.

1.blooms, transitive, night-blooming cereus

2. do-incomplete intransitive, this
3.repair, transitive, mischief/has, incomplete transitive, occasioned
4. been, incomplete transitive, child/gazing, transitive, prospect/made, transitive, sad
5. wish, transitive, retreat/ steal, intransitive/dream, intransitive/know, transitive, none of the
more promising.
6. part, transitive, lips/ break, transitive, silence
7. bide, transitive, guest/come, transitive, joy
8. are, intransitive/look, intransitive
9. revisit, transitive, the scene/met, transitive, any of the party, demand, transitive, dog and
gun
10. look, incomplete transitive, rose/ feel, transitive, pleasure

LESSON CXI

Tell the tense of each verb in the following sentences:

1. Shall have been - Future perfect

2. Had- past/ will fit-future
3. Will have left – future perfect
4. Had parted- past perfect/ Were barred- past
5. Breathes- present/ said- past/ is-present
6. Was- past
7. Built- past
8. Hear-present/ shalt build- future perfect/name-present
9. Clanging- present (progressive)/ came and went-past/ rang-past/ sang-past

Tell the tense of each of the verbs in exercise, Lesson CX

1. Blooms-present/ fades-present
2. Do-present, may possibly repair-future(potential)/ has occasioned-past perfect
3. Live-present/be-present
4. Had there been- past perfect/ gazing-present (progressive)/have made him sad-past
perfect
5. If I ever should wish-future perfect/steal-present/ dream-present/
know-present/promising-present-progressive
6. Part-present/break-present
7. Bide-present/shall come-future
8. Are-present/ look-present
9. All of the verbs in this sentence are presented as if they were in the present tense in a
conditional format to express a future event.
10. Look-present/feel-present/has been corrupted- past perfect

LESSON CXII

The student will construct sentences to illustrate the given words. Answers will vary.
LESSON CXIII

Justify the use of the comma in the following sentences:

1. Where a word is understood

2. After the subject it modifies
3. After the subject it modifies
4. Where a word is understood
5. Where a word is understood
6. After the subject it modifies
7. Quotation
8. Quotation
9. Quotation
10. After the subject it modifies

LESSON CXIV

The student will write a composition using the ideas he/she has gathered concerning some
animal. The student will then rewrite his/her account after comparing it to that of the young
naturalist. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXV

Form the past tense and past participle of the following regular verbs.

Smiled/smiled talked/talked referred/referred

Bestowed/bestowed implied/implied charged/charged
Reformed/reformed gathered/gathered authorized/authorized
Transacted/transacted respected/respected prospered/prospered

The student will learn the past tense and past participle of the verbs listed.

LESSON CXVI

The verb “learned” signifies past time. “Will teach” refer to future time. “Learned” means to be
given instructions. “Teach” means to give instructions.
Complete to following sentences:

1. Teaches
2. Learned
3. Learned
4. Learning
5. Taught
6. Was taught
7. Learned
8. Have learned

The student will construct sentences using the words given. Answers will vary.

Explain the meaning of the verbs “teach” and “learn” in each of the following quotations:

1. Learn- acquire knowledge

2. Learn-acquire knowledge
3. Teach-share knowledge

LESSON CXVII

The student will describe the appearance of the cat and write a story. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXVIII

Walk is a regular verb. It is conjugated in the past by adding “ed.” The past tense and past
participle is “walked.”

Give is an irregular verb. It is conjugated in the past as “gave.” It is conjugated in the past
participle as “given.”

The tense of “walk” and “give” in the first line is present simple.

The past tense of “walk” is “walked.” The past tense of “give” is “gave.”

The verbs in the third line are in future tense. It is formed by adding “will” to the regular
present tense of the verb. The auxiliary “will” is used.

The verbs in line four are in the present perfect. The verbs are in the past participle with the use
of the auxiliary “have” in the present tense.
The verbs in line five are in the past perfect. The verbs are in the past participle with the use of
the auxiliary “have” in the past tense.

The verbs in line six are in the future perfect tense. The verbs are in the past participle with the
use of the auxiliary verbs “shall have” or “will have.”

