This document discusses how society is organized through social institutions and structures. It explains that society persists due to basic social institutions like government, family, education, religion, and culture that help meet societies basic needs. These institutions along with social structures like social class, status, roles, and groups guide peoples behaviors and create social integration. Emile Durkheim argued this social integration and regulation through shared values and social bonds is what holds society together.
This document discusses how society is organized through social institutions and structures. It explains that society persists due to basic social institutions like government, family, education, religion, and culture that help meet societies basic needs. These institutions along with social structures like social class, status, roles, and groups guide peoples behaviors and create social integration. Emile Durkheim argued this social integration and regulation through shared values and social bonds is what holds society together.
This document discusses how society is organized through social institutions and structures. It explains that society persists due to basic social institutions like government, family, education, religion, and culture that help meet societies basic needs. These institutions along with social structures like social class, status, roles, and groups guide peoples behaviors and create social integration. Emile Durkheim argued this social integration and regulation through shared values and social bonds is what holds society together.
This document discusses how society is organized through social institutions and structures. It explains that society persists due to basic social institutions like government, family, education, religion, and culture that help meet societies basic needs. These institutions along with social structures like social class, status, roles, and groups guide peoples behaviors and create social integration. Emile Durkheim argued this social integration and regulation through shared values and social bonds is what holds society together.
Angelica T. Lazaro Department of Sociology and Anthropology College of Social Sciences and Development What is Society • Society refers to a group of people, bounded by a territory and shares the same culture. (Lanuza and Raymundo, 2016:29; Henslin, 2006:2) • How society reproduce itself given that there are various cultures exist? With all the implications and conflict of differences on politics, culture and language, the society persist even up to now. • This is because of the basic social institutions that it has: the government, family, education, religion, and culture. These institutions help society to meet its basic needs to go on. • Emile Durkheim said society is sui generis (unique) “cannot be reduced to individual aggregates or parts” (Lanuza and Raymundo, 2016:29). Social Facts • It is about everything that two or more people shared, and these are language, space, culture, beliefs, and others. • These realities or instances have impact on our consciousness or the way we act. • Social facts are external from us, meaning we did not really make it on ourselves, and although it is external, it has the potential to have an impact to us. Ex. Philippine culture of Utang na Loob Structural Functionalism • Think of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival. This view is the functionalist perspective , which emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability (Schaefer, 2013). • Durkheim perceived society is an organism that is composed of parts. With each part performing its sole function, society will persist. • This goes the same for social institutions that help the society meets its basic needs, the society will reproduce. How Societies Persist
Louis Althusser, Ideological State Apparatus
Ideological State Repressive State Apparatus Apparatus Institutions that are created Institutions that are coercive and used by society to that us physical force to mold its members to share make members conform to the same values and beliefs the laws and norms (Lanuza (Lanuza and Raymundo, and Raymundo, 2016:32). 2016:32). Talcott Parsons associated with structural functionalism; social reproduction is carried out through four functional prerequisites which main goal is to maintain a state of equilibrium
Adaptation Goal Attainment Integration Latency
Organism Personality Society Culture
Economic System Political System Societal Fiduciary System Community The capacity of Capability to set Harmonization of Society is able to society to take goals and mobilize the entire society constantly resources from the resources and to achieve produce and society and energies consensus socialize actors distribute them necessary to who will follow accordingly achieve the goals the norms and forth by society roles given to them by society. What is Social Groups?
Consists of individuals who GROUP
temporarily share the same Consists of people who share physical space but who do not similar characteristics. see themselves as belongings together.
aggregate category Primary Groups & Secondary Groups
Primary Groups a group characterized by intimate, long term, face to face association and cooperation.
Secondary Groups a more larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or activity, whose members are likely to interact on the basis of specific roles. In Groups and Out Groups
•In Groups – groups toward which one
feels loyalty.
•Out Groups – groups toward which one
feels antagonism. Social Reference & Social Network
Reference group the groups we refer to when we evaluate ourselves.
Social Network the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together What holds Society Together? What is Social Structure?
Refers to the typical patterns of a
group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers. The sociological significance of social structure is that it guides our behavior Major components of Social Structure
gesture & etc. • Social Class – a large group of people who rank close to one another in wealth, power and prestige. • Social Status – social ranking; the position that someone occupies in society or a social group. • Roles – the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status were already set up for you. • Groups – consists of people who regularly interact with one another. Sharing similar values, norms and expectations. Major components of Social Structure
• Social Institutions – the ways that each society develops to
meet its basic needs vitally affect our life.
➢Family ➢Medicine ➢Religion ➢Law ➢Education ➢Science ➢Economics ➢Military ➢Government/Political ➢Mass Media What Holds Society Together?
Emile Durkheim (1893/1933) was interested in
how societies manage to create social integration— their members united by shared values and other social bonds. Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Mechanical Solidarity People who perform similar tasks develop a shared way of viewing life. Organic Solidarity The interdependence that results from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs
Division of Labor the splitting of a group’s or a
society’s tasks into specialties Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Mechanical Solidarity Ferdinand Tonnies term Gemeinschaft (or intimate community) The degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds. a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness.
Organic Solidarity Ferdinand Tonnies term Gesellschaft (or impersonal association) a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest. Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Gemeinschaft & Gesellschaft SUICIDE: The four types of Suicide by Emile Durkheim
• Durkheim’s theory of suicide can be seen more clearly if
we examine the relation between the types of suicide and his two underlying social facts—integration and regulation. • Integration refers to the strength of the attachment that we have to society. • Regulation refers to the degree of external constraint on people. Four types of Suicide
Egoistic Suicide (Low Integration)
are likely to be found in societies or groups in which the individual is not well integrated into the larger social unit. Altruistic Suicide (High Integration) More likely to occur when “social integration is too strong”. The individual is literally forced into committing suicide. Anomic Suicide (Low Regulation) More likely to occur when the regulative powers of society are disrupted. Fatalistic Suicide (High Regulation) More likely to occur when regulation is excessive. Group Dynamics The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals
Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy
Georg Simmel analyzed how group size affects people’s behavior.
• Dyad - the smallest possible group,
consisting of two persons • Triad - a group of three people • Coalition - the alignment of some members of a group against others Group Dynamics END THANK YOU! References
• Henslin, James M. Essentials of Sociology: a down-to-Earth Approach.
Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, 2006. • Lanuza, Gerry M. & Raymundo, Sarah S. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Rex Book Store, 2016. • Ritzer, George. Sociological Theory, Eighth Edition. Mc Graw Hill, 2011
