SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND WAVES

Chapter No. 10
Q.No.10.1:- The time period of a simple pendulum
is 2 s. What will be its length on earth? What will Solution: As we know
be its length on the moon if gm = ge / 6? Where Tm = 2√
ge = 10 ms-2.
Given Data: Squaring both sides
Time period = T= 2 s
Value of „g‟ on earth= ge = 10 ms-2 ( )2 = ( √ )
Value of „g‟ on moon= gm = = = 1.6 ms-2 = 4 2 
To find:
gm =
(i) Length on earth = le =?
(ii) Length on moon = lm =? gm =
Solution: As we know
gm =
T = 2√
gm =
Squaring both sides
gm = 1.63 ms-2
(T)2 = ( √) Q.No.10.3:- Find the time periods of a simple
pendulum of 1 meter length, placed on Earth and
T2 = 4 2  on Moon. The value of g on the surface of Moon is
1/6th of its value on Earth, where ge is 10 ms-2.
l = …………… (i) Given Data:
(i) For Earth eq. (i) can be written as Length = l = 1 m
Value of „g‟ on earth= ge = 10 ms-2
le =
Value of „g‟ on moon= gm = = = 1.6 ms-2
le = To find:
le = (i) Time period on earth = Te =?
(ii) Time period on moon = Tm =?
le = Solution: As we know
le = 1.014 m For Earth
le = 1.02 m
Te = 2√
(ii) For Moon eq. (i) can be written as
lm = Te = 2(3.14√
lm = Te = (6.28)√ 
lm = Te = (6.28)x 0.316
Te = 1.986 s
lm = Te = 2 s
lm = 0.162 m (ii) For Moon
lm = 0.17 m
Tm = 2√
Q.No.10.2:- A pendulum of length 0.99 m is taken
to the Moon by an astronaut. The period of the
pendulum is 4.9 s. What is the value of g on the Tm = 2(3.14)√
surface of the Moon?
Tm = (6.28)√ 
Given Data:
Tm = (6.28)x 0.79
Time period = Tm = 4.9 s
Length = lm = 0.99 m Tm = 4.96s
To find: Tm = 4.9s
„g‟ on moon = gm =?
Q.No.10.4:- A simple pendulum completes one (iii) As
vibration in two seconds. Calculate its length, V = f
when g = 10.0 ms-2. V = (5)(0.06)
Given Data: V = 0.3 ms-1
Number of vibrations = n = 1 Q.No.10.6:- A wooden bar vibrating into the
Total time = t = 2 s water surface in a ripple tank has a frequency of
As one vibration completed in 2 s. 12 Hz. The resulting wave has a wavelength of 3
So Time period = T= 2 s cm. What is the speed of the wave?
Given Data:
Value of „g‟ on earth= g = 10 ms-2
Frequency = f = 12 Hz
To find:
Length on earth = l =? Wavelength =  = 3 cm = = 0.03 m
Solution: As we know To find:
Wave speed = V =?
T = 2√
Solution: As we know
Squaring both sides V = f
V = (12)(0.03)
(T)2 = ( √)
V = 0.36 ms-1
T2 = 4 2  Q.No.10.7:- A transverse wave produced on a
spring has a frequency of 190 Hz and travels
l = along the length of the spring of 90 m, in 0.5 s.
(a) What is the period of the wave?
l= (b) What is the speed of the wave?
(c) What is the wavelength of the wave?
l= Given Data:
l= Frequency = f = 190 Hz
Distance = d = 90 m
l=
Total time = t = 0.5 s
l = 1.01 m To find:
Q.No.10.5:- If 100 waves pass through a point of a (a) Time period = T =?
medium in 20 seconds, what is the frequency and (b) Wave speed = V =?
the time period of the wave? If its wavelength is 6
cm, calculate the wave speed. (c) Wavelength =  =?
Given Data: (a) Solution: As we know
Number of waves = n = 100 T=
Total time = t = 20 s
T=
Wavelength =  = 6 cm = = 0.06 m
T = 0.0053 s
To find: (b) Also we know
(i) Frequency = f =? d = vt
(ii) Time period = T =?
V=
(iii) Wave speed = V =?
(i) Solution: As we know V=
f= V = 180 ms-1
(c) As
f=
V = f
f = 5 Hz
(ii) Also we know  

T=  

T= m
T = 0.2 s
Q.No.10.8:- Water waves in a shallow dish are 6.0 To find:
cm long. At one point, the water moves up and Wavelength =  =?
down at a rate of 4.8 oscillations per second. Solution: As we know
(a) What is the speed of the water waves?
(b) What is the period of the water waves? V = f 
Given Data:  
Frequency = f = 4.8 Hz
 
Wavelength =  = 6 cm = = 0.06 m
To find:  
(a) Wave speed = V =?  
(b) Time period = T =?
(a) Solution: As we know  
V = f  
V = (4.8)(0.06) m
V = 0.288
V = 0.29 ms-1
(b) Also we know
T=