The student will write sentences using the verbs in all of the tenses of the potential mode,
correct verb conjugations are given below:

1. Go/goes
2. Went
3. Will go
4. Have/has gone
5. Had gone
6. Shall have/will have gone

1. Play/plays
2. Played
3. Will play
4. Have/has played
5. Had played
6. Shall have/ will have played

1 possess/possesses
2 possessed
3 will possess
4 have/has possessed
5 had possessed
6 shall have/ will have possessed

1. laugh/laughs
2. laughed
3. will laugh
4. have/has laughed
5. had laughed
6. shall have/will have laughed

1. try/tries
2. tried
3. will try
 4. have/has tried
5. had tried
6. shall have/will have tried

1. continue/continues
2. continued
3. will continue
4. have/has continued
5. had continued
6. shall have/will have continued

1. run/runs
2. ran
3. will run
4. have/had run
5. had run
6. shall have/will have run

1. destroy/destroys
2. destroyed
3. will destroy
4. have/had destroyed
5. had destroyed
6. shall have/will have destroyed

1. come/comes
2. came
3. will come
4. have/had come
5. had come
6. shall have/will have come

LESSON CXIX

PRESENT
The root of the verb in unchanged in:
I give, We give, They give
Second person singular is usually “you give” and therefore is not changed in traditional English
“thou givest” is altered; however, is not recognized in modern English.
“You give” singular is the correct tense.

The third person singular (he, she it) an “s” or in some cases “es” is added to the verb.

PAST
In the past “thou gavest” is the only form that changes; however, this form is only used in
traditional English and is not commonly used in modern day speech. You “gave” singular is the
correct tense.

FUTURE
In the future the principal verb does not change. The auxiliary verb “will” is used in all cases
except with “you” and “they” which use the auxiliary verb “shall” in traditional English. In
modern day English “will” is acceptable for all people.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

In the present perfect the auxiliary verb “have” is used for all persons except third person
where “has” is used. In the case of the second person “You have given” would be correct for
modern English purposes.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

The past perfect all verbs use “had” in modern day English.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The only change is in second person in the case of traditional English “wilt” is used. Modern day
English uses “you will.”

The student will write sentences using each verb in the tense, number, and person indicated.
Answers will vary. Correct verb conjugations are given. Modern English is given for second
person singular.

1. I have studied
2. You will have chosen
3. They had known
4. I took
5. You find
6. He/She will violate
7. I will have carried
8. They will have frozen
 9. You will have spoken
10. They will consist
11. You will have rung
12. We had sung
13. He/She preferred
14. I will have eaten
15. We had done

LESSON CXX

Give reasons for the marks of punctuation in the following sentences.

1. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning

2. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning
(quotation)
3. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning
4. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning
5. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning
6. Dash before statement of particulars
7. Expressions belonging to another
8. The omission of a letter or letters
9. An expression occurring in the body of a sentence with an independent meaning
10. The omission of a letter or letters
11. Hyphen with compound words
12. Dash where sentence breaks of abruptly

LESSON CXXI

1. She was heartbroken

2. She felt ashamed
3. He told her all that she was capable of
4. The nightingale began to sing again without fear or shame

The student will write his/her own composition. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXXII

Write the conjugation of the following verbs in the indicative mode:

1
I, you, we, they- choose, fade, go, run, flow, forsake, fly spend, put, succeed
He, it, she-chooses, fades, goes, runs, flows, forsakes, flies, spends, puts, succeeds

Past

I, you, we, they, he, she it- chose, faded, went, ran, flowed, forsook, flew, spent, put, succeeded

Future

I, you, we, they, he, she, it- will choose, will fated, will go, will flow, will forsake, will fly, will
spend, will put, will succeed

Present Perfect

I, you, we, they- have chosen, have faded, have gone, have run, have flowed, have forsaken,
have flown, have spent, have put, have succeeded

He, she it- has chosen, has faded, has gone, has run, has flowed, has forsaken, has flown, has
spent, has put, has succeeded

Past Perfect

I, you, we, they, he, she, it- had chosen, had faded, had gone, had run, had flowed, had
forsaken, had flown, had spent, had put, had succeeded

