Chemistry Project

IDELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL KALINGA
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT 2022-23
Effect of MetalCoupling on Rusting of Iron

(For The Partial Fulfillment of AISSCE (2022-23) 0f CBSE, New Delhi)
Guided By: -
iSubmitted by:- Ramanuj Bhattacharyya
12 64 88 25 ) Mrs Supriya Satpathy
AISSCE RollNo: -
2) Mr Rajendra Kumar Saha
3) M. Surendra
CERTIFICATE
SEFORE
JSERVICE
SELF
PUBLIG
This is to certify that Mr. Ramanuj Bhattacharyya of Class- XIl Science bearing the
AISSCE CBSE Roll No:- 12 6 4 22 25 has prepared and submitted this
investigatory project entitled " Effect of metal coupling on rusting of iron" in
partial fulfillment of AISSCE, 2022-23 CBSE, NEW DELHI under my personal
guidance
and supervision.
Iwish him/her success in life.
Date: 03- O). 2023
Counter Signature of Principal. Signature of the Guide Teacher

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Itake this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those who have
helped me in
completing the project entitled "Effect of metal coupling on rusting of iron" for the
Dartial fulfillment of "All India Secondary School Examination 2022-23".
Iam extremely thankful to my principal Mrs. Anuradha Rakshit for her willing
help
ond valuable guidance.
Ithank my teachers Ms. Supriya Satpathy, and Mr. Rajendra Kumar Saha for their
quidance and constant encouragement and critical analysis.
lextend my thanks to our Lab Assistant Mr. Nursingha Charan Ray for his patience
and help. Ithank my family members and friends for their kind cooperation.
At last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving this opportunity to
undertake thisproject.
Submitted by: Romanvy Bhatocharyya

AISSCE Roll no: - 1464 38 25
REE
INDEX
> Introduction
>Mechanism of Rusting
> Prevention of Rusting
> Aim of the Experiment
> Requirements
>Procedure
> Observation
ºConclusion
ºBibliography
EEL
INTRODUCTION
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of
materials (usually metals) by chemical
reaction with its environment.
Rust is another name for iron oxide,

which occurs when iron or an alloy that
contain iron, like steel, is exposed to
Oxygen and moisture for a long period of
time. Over time, the oxygen combines
with the metal at an atomic level,
forming a new compound called an oxide and weakening the bonds of the metal
itself. Although some people refer to rust generally as "oxidation", that term is
much more general; although rust forms when iron undergoes oxidation, not all
Oxidation forms rust. Only iron or alloys that contain iron can rust, but other
metals can corrode in similar ways.
The main catalyst for the rusting process is water other elements to fom acids,
which will eventually cause more metal to be exposed. If chloride ions are
present, as is the case with saltwater, the corrosion. Iron or steel structures
might appear to be solid, but water molecules can penetrate the microscopic pits
and cracks in any exposed metal. The hydrogen atoms present in water
molecules can combine with is likely to occur more quickly. Meanwhile, the
Oxygen atoms combine with metallic atoms to form the destructive oxide
compound. As the atoms combine, they weaken the metal, making the structure
brittle.
When impure (cast) iron is in contact with water, Oxygen, other strong oxidants,
or acids, it rusts. Iron metal is relatively unaffected by pure water or by dry
Oxygen. As with other metals, like aluminium, a tightly adhering oxide coating,
a passivation layer, protects the bulk iron from further oxidation. The
conversion of the passivating ferrous oxide layer to rust results from the
combined action of two agents, usually oxygen and water.
MECHANISM OF RUSTING
Whena piece of iron metal is exposed to humid atmosphere, it gets
covered with a red brown coat called rust. The rusting of iron is an
dectrochemical process that begins with the transfer of electrons from
iron to 0Xygen.
The iron is the reducing agent (gives up electrons)
electrons). Rusting of
while the oxygen is the oxidizing agent (gains THEORY as
inon can be explained based on ELECTROCHEMICAL
follows:
the metal dissolved carbon
) Water vapors on the surface of of metal is
dioxide and oxygen from. air. Thus,the surface i.e.,
water,
covered with the solution of carbon dioxide and
carbonic acid:
H,0+CO, ’H,CO;
electrolytic solution of the cell. The carbonic

This acts as an smallextent as follows:
acid and water dissociate to a
H,CO; ’ 2H* +CO3

