CERTIFICATE IN HEALTH SCIENCE /

LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION &

SAFETY / CHLI 3113 / SEMESTER 1

NAME: MOHAMMAD NORHAFIZ BIN

NORIMAN

INTAKE: 02/2023

TITLE LAB REPORT: MICROSCOPE

LECTURE’S NAME: MS. NAQIUYAH TAN

FARRIZA
 PRACTICAL 3

Title: MICROSCOPE

Aim: To familiarize, with the usage and care of microscope in the laboratory.

Introduction:

The microscope is a valuable instrument and an amazing invention; able to observe

specimens to the tiniest degree. No matter how small, we are able to view an endless amount of life
forms, all because of microscopic technology. It is used in many departments in the clinical
laboratory. A large clinical laboratory will usually have several bright-field microscope and also may
have phase-contrast and epi-fluorescent microscopes. Electron microscopes are used primarily in
research.

Urine sediments, stained blood smears, and bacterial stains are evaluated using microscope.
Specialized tests such as fluorescent antibody techniques also can require microscope use.
Microscopists must become skilled in the proper operation of the microscope. Because microscopes
are expensive, precision instruments, the technician must use the microscope with care, maintain
the microscope in good working order, and be sure that is cleaned and stored properly after each
use. Much practice is required to become a competent microscopist.
Material:

1) Microscope
2) 70% Alcohol
3) Lens paper
4) Oil immersion
5) Slide
6) Coverslip
7) Prepared slide

Procedure:

1) Turn on the power at the wall and the power switch on the microscope.

NB: The microscope should be set up in a laboratory area but away from wet areas such as
sinks and staining materials. Comfortable seat positioning and lighting are important, especially
if you are going to be using the microscope to examine many slides.

2) Ensure the light beam diaphragm is opened.

Tip: If you are using the microscope and the illumination is low (dark) check the light beam
diaphragm is not partially or completely closed.
3) Start with the light setting at low to medium.

4) Depending on the sample being examined, the condenser may need to be adjusted. For
example, some larger objects are better viewed under lower light with the condenser down to
give better definition. Whereas when using oil immersion increased light and a raised condenser
improve the visibility of small structures.

5) Secure the slide using the arms on the microscope stage.

6) When starting to examine a slide, select the low powered (X4) objective lens first.
7) Your eye level should be just above the eye pieces. Then look down the eye pieces and gently
slide them together until you see a single image.

NB: The eyepieces can be adjusted by rotating them, which allows you to focus the image for
your eyes.

8) Locate an area of the slide that includes part of the sample and/or has uptake of the stain. To
bring the slide into focus rotate the coarse focus slowly until the sample can be visualised clearly.

Scan the slide systematically in parallel rows starting at one corner and working to a pattern.
Example pattern below:
9) Once an area of interest has been identified, rotate through the objective lenses to a higher
power. If the sample was in focus at low power, it should remain in focus at the higher power.
However, it is often necessary to adjust the focus slightly using the fine focus.

10) The image above shows the vernier scales, which are on two axes of the stage. The scales can
be used to record a position of interest e.g. to enable a colleague to examine the same point on
the slide.

11) The oil immersion lens (and oil) is required to look at cell detail or bacteria. When using the oil
immersion lens turn up the light source to the highest value to provide better visibility and raise
the condenser (a bright spot of light is then visible directly under the slide).
12) Rotate the objective lenses slightly leaving a space to add a drop of immersion oil to the slide,
directly over the spot of light.

13) Move the oil immersion lens into place, taking care that it does not come into contact with the
slide. If focus has been achieved at lower powered objectives, the oil immersion lens should
slide into place without a problem. Any further adjustments should be done via the fine focus.

14) Look down the eyepieces and use the fine focus to bring the image into focus.

N.B. Another option whenchanging to the oil immersion objective:

From the lower power lens position, lower the stage and add a drop of oil to the slide, directly
over the spot of light. Then rotate the oil immersion lens into position and slowly raise the stage
to the lens. Watch from the side until the drop of oil is seen engaging with the lens.
 Then use the fine focus to adjust.

15) Once the examination is completed, remove the slide and clean the oil from the immersion lens.
Only use lens tissue on microscope objectives.

N.B. If oil is left on the lens it can damage the lens by making it very difficult to remove and will
make visibility impaired.
Resetting the station:
1) Dispose of all glass in the sharps bin and all other waste in the clinical waste bin. Ensure all
areas are clean and tidy.

2) Set the light to low power.

3) Lower the condenser away from the stage and objectives.

4) Rotate the course focus control to lower the stage away from the objectives.
5) Wipe clean any objectives that have been used with lens tissue. Make sure you clean the oil
lens last to avoid any contamination.

6) Switch off the microscope on the machine and at the power supply.
Question:
Part 1: Parts of the compound microscope

Label each part of the microscope shown below.

Ocular lens

Arm
Nosepiece

Objective lens Stage clip

Stage Coarse adjustment

Diaphragm

Light source Fine adjustment

Fine focus knob

Brightness Adjustment

Base

Part 2: Using the compound microscope

Match each part of the compound microscope on the left with its function on the right:

H
K
J
I
L
C
F
F
G
B
A
D
E
Part 3: Calculate the magnification

Calculate the total magnification (TM) of the microscope when using each objective lens.
TM = Magnification of the Ocular Lens X Magnification of the Objective Lens

Ocular Lens Power Objective Lens Power Total Magnification

10X 4X (Scanning) 40
10X 10X (Low-power) 100
10X 40X (High-power) 400
10X 100X (Oil immersion) 1000

Part 4: Field of view

i) Draw sample of human cheek cells as seen in the microscope, and be sure to identify and label
the cell nucleus.

TONSIL ACORMAHA
 ii) Draw sample of human normal blood cells as seen in the microscope, and be sure to
identifyand label the red blood cell and white blood cell

PANCREAS

CONCLUSION:
-We examinating the sample that lecture gave under the microscope at different magnification for this
investigation. Our observations provide important insights into biological processes by revealing specific
features or structures observed. A comprehensive examination of sample made possible by high-resolution
image. This can help us to see something that cannot be seen with the naked eyes.