T=
T = 0.208
T = 0.21 s
Q.No.10.9:- At one end of a ripple tank 80 cm
across, a 5 Hz vibrator produces waves whose
wavelength is 40 mm. Find the time the waves
need to cross the tank.
Given Data:
Frequency = f = 5 Hz
Wavelength =  = 40 mm = = 0.04 m
Distance = d = 80 cm = = 0.8 m
To find:
Total time = t =?
Formula:
V = f 
V = (5)(0.04)
V = 0.2 ms-1
As we know that
d=Vt Written By: M.SARFRAZ
t= M.Phil (PHYSICS)
t= SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
t=4s Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri
Q.No.10.10:- What is the wavelength of the radio
waves transmitted by an FM station at 90 MHz? NEW TALENT SCIENCE
Where 1M = 106, and speed of radio wave is ACADEMY MAINGRI
3 x 108 m s-1. M.D AHSAN RIAZ
Given Data:
Mob: 0301-5324223
Frequency = f = 90 MHz = 90 x 106 Hz
Wave speed = V = 3 x 108 ms-1
 SOUND
Chapter No. 11

Q.No.11.1:- A normal conversation involves sound Intensity of sound = I =?

intensities of about 3.0 × 10-6 Wm-2. What is the
Solution: As we know
decibel level for this intensity? What is the
intensity of the sound for 100 dB? = 10 log dB
Given Data:
80 dB = 10 log dB
Intensity of conversation sound = = 3 x 10-6 Wm-2
Intensity of faintest audible sound = I0 =10-12 Wm-2 = log
Sound level = = 100 dB 8 = log
To find:
Intensity level of sound = =? Antilog 8 =
Intensity of sound = =? 108 =
Solution: As we know I = 108 x 10-12
= 10 log dB I = 108-12
I = 10-4 Wm-2
= 10 log dB
-6+12
Q.No.11.3:- At a particular temperature, the
= 10 log (3 x 10 ) dB speed of sound in air is 330 ms-1. If the wavelength
6
= 10 log (3 x 10 ) dB of a note is 5 cm, calculate the frequency of the
= 10 (log 3 + log106) dB sound wave. Is this frequency lie in the audible
= 10 (log 3 + 6log10) dB range of the human ear?
= 10 (log 3 + 6(1)) dB Given Data:
= 10 (0.48 + 6) dB Speed = V = 330 ms-1
= 10 (6.48) dB
Wavelength =  = 5 cm = = 0.05 m
= 64.8 dB
To find:
Also we know
Frequency = f =?
= 10 log dB
Is this frequency lies in audible frequency range =?
100 dB = 10 log dB Solution: As we know
V = f 
= log
f =
10 = log
f=
Antilog 10 =
f = 6600 Hz
1010 = f = 6.6x 103Hz
= 1010 x 10-12 As the audible frequency range is 20 Hz to
= 1010-12 20,000 Hz. So, this frequency lies in this range.
= 10-2 Q.No.11.4:- A doctor count 72 heartbeats in 1
= min. Calculate the frequency and period of the
heartbeats?
= Given Data:
= 0.01 Wm-2 Number of heart beats = n = 72
Q.No.11.2:- If at Anarkali bazar Lahore, intensity Total time = t = 1 min = 60 s
level is 80 dB, what will be the intensity of sound To find:
there? Frequency = f =?
Given Data: Time period = T =?
Sound level = = 80 dB (i) Solution: As we know
Intensity of faintest audible sound = I0 =10-12 Wm-2 f=
To find:
 f= S = (1531)(1.71)
f = 1.2 Hz S = 2618
Q.No.11.8:- The highest frequency sound humans
(ii) Also we knows
can hear is about 20,000 Hz. What is the
T= wavelength of sound in air at this frequency at a
temperature of 20oC? What is the wavelength of
T= the lowest sounds we can hear of about 20 Hz?
T = 0.83 s Assume the speed of sound in air at 20oC is 343
Q.No.11.5:- A marine survey ship sends a sound ms-1.
wave straight to the seabed. It receives an echo1.5 Given Data:
s later. The speed of sound in sea water is 1500 Highest audible frequency = fh = 20,000 Hz
ms-1. Find the depth of the sea at this position. Lowest audible frequency = fl = 20 Hz
Given Data: Speed of sound at 200C = V = 343 ms-1
Time for echo = t0 = 1.5 s To find:
Time for sound to reach seabed = t = = 0.75 s (a) Wavelength for highest frequency = h =?
Speed of sound = V = 1500 ms-1 (b) Wavelength for lowest frequency = l =?
To find: (a) Solution: As we know
Depth = S =? V = f
Solution: As we know  
S = V t
S = (1500)(0.75) h 
S = 1125m h
Q.No.11.6:- A student clapped his hands near a
cliff and heard the echo after 5 s. What is the hm
distance of the cliff from the student if the speed hxm
of the sound, v is taken as 346 ms–1? (b) Also we know
Given Data:
 l 
Time for echo = t0 = 5 s
Time for sound to reach seabed = t = = 2.5 s l
Speed of sound = V = 346 ms-1 lm
To find: lm
Distance = S =? Q.No.11.9:- A sound wave has a frequency of 2
Solution: As we know kHz and wavelength 35 cm. How long will it take
to travel 1.5 km?
S = V t
Given Data:
S = (346)(2.5)
Frequency = f = 2 kHz = 2000 Hz
S = 865 m
Q.No.11.7:- A ship sends out ultrasound that Wavelength =  = 35 cm = = 0.35 m
returns from the seabed and is detected after 3.42 Distance = S = 1.5 km = 1.5 x 1000 m = 1500 m
