This table outlines 4 levels of quantitative description in data analysis:
1) Nominal level involves simple classification of data into categories without numerical values.
2) Ordinal level ranks data but differences in rankings are unknown.
3) Interval level measures equal differences between scores on measured scales without a true zero point.
4) Ratio level measures equal intervals and has a true zero point, allowing comparisons of ratios.
This table outlines 4 levels of quantitative description in data analysis:
1) Nominal level involves simple classification of data into categories without numerical values.
2) Ordinal level ranks data but differences in rankings are unknown.
3) Interval level measures equal differences between scores on measured scales without a true zero point.
4) Ratio level measures equal intervals and has a true zero point, allowing comparisons of ratios.
This table outlines 4 levels of quantitative description in data analysis:
1) Nominal level involves simple classification of data into categories without numerical values.
2) Ordinal level ranks data but differences in rankings are unknown.
3) Interval level measures equal differences between scores on measured scales without a true zero point.
4) Ratio level measures equal intervals and has a true zero point, allowing comparisons of ratios.
This table outlines 4 levels of quantitative description in data analysis:
1) Nominal level involves simple classification of data into categories without numerical values.
2) Ordinal level ranks data but differences in rankings are unknown.
3) Interval level measures equal differences between scores on measured scales without a true zero point.
4) Ratio level measures equal intervals and has a true zero point, allowing comparisons of ratios.
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TABLE 10-1 : LEVELS OF QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION
LEVEL SCALE PROCESS DATA TREATMENT SOME APPROPRIATE TEST
4 Ratio Measured equal Parametric t-test Numbers are used to measuring equal intervals A population’s analysis of variance intervals True zero ratio characteristics analysis of covariance relationship Numerical / graphic factor analysis Examples: TECHNIQUE OF DESCRIBING DATA Pearson’s r Height, Weight – USING PICTURES 3 Interval Measured equal The mean is used to Assumes that equal differences between intervals FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION measure central tendencies scores really mean equal differences in the No true Zero TABLE variable measured Examples: HISTOGRAM All scores are interval data Test scores, motivational POLYGON FREQUENCY Number 0 exist, but the concept of zero scores. SCATTER DIAGRAM does not exist. REGRESSION LINE Quantitative /Continuous Data
2 Ordinal Ranked in order Nonparametric Spearman’s rho (p)
Numbers are used to rank from high to low Examples: TECHNIQUE OF DESCRIBING DATA Mann-Whitney Ranking differences are not the same Service Quality Rating – USING PICTURES Wilcoxon Indicates relative standing NOMINAL OR ORDINAL DATA The median is used to Ranking is important than scores FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION measure central tendencies TABLE BAR CHART PIE CHART 1 Nominal Classified and counted Chi-square CONTINGENCY TABLE Simplest form of measurement Examples: Median Involves group, categories, and labels data Marital status, types of Sign Qualitative / Categorical data only car owned. Mode is used to measure central tendencies