Future perfect

I, you, we, they, he, she, it- will/shall have chosen, will/shall have faded, will/shall have gone,
will/shall have run, will/shall have flowed, will/shall have forsaken, will shall have flown,
will/shall have spent, will/shall have put, will/shall have succeeded

LESSON CXXIII

1. Shall be glad-future, see-present (subject I)

2. Will be late-future (subject you)
3. Will not excuse-future (subject-the teacher)

1. Will meet you- future (subject I)

 2. Shall not have- future (subject you)
3. Shall not use- future (subject Henry)

In the first sentence the speaker promises to meet you. In the second and third the speaker
controls the book/knife.

Note: in modern day American English “will” is used for first, second and third person to
express future. “Shall” may be used in suggestions in the form of a question. “Shall” may also
be used in all persons to express formality. The student may use “will” and “shall” to form
sentences; however, the following exercise is skipped since “will” can be used in all instances to
talk about future actions.

Fill in the blanks with should/would (note: should denotes a suggestion)

1. Would
2. Should
3. Would
4. Would
5. Should
6. Should
7. Should
8. Would
9. Would
10. Should

The sentences using “would” show future action. The sentences using “should” express
obligation.

1 Would be this Earth- possible/conditional future action

Would lose its mirth-possible/conditional future action

2 The world should listen- a suggestion

3 should never be ashamed- a suggestion

LESSON CXXIV

Write out a conjugation of two or more verbs in the potential mode:

I may go
I might go (may/might as in form of permission or possibility)
I may have gone
I might have gone

You may strike

You might strike
You may have struck
You might have struck

LESSON CXXV

“May” is used to ask permission. “Can” is used to express ability.

Note: the book doesn’t mention that “may” is also commonly used for probability; however,
you will need this information in order to complete the following exercise.

Write ten sentences showing your power to discriminate between the following words:

Answers will vary, examples are given:

May I borrow your book?

I can play the violin
Might I call you by your first name?
I could not remember her name.

Explain the use of may, can, might, and could in the following quotations:

1. May- probability
2. Canst- ability
3. Might- probability
4. Must- necessity (very probable)
5. Could- ability
6. Could-ability
7. Could-ability
8. May- probability
 LESSON CXXVI

The will study the account and give a similar description. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXXVII

Compare the conjugation of the verbs be with that of the earlier lessons:

The verb “be varies most drastically in the present because the first person singular “I
am” also has an independent form. The book also uses the out of date “thou art” for
“you are.” This form will only be found in earlier times (15th /16th century or earlier) in
works such as those of William Shakespeare. In all other tenses only “he/she/It” has a
different format (and “you” in older English).

LESSON CXXVIII

“I write” speaks of an action which takes place generally of typically in the present. “I am
writing” speaks of an action which is taking place at the moment being spoken.

Write the potential mode and the progressive form of the verb “write”:

I/ you/we/they/write
He writes

I am writing
You/they/we are writing
He/she is writing

Write the number and tenses of the following verbs as indicated below:
(in the case that the verb conjugation changes for different singular persons all correct answers
are listed independently)

1. I was breaking, you were breaking, he/she was breaking

2. will be burning
3. may buy
4. will have built
5. may have been cutting
6. may have bled
7. I am drawing, you were drawing, he/she was drawing
8. Will have driven
 9. Might had dwelt
10. Might had been bringing

LESSON CXXIX

Evangeline was 17 years old, her eyes were black. The author compares her eye color to
berries. She had brown hair. On Sunday she wore a Norman cap, a blue kirtle, and earrings. She
was most beautiful after her confession. Expression is more attractive than beauty of features,
it is understood because her beauty is expressed as being more powerful with God’s
benediction. Nobility is of character of the greatest personal charm.

The student will write an account of a person with strong points of individuality. Answers will
vary.