s. If the speed of ultrasound through seawater is To find:
1531 ms-1, what is the distance of the seabed from Total time = t =?
the ship?
Solution: As we know
Given Data:
Time for echo = t0 = 3.42 s V = f 
V = (2000)(0.35)
Time for ultrasound to reach seabed = t = = 1.71s
V = 700 ms-1
Speed of sound = V = 1531 ms-1 S=Vt
To find:
t=
Distance = S =?
Solution: As we know t=
S = V t t = 2.1s
 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Chapter No. 12 h = x 30
i
Q.No:-12.1: An object 10 cm in front of a convex
hi = 2.99 x 30
mirror forms an image 5.0 cm behind the mirror.
hi = 87.26cm
What is the focal length of the mirror?
Q.No:- 12.3. An object and its image in a
Given Data: For Convex mirror
concave mirror are of the same height, yet
Distance of object = p = 10 cm
inverted, when the object is 20.0 cm for the
Distance of image = q = -5 cm
mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
To find:
Given Data: For concave mirror
Focal length = f =?
Distance of object = p = 20 cm
Solution: As we know
hi = ho
= + To find:
= (i) Distance of Image = q =?
(ii) Focal length = f =?
f= (i) Solution: As we know
f= =
f= As given that hi = ho
f = - 10 cm =
Q.No:-12.2. An object 30.0 cm tall is located 1=
10.5 cm from a concave mirror with focal length
16.0 cm. (a) Where is the image located? (b) How q=p
high is it? q = 20 cm
Given Data: For concave mirror (ii) Also we know
Distance of object = p = 10.5 cm = +
Focal length = f = 16 cm =
Height of object = ho = 30 cm
To find: f=
(i) Distance of Image = q =?
f=
(ii) Height of image = hi =?
(i) Solution: As we know f=
= + f = 10 cm
Q.No:- 12.4. Find the focal of a mirror that
= -
forms an image 5.66 cm behind a mirror of an
= object placed at 34.4 cm in front of the mirror.
Given Data:
q= Distance of object = p = 34.4 cm
q= As image is behind the mirror, so q is negative
Distance of image = q = -5.66 cm
q= To find:
q = -30.54 cm Focal length = f =?
The negative sign indicates that the image is Solution: As we know
behind the mirror and therefore, it is a virtual image. = +
q = 30.54 cm
(ii) Also we know =
= f=
= f=
 f= q=
f = -6.77 cm q=
Q.No:- 12.5. An image of a statue appears to be
q = 15.84 cm
11.5 cm behind a convex mirror with focal length
(ii) As we know
13.5 cm. Find the distance from the statue to the
mirror. =
Given Data: For convex mirror =
Distance of image = q = -11.5 cm
Focal length = f = -13.5 cm hi = x 13.2
To find: hi = 0.82 x 13.2
Distance of object = p =? hi = 10.83 cm
Solution: As we know (b) As we know
= + =
= - =
= = x 13.2
p= = 0.41 x 13.2
= 5.42 cm
p= Q.No:- 12.7. Nabeela uses a concave mirror
p= when applying make-up. The mirror has a radius
of curvature of 38.0 cm.
p= (a) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(b) Nabeela is located 50 cm from the mirror.
p = 77.62 cm
Where will her image appear?
Q.No:- 12.6. An image produced by a concave (c) Will the image be upright or inverted?
mirror with focal length 8.70 cm and an object Given Data: For concave mirror
that is 13.2 cm tall and 19.3 cm from the mirror.
Distance of object = p = 50 cm
(a) Find the location and height of the image.
(b) Find the height of the image produced by the Radius of curvature = R = 38 cm
mirror. If the object is twice as far from the To find:
mirror. (a) Focal length = f =?
(a) Given Data: For concave mirror (b) Distance of image = q =?
Distance of object = p = 19.3 cm (c) Image is upright or inverted =?
Focal length = f = 8.7 cm (a) Solution: As we know
Height of object = ho = 13.2 cm f=
(b) Distance of object = = 2p = 19.3 x 2 = 38.6 cm f=
Height of object = = 13.2 cm
f = 19 cm
To find:
(b) As we know
(i) Distance of Image = q =?
(ii) Height of image = hi =? = +
(iii) Height of image = =? = -
(i) Solution: As we know
=
= +
q=
= -
q=
=
q=
q=
q = 30.64 cm
(c) (ii) Height of image = hi =?
Since the value of q is positive. So, image is (iii) Nature of image =?
inverted. (i) Solution: As we know
Q.No:- 12.8. An object 4 cm high is placed at a = +
distance of 12 cm from a convex lens of focal
length 8 cm. Calculate the position and size of the = -
image. Also state the nature of the image. =
Given Data: For convex lens
Distance of object = p = 12 cm q=
Focal length = f = 8 cm
q=
Height of object = ho= 4 cm
To find: q=
(i) Distance of Image = q =? q=
(ii) Height of image = hi =?
q = -8.57 cm
(iii) Nature of image =?
(ii) Also we know
(i) Solution: As we know
=
= +