H,0 ’ Ht+OH
dissolved CO2 and O2 undergoes
)Iron in contact with the
0xidation as follows:
Fe -’ Fe2t + 2e
convertedinto ferrous (Fe)ion.
As a result, iron is
The electrons lost by iron are taken up by the H* ions present on
the surface of metal which were produced by dissociation of
HCO;and H,0. Thus H ions are converted into Hatoms.
Hte’H
Thus, H atoms either react with the dissolved oxygen or Oxygen

from air to form water.
4H+O2 ’2H,0
The complete reaction may be written as

O+ 4e+2H,0 ’ 40H
4) The ferrous ions formed react with the dissolved oxygen or

OXygen from air to form ferric oxide as follows:
4Fet+ O,+ 4H,0 ’2Fe,O; +8H
Ferricoxide then undergoes hydration to form rust as follows:
FeO,+ 4H0 ’ Fez0; xH,0(Hydrated ferric oxide-RUST)
The rust formed does not stick to the iron surface. It peels off
and makes fresh iron surface available for rusting.
water Fe2
H,O
rust
cathodic
site
anodic
site
ron tin
PREVENTION
Some of the methods used tO prevent corrosion and rusting are:
1. Barrier Protection: In this method, a barrier film is introduced
between iron surface and atmospheric air. The film is obtained
by painting, varnishing, etc.
RUST
2. Galvanization:The metallic iron is
covered by a layer of more reactive
metal such as zinc. The active
metal loses electrons in preference
over iron. Thus, protecting from
rusting and corrosion.
3. Cathodic Protection: Cathodic protection is a technique used to

inhibit corrosion on buried or immersed structures by supplying
an electrical charge that suppresses the electrochemical
reaction. If correctly applied, corrosion can be stopped
completely. In its simplest form, it is achieved by attaching a
sacrificialanode, thereby making the iron or steel the cathode in
the cell formed. The sacrificial anode must be made from
something with a more negative electrode potential than the
iron or steel, commonly zinc, aluminium, or magnesium. The
sacrificial anode will eventually corrode away, ceasing its
protective action unless it is replaced in a timely manner.
4, Bluing: It is a
technique that can
rusting for small items, such as provide limited resistance to
water-displacing oilis rubbed onfirearms. For it to be successful,
to the blued steel.
5. Humidity: After mcthod to avoid rust is to
environment. Controlling the control the
humidity, if possible, below a
certain threshold can reduce or stop the corrosion process.
EXPERIMENT
ALM:
In this project the aim is to investigate the effect of metals coupling

nthe rusting of iron. Metal coupling affects the rusting of iron. If the
nail coupledwith a more electropositive metal like zinc, magnesium
or aluminium rusting is prevented but if on the other hand, it is
coupled with less electropositive metals like copper, the rusting is
facilitated.
REQUIREMENTS:
" Two Petri dishes

" Four test tubes
" Four iron nails
Beaker
Sandpaper
Wire gauge
" Gelatin
Copper, zinc &magnesium strips
" Potassium ferricyanide solution
Phenolphthalein
PROCEDURE:
1At first,we must clean the surface of iron nails with the help of
sandpaper.
2 After that we must wind zinc strip around one nail, a clean
copper wire around the second and a clean magnesium strip
around the third nail. Then all these three and a fourth nail was
put in Petri dishes so that they are not in contact with each other.
3. Then the Petri dishes were filled with hot
agar-agar solution in
such a way that only lower half of the nails are covered with the
liquids. Petri dishes were kept covered for one day.
4. The liquid was set to a gel on cooling. Two types of
patches
were observed around the rusted nail, one is blue and the other
is pink. Blue patch is due to the formation of
potassium ferro
ferricyanide where pink patch is due to the formation of
hydroxyl ions which turns colourless phenolphthalein to pink.
OBSERVATION
SI. No. Metal Pair Color of the Patch Nails Rusts or not
1. Iron -Zinc No change No

Iron -
2. Pink Yes
Magnesium
Iron -
3. Blue Yes
Copper
4. Iron Nail No change INo
CONCLUSION:
It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with

electropositive metals such as zinc and magnesium resists corrosion
and rusting of iron. Coupling of iron with less electropositive metals
such as copper increases rusting.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
For this project I have taken help from the
following sources:
> Comprehensive (Practical chemistry -XII)
https://www.google.co.in
> https://en.wikipedia.orgwiki/Rust
NCERT Chemistry Textbook

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IDELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL KALINGA

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT 2022-23

Effect of MetalCoupling on Rusting of Iron

Counter Signature of Principal. Signature of the Guide Teacher

Submitted by: Romanvy Bhatocharyya

Rust is another name for iron oxide,

electrolytic solution of the cell. The carbonic

H,CO; ’ 2H* +CO3

Thus, H atoms either react with the dissolved oxygen or Oxygen

The complete reaction may be written as

4) The ferrous ions formed react with the dissolved oxygen or

4Fet+ O,+ 4H,0 ’2Fe,O; +8H

Ferricoxide then undergoes hydration to form rust as follows:

FeO,+ 4H0 ’ Fez0; xH,0(Hydrated ferric oxide-RUST)

3. Cathodic Protection: Cathodic protection is a technique used to

In this project the aim is to investigate the effect of metals coupling

" Two Petri dishes

1. Iron -Zinc No change No

It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with

You might also like