LESSON CXXX

The student will construct sentences. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXXXI

Rewrite the following sentences, changing the verbs in the active transitive form to the passive
transitive form, and those in the passive transitive form to the active transitive form:

1. Pharaoh and his host were pursued by them.

2. The oak was shattered by the lightning.
3. Many good precepts are spoiled by one bad example
4. Shall irresolution and inaction gather us strength?
5. We drew our buskins on our feet.
6. That red and struggling beam witnessed scenes of woe.
7. Ambition is broken by the ties of blood and the obligations of gratitude are forgotten.
8. She made a various wreath of odorous flowers. She chose gay and mottled pinks and
jonquils.
9. You shall become rich by serving a poor man. You shall become strong helping a sick
man. You can serve yourself through service you render. (exact wording may differ)

LESSON CXXXII

Emphatic verbs add emphasis making the statement stronger or more clear. The present or
past may in the emphatic form.
Write sentences, using the following verbs in each of the three forms: simple, progressive, and
emphatic:

Simple:
I believe
I pursue
I judge
I estimate
I publish
I choose
I control
I drown
I understand
I dispose

Progressive:
I am believing
I am pursing
I am judging
I am estimating
I am publishing
I am choosing
I am controlling
I am drowning
I am understanding
I am disposing

Emphatic:

I do believe
He does pursue
I do judge
She does estimate
We do publish
I do choose
They do control
I do drown
We do understand
I do dispose
LESSON CXXXIII

The student will describe a similar event he/she witnessed. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXXXIV

Write sentences illustrative of the uses of auxiliary verbs. Answers will vary. A few examples are
given.

You may use the restroom.

I can swim.
You would not like it.

LESSON CXXXV

In the following exercises, change the interrogative sentences into declarative sentences, and
the declarative into interrogative:

1. I see you yon light on the southern headland.

2. Has the maple on the hillside lost its bright green?
3. You can hear the roaring of the breakers.
4. Is it liberty alone that gives the flowers of fleeting life….?
5. There wasn’t ever a better charity sermon preached in world better than Dickens….
6. Would you not enter on your list of friends?
7. Do you know the land where cypress and myrtle are emblems…?
8. In this past year’s diary, there is a precious day noted on which …
9. Are the stillest streams often water of fairest meadows?
10. Do all the kings of the nation lie in glory, cased in cedar…?
11. Did the chill winds from the mountain peak sweep down?
12. The blossoms are singing. All this humming is the sound of the music of bees.
13. They are losing. They are winning. They are far, they come near.
Do you look around and tell us sister….

LESSON CXXXVI

Explain the use of the subjunctive in the following sentences:

1. If he were more courteous (he is not currently courteous).

2. Should it rain (in the instance that it does rain)
 3. I wish (a desire, not a reality)
4. If he be diligent (If he is diligent in the future).
5. If he had been (he was not)
6. If it were (it is not)
7. Be led to (speaking of a possible future event)
8. Let him thinketh/take heed (what he could/should do in the
9. Thou wert (if he were)
10. Had I (If I had, not real)
11. If it were done, when it be done (speaking of a possible future action)
12. Were gold (If it were, unreal event)

LESSON CXXXVII

Write ten sentences using the following verbs in the imperative mode: (answers will vary; a few
examples are given0.

Stand up now!
Praise the Lord!
Count your blessings.

LESSON CXXXVIII

The student will give a similar description of a room he/she has seen. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXXXIX

The student will write eight sentences discriminating between “raise” and “rise” as well as “see”
and “saw.” Answers will vary. Example are given.

You raise me up when I fall.

You must wait for the bread to rise before removing it from the oven.

I saw a bird in the tree (past of see).

I used a sawed the branch off (past of saw, a verb meaning to cut)

Copy the following sentences, filling the blanks with suitable words:

1. Lies
2. Has raised
 3. Lying
4. Lain
5. Lie
6. Lying
7. Laid
8. Lay
9. Lie
10. Laying

Copy and complete the following sentences:

1. Sat
2. Sat
3. Sat
4. Set
5. Sit
6. Set
7. Sat
8. Set
9. Set
10. Sat
11. Sits
12. Setting

LESSON CXL

In the following sentences explain the agreement of the verbs with their subject. Point out the
object of the prepositions.