= - =
hi = x 10
=
hi = 0.428 x 10
q= hi = 4.28 cm
(iii) Nature of image
q=
Since the value of “q” is negative and smaller than
q= “p”. So, image is virtual, erect and diminished.
q= Q.No:- 12.10. A convex lens of focal length 6 cm is
to be used to form a virtual image three times the
q = 24 cm
size of the object. Where the lens must be placed?
(ii) Also we know
Given Data: For convex lens
= Magnification = m = 3
= Focal length = f = 6 cm
To find:
hi = x4 Distance of object = p =?
hi = 2 x 4 Solution: As we know
hi = 8 cm Since m=
(iii) Nature of image
Since the value of “q” is positive and twice of “p”. 3=
So, image is real, inverted and magnified. q = - 3p
Q.No:- 12.9. An object 10 cm high is placed at a (As we have to take virtual image. So, q is negative)
distance of 20 cm from a concave lens of focal = +
length 15 cm. Calculate the position and size of
the image. Also, state the nature of the image. = -
Given Data: For concave lens =
Distance of object = p = 20 cm
Focal length = f = -15 cm =
Height of object = ho= 10 cm 3p = 2f
To find: 3p = 2(6)
(i) Distance of Image = q =? 3p = 12
 p= 2=
p = 4 cm q = 2p
Q.No:- 12.11. A ray of light from air is incident (As we have to take real image. So, q is positive)
on a liquid surface at an angle of incidence 350. Since
Calculate the angle of refraction if the refractive P=
index of the liquid is 1.25. Also calculate the
critical angle between the liquid inter-face. f=
Given Data: f=
Angle of incidence = ̂ = 350 f = 0.2 m
Refractive index= n = = 1.25 f = 0.2 x 100 = 20 cm
Angle of refraction = ̂ = 900 (For critical angle) Now
Refractive index of air = =1
= +
To find:
Angle of refraction = r =? = +
Critical angle = ̂ = ̂ =?
=
Solution: As we know
̂ =
n= ̂
(Since light enter from rare to denser) 2p = 3f
̂ 2p = 3(20)
sin ̂ =
2p = 60
sin ̂ = p=
sin ̂ = p = 30 cm
sin ̂ = 0.4588
̂ = sin-1 (0.4588)
̂ = 27.310
For liquid-Air interface
̂
= ̂
̂

sin ̂ =
sin ̂ =
sin ̂ = 0.8
̂ = sin-1 (0.8)
̂ = 53.130
Q.No:- 12.12. The power of a convex lens is 5 D.
At what distance the object should be placed from Written By: M.SARFRAZ
the lens so that its real and 2 times larger image is M.Phil (PHYSICS)
formed.
SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
Given Data: For convex lens
Magnification = m = 2 Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri
Power = P = 5 D NEW TALENT SCIENCE
To find: ACADEMY MAINGRI
Distance of object = p =? M.D AHSAN RIAZ
Solution: As we know
Mob: 0301-5324223
Since m =
 ELECTROSTATICS
Chapter No. 13
Q.No:-13.1. The charge of how many negatively Q.No:-13.3. The force of repulsion between two
charged particles would be equal to 100 C. Assu- identical positive charges is 0.8 N, when the
me charge on one negative particle is 1.6 x 10-19C? charges are 0.1 m apart. Find the value of each
Given Data: charge.
Total charge = Q = 100C = 100 x 10-6 C Given Data:
Charge on negative particle = e = 1.6 x 10-19 C F = 0.8 N
To find: r = 0.1 m
No. of particles = n =? K = = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2
Solution: As we know To Find:
Q = ne q1 = q2 = q = ?
n= Solution: As we know
F=K
n=
F=K
n=
n= x 102 – 6 + 19 q2 =

n = 0.625 x 1015 q2 =
n = 6.25 x 10-1x 1015 q2 =
n = 6.25 x 10-1 + 15
n = 6.25 x 1014 q2 =
Q.No:-13.2. Two point charges q1 = 10  C and q2 =
q2 = 5  C are placed at the distance of 150cm.
q2 = x 10-14
What will be the Coulomb’s force between them?
Also find the direction of the force. q2 = 88.88 x 10-14
Given Data: √ =√
q1 = 10C = 10 x 10-6 C q=√ √
-7
q2 = 5C = 5 x 10-6 C q = 9.4 x 10 C
r = 150 cm So,
q1 = q2 = q = 9.4 x 10-7 C
r= = 1.5 m
Q.No:-13.4. Two charges repel each other with a
K = = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2
force of 0.1 N when they are 5 cm apart. Find the
To Find:
forces between the same charges when they are 2
Force = F =?
cm apart.
Direction = ?
Solution: As we know Given data:
(a) Force of repulsion = = 0.1 N
F=K
Distance = r1 = 5cm = = 0.05 cm
F = 9 x 109x
Distance = r2 = 2cm = = 0.02 cm
F= K = = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2
F= To find:
=?
F = 20
Solution: As we know
F = 0.2 N
Direction: Since both charges are positive point =K
charges. So there act a force of repulsion between As charges are same q1 = q2 = q
them. =K
……………..(i)
 =K Q.No:-13.7. A capacitor holds 0.06 coulombs of
charge when fully charged by a 9 volt battery.
=K Calculate capacitance of the capacitor.
……………..(ii) Given data:
Comparing eq. (i) & (ii) Charge = Q = 0.06 C
Battery = V = 9 V
Putting values To find:
Capacitance = C =?
Solution: As we know
Q = CV
C=
C=
Q.No:- 13.5. The potential at a point in an C = 0.0067 F
electric field is 104V.If a charge of +100C is
C = 6.67 x 10-3 F
brought from infinity to this point, What would
Q.No:-13.8. A capacitor holds 0.03 coulombs of
be the amount of work done on it?
charge when fully charged by 6 volts battery. How
Given data: much voltage would be required for it to hold 2
Potential = V= 104 V
coulombs of charge?
Charge = q = +100C
Given data:
q = +100 x 10-6C
Charge = Q1 = 0.03 C
To find:
Charge = Q2 = 2 C
Work = W =?
Voltage = V1 = 6 V
Solution: As we know
To find:
V= Voltage = V2 =?
W = qV Solution: As we know
W = 100 x 10-6x 104 Q = CV
W = 102x 10-6 x 104 As the capacitor is same so capacitance is also same
W = 102-6+4 For 1st battery
W = 100 C= …………(i)
W=1J
For 1st battery
Q.No:-13.6. A point charge of +2C is
C= …………(ii)
transferred from a point at potential of 100V to a
point at potential of 50V. What would be the By comparing (i) & (ii)
energy supplied by the charge? =
Given data:
V2 =
Charge = q = 2C
Potential = VA = 100V V2 =
Potential = VB = 50V V2 = 400 V
To find:
Q.No:- 13.9. Two capacitors of capacitance 6F
Energy supplied by charge = E = ?
and 12F are connected in series with 12V
Solution: As we know
battery. Find the equivalent capacitance of the
Energy supplied by charge = E = q (VA – VB)
combination. Find the charge and the potential
E = 2 (100 – 50)
difference across each capacitor.
E = 2 (50)
Given data: For series combination
E = 100 J
Capacitance = C1 = 6F = 6 x F
Capacitance = C2 = 12F = 12 x F
 Voltage = V = 12V (iii) Q2 =?
To find: (iv) V =?
(i) Ce =? Solution: As we know
(ii) V1 =? (i) Ce = C1 + C2
(iii) V2 =? Ce = 6 x + 12 x
(iv) Q =? Ce = (6 + 12)
Solution: As we know Ce = (18)
(i) Ce = 18 x F
Ce = 18 F
(ii) Q1 = C1V
Q1 = (6 x ) x 12
Q1 = 72 x C
Q1 = 72 C
(iii) Q2 = C2V
Q2 = (12x ) x 12
Q2 = 144 x C
Q2 = 144 C
For parallel combination voltage across
4 F each capacitor is always equal to battery
4F voltage so,
 V1 = V2 = V = 12V
 4 
 4
48 C
48C
(iii) 