1. “Congress” is the subject, a collective noun considered as one unity using the third
person singular of the auxiliary verb “has”
2. “Precept” and “discipline” are the subjects. The word “neither” causes us to use them
separately; therefore, stating “is” in the third person singular.
3. “World” is the collective subject considered as one unity and using the third person
singular of the verb “has”
4. “Charles” and “Harry” are the subjects. The word “nor” causes us to use them
separately; therefore, taking the verb “knows” in the third person singular.
5. “Father” and “son” are the subjects. The words “not only” causes us to use them
separately; therefore, taking the verb “was” in the third person singular.
 6. “Row” is the subject, it is a collective noun considered one unity using the first person
singular “was.”
7. Each “Star” is the subject taking the third person “appears”’
8. The cities all take a collective plural “they” using the verb in the future to state “will
main forever.”
9. “Gardens” is a collective noun taking the singular third person “extends.”
10. “Exertion” is a collective noun taking the singular third person “leads.’
11. “Praise” is a collective noun taking the singular third person “winds.”
12. “House” is the subject taking the singular third person “Burned”. “Man”, “Woman” and
“child” are spoken as individuals through the use of the word “every” and therefore
take third person singular of the auxiliary verb “was.”
13. “Seasons” is taken as a third person singular subject through the use of the word “each”
taking the verb “cheer.”
14. “Sleigh” and “horses” are the subjects. The phrase “as well as” causes us to use the
singular “sleigh” and take the third person singular of the auxiliary verb “was.”
15. “Roses” and “Myrtle” are the subjects taken in a plural collective using the third person
plural “bloomed.”
16. “Parents” is a collective plural using the third person plural “repaired.’

LESSON CXLI

“Maud” and “Estelle” are the subjects of the verb “are reading” in the first sentence.
The subject is plural. “Maud” and “Estelle” are the subjects of the verb “is reading” in
the second sentence. The subject is singular. “And” causes the subjects to be taken
collectively. “Or” causes the subjects to be taken separately.

Mention the subjects of the verbs in the following sentences, and tell why each verb is of the
singular or plural form.

1. “Tree” and “Shrub” are the subjects. They are taken as singular due to the use of the
word “every.”
2. “Day” and “hour” are the subjects. They are taken as singular due to the use of the word
“each.”
3. “Stone” and “flower” are the subjects. They are used collectively because they are
connected by the word “and.”
4. “Fancies” and “Hopes” are the subjects. They are used collectively because they are
connected by the word “and.
5. “Eye” and “ear” are the subjects. They are used separately and take the singular
because they are connected by the word “nor.”
 6. “Science” and “Invention” are the subjects. They are used collectively because they are
connected by the word “and.
7. The Oxford Living Dictionary states that “where a verb follows a list separated by “or”
the traditional rule is that the verb should be singular, as long as the things in the list are
individually singular” however, in this instance the noun closer to the verb (persons) is
plural and therefore, the plural (were) can be used.
8. “Light,” “air,” and “blessing” are the subjects used collectively in a list.
9. “seasons” take the plural “return,” “day” takes the singular “returns.”

CCLII

Parse the verbs in Lesson CXXXVIII

Has a flooring – has in an irregular verb because the third person is not formed by adding “s”. It
is transitive in the active voice, it is in the present tense, it is in the third person singular

Squeezed up between them- Squeezed is a regular verb in the past made by adding “ed.” It is a
transitive passive voice, it is in the third person.

You tread on- Tread is a regular verb. It is transitive active voice, it is in the present second
person singular.

You will go to- go is an irregular verb because the third person singular is formed by adding “es”
and the past is “went” which is not formed by adding “ed.” It is an intransitive verb. It is in the
future tense, second person singular.

The Lord have mercy- have is an irregular verb because the third person is not formed by
adding “s”. It is transitive in the active voice, it is in the present tense, it is in the third person
singular

Will you go-- go is an irregular verb because the third person singular is formed by adding “es”
and the past is “went” which is not formed by adding “ed.” It is an intransitive verb. It is in the
future tense, second person singular.

Being crossed by narrow bridges- Crossed is a regular verb, the past is formed by adding “ed.” It
is a transitive verb in the passive voice it is in the past, it is in the third person plural.