8V

4V
Q.No:-13.10. Two capacitors of capacitance 6F
and 12F are connected in parallel with a 12 V
Written By: M.SARFRAZ
battery. Find the equivalent capacitance of the
combination. Find the charge and the potential M.Phil (PHYSICS)
difference across each capacitor. SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
Given data: For parallel combination Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri
Capacitance,C1 =6 F = 5 x F
NEW TALENT SCIENCE
Capacitance,C2 =12 F = 12 x F
ACADEMY MAINGRI
Potential, V = 12 V
To find: M.D AHSAN RIAZ
(i) Ce =? Mob: 0301-5324223
(ii) Q1 =?
 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Chapter No. 14
Q.No:-14.1. A current 3mA is flowing through a Given data:
wire for 1 minute. What is the charge flowing Resistance = R = 10MΩ
through the wire? Resistance = R = 10 x 106Ω
Given Data: Potential = V = 100V
Current = I = 3mA To find:
Current = I = 3 x 10-3A Current = I =?
Time = t = 1min = 60sec Solution: As we know
To find: V = IR
Charge = Q =? I=
Solution: As we know I=
I=
I=
Q = It
Q = 3 x 10-3 x 60 I=
Q = 180 x 10-3 C I=
Q.No:-14.2. At 100,000 Ω, how much current I=
flows through your body if you touch the I= A
terminals of a 12 V battery? If your skin is wet, so I= A
that your resistance is only 1000 Ω, how much I= A
current would you receive from the same battery?
I = 0.01 mA
Given data:
Q.No:- 4. By applying a potential difference of 10
Resistance, R1 = 100,000 Ω
V across a conductor a current of 1.5 A passes
Resistance, R2 = 100,000 Ω
through it. How much energy would be obtained
Potential difference, V = 12 V
from the current in 2 minutes?
To find:
(i) Current through R1 = I1 =? Given data:
(ii) Current through R2 = I2 =? Current = I = 1.5 A
Solution: As we know Potential difference = V = 1.5 V
Time = t = 2 mints = 120 s
I=
To find:
(i) I1 = (i) Resistance = R =?
(ii) Energy = W=?
I1 =
Solution: As we know
I1 = (i) R =
I1 = 12 x 10-5 A
R=
I1 = 1.2 x 10-4 A
R = 6.67 Ω
(ii) I2 =
(ii) W = I2 R t
I2 = W = (1.5)2 x 6.67 x 120
W = 2.25 x 6.67 x 120
I2 =
W = 1800 J
I2= 12 x 10-3 A Q.No:-14.5. Two resistances of 2 kΩ and 8 kΩ and
I2 = 1.2 x 10-2 A joined in series. If a 10 V battery is connected
Q.No:- 3. The resistance of a conductor wire is across the ends of this combination find the
10MΩ. If a potential of 100 volt is applied across following quantities.
its ends, then find the current passing through it (a)The equivalent resistance of series combination
in mA. (b) Current passing through each of the
resistances.
(c) The potential difference across each resistance. Resistance = R2 = 12 kΩ
Given Data: For series combination Resistance = R2 = 12 x 103Ω
Resistance = R1 = 2K Ω V=6V
Resistance = R1 = 2 x 103Ω To find:
Resistance = R2 = 8K Ω (a) Re=?
Resistance = R2 = 8 x 103Ω (b) I1 =? , I2 =?
Potential difference = V = 10 V (c) V1=? , V2 =?
To find: Solution: As we know
(a) Re= ? (a)
(b) I1 =? , I2 =?
(c) V1=? , V2=?
Solution: As we know
(a) Re = R 1 + R2
Re = 2 x 103 + 8 x 103
Re = 103 (2+ 8)
Re = 10 x103 Ω
Re = 10 kΩ
(b) V = IRe
I=
I=
Ω
I= 1x
Ω
I = 1 mA
(b) V = IR
Since the combination is series. So, I1 = I2 = I = 1mA
(c) (i) V1 = IR1 I1 =
V1 = 1 x x2x I1 =
V1 = 2 x
I1 = 1 x
V1 = 2 x
I1 = 1m
V1 = 2 x 1
I2 =
V1 = 2 V
(ii) V2 = IR2 I2 =
V2 = 1 x x8x
I2 = x 10-3
V2 = 8 x
V2 = 8 x I2 = 0.5 x 10-3 A
V2 = 8 x 1 I2 = 0.5 mA
V2 = 8 V (c) As the potential difference in parallel
Q.No:-14.6. Two resistances of 6 kΩ and 12 kΩ and
combination of resistance is equal to the potential of
battery so,
joined in parallel. If a 6 V battery is connected
V = 6V
across the ends of this combination, find the
following quantities. Hence V1 = V2 = V = 6 V
(a) The equivalent resistance of parallel Q.No:- 7. An electric bulb is marked with 220 V,
combination. 100 W. Find the resistance of the filament of the
(b) Current passing through each of the bulb. If the bulb is used 5 hours daily, find the
resistances. energy in kilowatt-hour consumed by the bulb in
(c) The potential difference across each resistance. one month (30 days).
Given Data: Given Data:
Resistance = R1 = 6 kΩ Potential difference = V = 220 V
Resistance = R1 = 6 x 103Ω Power = P = 100 W
 Time = t = 5 hours x 30 (a) Given Data:
Time = t = 150 hours Number of bulbs = 10
To Find: Power of one bulb = P = 60 W
(i) Resistance = R =? Power of ten bulbs = P = 60 x 10 = 600 W
(ii) Energy = W=? Time = t = 5 hours
Solution: As we know Number of days = 30 days
(i) P= Total time = t = 30 x 5 = 150 hours
Solution: As we know
R=
Number of units consumed by bulb =
R= Number of units consumed by bulb =
R= Number of units consumed by bulb =
R = 484 Ω Number of units consumed by bulb = 90 kWh
(ii) Power in kWh = P = (b) Given Data:
Number of fans =4
Power in kWh = P =
Power of one fan = P = 75 W
Power in kWh = P = Power of four fans = P = 75 x 4 = 300 W
Power in kWh = P = 15 kWh Time = t = 10 hours
Q.No:- 8. An incandescent light bulb with an Number of days = 30 days
operating resistance of 95 Ω is labeled “150 W”. Is Total time = t = 30 x 10 = 300
this bulb is designed for use in 120 V circuit or a hours
220 V circuit? As we know
Given Data: Number of units consumed by fans =
Resistance = R = 95 Ω Number of units consumed by fans =
Power = P =150 W
To Find: Number of units consumed by fans =
Potential = V =? Number of units consumed by fans = 90 kWh
Solution: As we know (c) Given Data:
Number of T.V =1
P=
Power of T.V = P = 250 W
V2 = P x R Time = t = 2 hours
V2 = 150 x 95 Number of days = 30 days
V2 = 14250 Total time = t = 30 x 2 = 60 hours
√ =√ As we know
V = 119.3733 V
Number of units consumed by T.V =
So, the bulb is designed for 120 V
.Q.No:- 9. A house is installed with: Number of units consumed by T.V =
(a) 10 bulbs of 60 W each of which are used 5 Number of units consumed by T.V =
hours daily. Number of units consumed by T.V = 15 kWh
(b) 4 fans of 75 W each of which run 10 hours (d) Given Data:
daily. Number of iron =1
(c) One T.V of 250 W which is used for 2 Power of iron = P = 1000 W
hours daily. Time = t = 2 hours
(d) One electric iron of 1000 W which is used Number of days = 30 days
for 2 hours daily. Total time = t = 30 x 2 = 60 hours
If the cost of one unit of electricity is Rs. 4. As we know
Find the monthly expenditure of
Number of units consumed by iron =
electricity. (one month = 30 days)
Number of units consumed by iron = wire of negligible resistance. A current of 0.5 A
passes through the resistor. Calculate:
Number of units consumed by iron =
(a) Power dissipated in the resistor.
Number of units consumed by iron = 60 kWh (b) Total power produced by the battery.
Total number of units = 90 + 90 + 15 + 60 (c) Give the reason of difference between these
Total number of units = 255 units two quantities.
Cost of one unit = Rs. 4/- Given Data:
Total cost of electricity = 255 x 4 Resistance = R = 5.6 Ω
Total cost of electricity = Rs.1020/- Potential difference = V = 3 V
Q.No:- 10. A 100 W lamp bulb and a 4 kW water Current = I = 0.5 A
heater are connected to a 250 V supply. Calculate: To Find:
(a) The current which flows in each appliance. (a) Power dissipation = Pd =?
(b) The resistance of each appliance when in (b) Power produced = P =?
use. (c) Reason = ?
Given Data: (a) Solution: As we know
Power of bulb = P1 = 100 W Pd = I2 R
Power of heater = P2 = 4 kW = 4000 W Pd = (0.5)2 x 5.6
Potential difference = V = 250 V Pd = 0.25 x 5.6
To find: Pd = 1.4 W
(a) Current through bulb = I1 =? (b) As we know:
Current through heater = I2 =? P=VI
(b) Resistance of bulb = R1=? P = 3 x 0.5
Resistance of heater = R2 =? P = 1.5 W
(c) Reason:
(a) Solution: As we know
The difference between Pd and P is due to the
P=VxI
internal resistance of the battery.
I1 =
I1 =
I1 = 0.4 A
Also we know
I2 =
I2 =
I2 = 16 A
As
V=IxR
R1 =
Written By: M.SARFRAZ
R1 =
M.Phil (PHYSICS)
R1 = 625 Ω
SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
Also
Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri
R2 =
NEW TALENT SCIENCE
R2 = ACADEMY MAINGRI
R1 = 15.6 Ω M.D AHSAN RIAZ
Q.No:- 11. A resistor of resistance 5.6 Ω is
Mob: 0301-5324223
connected across a battery of 3.0 V by means of
 ELECTROMAGNETISM
Chapter No. 15
Q.No:-15.1. A transformer is needed to convert Is =?
a mains 240 V supply into a 12 V supply. If there Solution: As we know
are 2000 turns on the primary coil, then find the
number of turns on the secondary coil.
Given Data: Vs
Vp = 240 V Vs
Vs = 12 V
Vs 1.7 V
Np = 2000
Is Vs = Ip Vp
To Find:
Ns =? =
Solution: As we know =
= x
Ns Is = 100 x 10-3 A
Ns = A
= 0.1 A
Ns
Q.No:-15.4. A transformer, designed to convert
Ns = 100 turns
the voltage from 240 V a.c. mains to 12 V, has
Q.No:-15.2. A step-up transformer has turn 4000 turns on the primary coil. How many turns
ratio 1 : 100. An alternating supply of 20 V is should be on the secondary coil? If the
connected across the primary coil. What is the transformer were 100 % efficient, what current
secondary voltage? would flow through primary coil when the
Given Data: For step up transformer current in the secondary coil was 0.4 A?
Vp = 20 V (i) Given Data:
Ns = 100 Vp = 240 V
Np = 1 Vs = 12 V
To Find: Np = 4000
Vs =? Is = 0.4 A
Solution: As we know To Find:
Ns =?
Ip =?
Vs
Solution: As we know
Vs
Vs = 2000 V
Q.No:-15.3. A step-down transformer has turn Ns
ratio 1 : 100. An alternating supply of amplitude
Ns
170 V is applied the primary. If the current in the
primary is 1.0 mA, what is the current in the Ns
secondary? Ns = 200
Given Data: For step down transformer As transformer is 100 % efficient so
Ip = 1 mA = 1 x 10-3 A Input power of the primary = out power of the secondary
Np = 100 Ip Vp = Is Vs
Ns = 1 =
Vp = 170 V
To Find: =
 =
Ip = 0.02 A
Q.No:-15.5. A power station generates 500 MW
of electrical power which is fed to a transmission
line. What current would flow in the transmission
line, if the input voltages 250 kV?
Given Data:
P = 500 MW
P = 500 x 106 W
V = 250 kV
V = 250 x 103 V
To Find:
I =?
Solution: As we know
P=VI
I=