You may put – Put is an irregular verb. The past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive
verb in the active voice. It is in the present potential verb in the second person singular.
You are – be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules.
It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present second person singular.

May see- see is an irregular verb, it is not conjugated by adding “ed” in the past. It is a transitive
verb in the passive voice in this instance. It is in the present potential form. It is in the second
person singular.

Light is let in- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to
rules. It is a transitive verb in the passive voice. It is in the third person present.

Showing the rude way- Showing is a regular verb in all forms except the past participle. It is a
transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present continuous in the third person plural.

Was shaped- Shaped is a regular verb. It is a transitive verb in the passive voice. It is in the past
third person singular.

It came- Came is an irregular verb in the past. It is an intransitive verb. It is in the past third
person singular.

It is a realm- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to
rules. It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person singular.

Garret is- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules.
It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person singular.

Wrecks are thrown up- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated
according to rules. It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person
plural.

Slowly go to pieces- go is an irregular verb because the third person singular is formed by
adding “es” and the past is “went” which is not formed by adding “ed.” It is an intransitive verb.
It is in the present tense, third person plural.

There is- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules. It
is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person singular.

was rocked in- rocked is a regular verb formed by adding “ed” in the past. It is a transitive verb
in the passive voice. It is in the past third person singular.

Is the ruin- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules.
It is a transitive verb in the active voice in this instance. It is in the present third person singular.
He died on-died is an irregular verb with varied forms not following rules. It is a transitive verb
in most conditions; however, in this instance it has an object. It conjugated in the past, third
person singular.

Used to put -Put is an irregular verb. The past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive
verb in the active voice. It is in the past in the third person singular.

His breath came hard- Came is an irregular verb in the past. It is an intransitive verb. It is in the
past third person singular.

There is - be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules.
It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person singular

He had nothing- has in an irregular verb because the third person is not formed by adding “s”
and the past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is transitive in the active voice, it is in the past
tense, it is in the third person singular

There is- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules. It
is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person singular

Sent – sent is an irregular verb. The past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive verb in
the passive voice. It is in the third person singular past.

Thanked- Thanked is a regular verb in which is past is formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive
verb in the passive voice. It is in the third person singular past.

Twirled- Twirled is a regular verb in which is past is formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive verb
in the active voice. It is in the third person singular past.

Bowed- Bowed is a regular verb in which is past is formed by adding “ed.” It is a transitive verb
in the active voice. It is in the third person singular past.

There are- be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to rules.
It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the present third person plural

Their mouths gaping- Gaping is a regular verb. It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in
the third person plural present progressive.

They used to be- Be is an irregular verb. Every form is different and not conjugated according to
rules. It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the potential past third person plural.
andirons waiting- Waiting is a regular verb. It is an intransitive verb. It is in the third person
plural present progressive.

They shall revenge- revenge is a regular verb. It is a transitive verb. It is in the future third
person plural future.

They shall have- has in an irregular verb because the third person is not formed by adding “s”
and the past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is transitive in the active voice, it is in the future
tense, it is in the third person plural

And bring with them- Bring is an irregular verb, the past is not formed by adding “ed.”
It is a transitive verb in the active voice. It is in the third person plural future.

Wheel which was running- Run is an irregular verb, the past is not formed by adding “ed.” It is a
transitive verb in the passive voice. It is in the third person singular past progressive.

They were hanging-hang is an irregular verb when formed in the past participle. It is a transitive
verb in the passive voice. It is in the third person plural present progressive.

LESSON CXLII

The student will write his/her individual descriptions. Answers will vary.

LESSON CXLIV

Mention the participles in the following sentences (note: exercise has been modified to facilitate
the activity for the student)

1. Walking
2. Piping
Blossoming
3. Towering
4. Sitting
5. Flowing
6. Blowing
7. Walking
8. Budding
Stretching
blossoming
LESSON CXLV

Mention the infinitives in the following sentences (note: exercise has been modified to facilitate
the activity for the student)

1. To be
2. Is, to pull
3. To fill
4. To do
5. To visit
6. To go
7. Go, to lighten
8. To feel, to hide
9. To be, forgive, bless
10. To preserve, to be, is
11. To learn, to instruct
12. To roam, to rest,
13. To gild, to paint, to throw, to smooth, to add

LESSON CXLVI

Parse the participles and infinitives in Lesson CXXXIII. Eliminate this section. The text is two
pages long; it would take the student hours to complete.