I=
I= x 106-3
I = 2 x 103 A

Written By: M.SARFRAZ

M.Phil (PHYSICS)
SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri
NEW TALENT SCIENCE
ACADEMY MAINGRI
M.D AHSAN RIAZ
Mob: 0301-5324223
 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Chapter No. 18
Q.No:-18.1 The half-life of is 7.3 s. A sample Q.No:-18.3. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730
of this nuclide of nitrogen is observed for 29.2s. years. How long will it take for the quantity of
Calculate the fraction of the original radioactive carbon-14 in a sample to drop to one-eighth of the
isotope remaining after this time. initial quantity?
Given Data: Given Data:
Total time = t = 29.2 s Fraction = =
Half-life time = ⁄ = 7.3 s
Half-life time = ⁄ = 5730 years
To find:
To find:
Fraction = =? Total time = t =?
Solution: As we know Solution: As we know
N = N0 x ………… (i) = ………….. (i)
Also we know = ………….... (ii) (given)
n= By comparing (i) and (ii)
⁄

n= =
n=4 =
Putting values in eq. (i)
N = N0 x So n = 3
As
N = N0 x
n=
⁄
t=n ⁄
So,
t = 3 x 5730
Fraction = t = 17190 years
Q.No:-18.2. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive element t = 1.719 x 104
with half-life of 5.25 years. What fraction of the t = 1.72 x 104 years
original sample will be left after 26 years? Q.No:-18.4. Technetium-99m is a radioactive
Given Data: element and is used to diagnose brain, thyroid,
Total time = t = 26 years liver and kidney diseases. This element has half-
Half-life time = ⁄ = 5.25 years life of 6 hours. If there is 200 mg of this
To find: technetium present, how much will be left in 36
Fraction = =? hours?
Solution: As we know Given Data:
Original amount = N0 = 200 mg
N = N0 x ………… (i)
Half-life time = ⁄ = 6 hours
Also we know
Total time = t = 36 hours
n= To find:
⁄
Remaining amount = N =?
n=
Solution: As we know
n=5 N = N0 x ………… (i)
Putting values in eq. (i)
For this first we calculate „n‟.
N = N0 x
As n=
N = N0 x ⁄

N = N0 x n=
n=6
Putting values in eq. (i)
So, N = 200 x
Fraction =
 N=
N = 3.125 mg
Q.No:-18.5. Half-life of a radioactive element is
10 minutes. If the initial count rate is 368 counts
per minute, find the time for which count rate
reaches 23 counts per minute.
Given Data:
Half-life time = ⁄ = 10 minutes
Initial count rate = 368 count per minute
To find:
Time for count rate 23 = t =?
Solution: As we know

As clear from above, it takes 4 half-lives for the

count rate 23 per min.
So n=
⁄

t=4 ⁄
t = 4 x 10
t = 40 mins
Q.No:-18.9. Ashes from a campfire deep in a
cave show carbon-14 activity of only one-eighth
the activity of fresh wood. How long ago was that
campfire made?
Given Data:
Fraction =
Half-life time = ⁄ = 5730 years
To find:
Total time = t =?
Solution: As we know
= ………….. (i)
= ………….... (ii) (given) Written By: M.SARFRAZ
By comparing (i) and (ii) M.Phil (PHYSICS)
= SST (PHYSICS/ MATH)
= Govt. G.D Islamia H/S/S Maingri

So n = 3 NEW TALENT SCIENCE

As ACADEMY MAINGRI
n= M.D AHSAN RIAZ
⁄
t=n ⁄ Mob: 0301-5324223
t = 3 x 5730 years
t = 17190 years

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