LESSON CXLVII

1. A verb is a word used to describe an action; a verbal is a word or words functioning as a

verb.
2. Transitive and intransitive
3. Transitive verbs require and object. Intransitive verbs do not.
4. I eat cake. The cake was eaten by me.
5. An auxiliary verbs accompany another verb to add function or grammatical meaning to
the clause. Examples are can, do, be.
6. Indicative mode is in the simple statement or asks a question. The potential form and
the subjunctive form of a verb is used to talk about something that is not a real current
 situation, it may might or could have occurred. The imperative is used to make a
command or request.
7. Subjunctive present- If I hear
Subjunctive past- If I heard
Indicative present- I hear
Indicative past- I heard
Indicative future – I shall hear
Indicative Present Perfect- I have heard
Indicative Past perfect – I had heard
Indicative Future perfect- I shall have heard
The Imperative mode- You hear!
8. Participles are classified by form, time, present, past or past perfect.
9. Infinitives are classified as simple or compound, active or passive, and present or
present perfect.
10. Have and be can be used in the passive form without to
11. A verb in the progressive verb has an auxiliary verb and a second verb formed by adding
“ing”
12. Subjunctive- I should have read
Progressive- I am reading

LESSON CXLVIII

The student will write a composition answers will vary.

LESSON CXLIX

Parse the prepositions in the following sentences:

1. Beside is a preposition modifying a noun

Along is a preposition modifying a verb
With is a preposition modifying a noun
2. Away is a preposition modifying a verb
From is a preposition modifying a noun
On is a preposition modifying a noun
3. That is a preposition modifying a noun
Upon is a preposition modifying a noun
Above is a preposition modifying a noun
4. In is a preposition modifying a noun
5. Where is a preposition modifying an adverb of place
6. Around is a preposition modifying an adverbial phrase
 Against is a preposition modifying an adverbial phrase
Which is a preposition modifying a participle
7. Within is a preposition modifying and adverbial phrase
From is a preposition modifying a verb

The student will write 15 sentences using the prepositions answers will vary

LESSON CL

1. Prepositional
2. Infinitive
3. Adverbial
4. Participial
5. Infinitive
6. Adverbial
7. Prepositional
8. Prepositional/Participle
9. Complex
10. Complex

LESSON CLI

The word “treeless” modifies plain. The phrase “plain without a tree” fulfills the same office in
the second sentence. Both sentences equal the same idea.

Rewrite the following sentences, expanding the Italicized words into equivalent phrases. State
whether the phrases are substantive, adjective, or adverbial

1. General Custer fell in this place. (adjective)

2. Industry is a fruitful practice. (adjective)
3. A man with a lot of money has great advantages. (adjective)
4. I will return in the near future. (adverb)
5. Hear is a clover with four leaves. (adjective)
6. In which place did you find it. (adjective)
7. He was a man who has gained a lot of knowledge through study (adjective)
8. Those children are without homes. (adjective)
9. His journey went on for a long period of time. (adjective)
10. It was a day without clouds. (adjective)
LESSON CLII

Yes, these sentences express the same idea. The adverb “violently” is equivalent to the phrase
“with violence.”

Rewrite the following sentences, contracting the Italicized phrases into equivalent words. State
whether the phrases are substantive, adjective, or adverbial

1. The transaction was lawful. (adjective)

2. Here I will remain. (substantive)
3. Shortly the work will be accomplished. (adverb)
4. His conceit was not transported. (substantive)
5. Here Garfield fell. (adjective)
6. The groves were God’s first temples. (substantive)
7. The egotism of the man was intolerable. (adjective)
8. The lady spoke precisely. (adverb).
9. These drawings were made accurately. (adverb)
10. Here the president took the oath of office. (adjective)

LESSON CLIII

The student will write a composition. Answers will vary.